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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 



New York State 



UNIFORM 



Examination Questions 



September, 1887, to August, i88g. 



I. 






FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD GRADES 

COMPLETE, WITH ANSWERS. 




NEW YORK AND CHICAGO: 

E. L. KELLOGG & CO 

1S89. 



Copyright, 1889, 

BY 

E. L. Kellogg 8l Co., 

NEW YORK. 






I'fe'-'i 



PREFACE. 



This volume contains the Uniform Graded Examination 
Questions issued to the School Commissioners of the State 
by the Department of Public Instruction, commencing with 
September, 1887, and ending August 13, 14, 1889. The answers 
are also given ; these are those afterwards published by the 
Department of Public Instruction, with the exception of those 
for August 13, 14, 1889, which have been prepared by the pub- 
lishers. 

These questions have been adopted by all the School Com- 
missioners of the State ; the test in each county thus becomes 
tmifor^n, a great advance upon the former plan when each of 
the 113 Commissioners prepared his own questions. The 
answers to the questions are examined by the Commissioner, 
and are subject to the inspection of the Superintendent of 
Public Instruction. 

The percentage required for third-, second-, or first-grade 
licenses is stated in the ** Regulations" preceding the ques- 
tions. Third-grade licenses are limited to six months; second- 
grade, to two years ; first-grade, to live years. 

It must be apparent that a remarkable advance movement is 
in progress in education ; this step taken by the Empire State 
has attracted great attention in other States. And it is highly 
probable that a uniform system for all the States will be the 
outcome of this movement. 

The publishers issue this volume with the sincere hope that 
it will be the means of helping on the day of professional 
TEACHING. They would urge the third-grade teacher to use 
it to aid him to the next grade; they would urge the second- 
grade teacher to use it to advance him to the first grade; they 
would urge teachers holding firot-grade licenses to possess a 
State certificate. 

iii 



iv Preface. 

There are wide uses for such questions in the school-room. 
The publishers would call attention to Teacher s Profession, a 
monthly publication containing not only the New York *' Uni- 
form Graded Questions," but also the State Certificate Ques- 
tions (price 30 cents a year); also to the ''National Question 
Book" (price $1.75), which contams graded questions. This 
book, prepared by Edward R. Shaw, Principal of the Yonkers 
High School, has had a large sale, because // is based o?i a 
plan assisting the progressive teacher to become a professional 
teacher. 



INDEX. 



Algebra, 4, 10, 16, 22, 47, 76, 100, 
166, 205. — Answers to, 7, 13, 
19, 25, 52, 81, 106, 171, 212. 

American History, 3, 10, 16, 22, 
28, 34, 40, 47, 57, 63, 69, 75, 
86, 93, 100, 112, 117, 124, 129, 
136, 143, 150, 158, 166, 178, 186, 

193, 200, 205. — Answers to, 6, 
13, 18, 24, 31, 37,43.52, 60,66. 
71, 81, 89, 95, 106, 114, 120, 126, 
132, 139, 146, 153, 161, 171, 181, 
188, 196, 210, 212. 

Arithmetic, i, 8, 14, 20, 26, 32, 38, 
44, 55, 61, 67, 73, 83, 90, 97, 
109, 115, 121, 127, 133, 140, 147, 
155, 163, 175, 183, 190, 197, 202. 
— Answers to, 4, ii, 17, 23, 29, 
35, 41, 50, 58, 64, 70, 79, 87, 
93, 104, 112, 118, 124, 130, 137, 
144, 151, I59» 169, 179, 186, 

194, 208, 210. 
Book-keeping, 48, 76, loi, 167, 

206. — Answers to, 53, 81, 106, 
172, 212. 

Civil Government, 3, 10, 16, 22, 
27, 33, 39, 46, 56, 62, 68, 74, 84, 
91, no, 116, 122, 125, 128, 134, 
141, 144, 148, 156, 164, 176, 
184, 191, 198, 203. — Answers to, 
6, 13, 18, 24, 29,35, 42, 52, 58, 
65, 71, 79, 87, 94. 104, 113, 119, 
125, 131, 138, 152, 159, 170, 
180, 187, 194, 209, 211. 

Composition, 27, 33, 39, 45, 56, 
62, 68, 74, 84, 91, 98, no, 116, 
122, 128, 135, 141, 148, 156, 
164, 176, 184, 191, 198, 203. — 
Answers to, 30, 36, 42, 51, 59, 
65, 71, 80, 88,94, 105, 113, 119, 
125, 131, 138, 145. 

Current Topics or General 
Questions, 3, 9, 15, 21, 28, 34, 
41, 48, 57, 63, 69, 78, 86, 93, 
103, 112, 118, 124, 129, 136, 
143, 150, 158, 168, 178, 186, 
193, 201, 205. — Answers to, 6, 



12, 18, 24, 31, 37, 43, 53, 60, 
66, 71, 82, 89, 96, 108, 114, 
120, 126, 132, 139, 146, 153, 
162, 173, 182, 189, 196, 211. 

Drawing, 27. — Answers to, 29. 

Geography, 2, 9, 14, 20, 26, 32, 
38, 44, 55, 58, 61, 68, 73, 83, 
90, 98, 109, 115, 121, 127, 134, 
140, 147, 155, 163, 175, 183, 
190, 197, 202. — Answers to, 5, 

II, 17, 23,29, 35,42, 50,64, 70, 
79, 87, 94, 104, 113, 118, 125, 
130, 137, 144, 151, 159, 169, 
179, 187, 194, 208, 210. 

Grammar, 2, 8, 16, 22, 27, 33, 40, 
45, 56, 62, 68, 74, 85, 92, 99, 

III, 117, 123, 128, 135, 142, 
149, 157, 164, 176, 184, 192, 
199, 204. — Answers to, 4, 11, 
17. 23, 30, 36, 42, 51, 59, 65, 
71, 80, 88, 94, 105, 113, 119, 
125, 131, 138, 145, 153, 160, 
170, 181, 187, 195, 209, 211. 

Methods of Teaching, 3, 10, 15, 

20, 49, 77, 102, 168, 207. — 
Answers to, 7, 13, 19, 25, 55, 
82, 108, 173, 213. 

Physiology and Hygiene, 2, 9, 15, 

21, 28,34,40, 46, 57,63, 69, 75, 

85, 92, 99, III, 117. 123, 129, 
135, 142, 149, 158, 165, 177, 
185, 192, 500, 207. — Answers 
to, 5, 12, 18, 24, 31, 36, 42, 51, 
59, 66, 71, 80, 88, 95, 105, 114, 
119, 126, 132, 138, 145 , 152, 
161, 171, 180, 188, 195, 209, 
213. 

Physics, 49, 77, 102, 168, 206. — 
Answers to, 54, 82, 108, 173, 
212. 

Reading, 28, 34, 41, 57, 68, 84, 91, 
no, 116, 122, 128, 134, 141, 
148, 156, 176, 184, 191, 198. 

School Law, 3, 10, 15, 21, 48, 77, 
loi, 167. 203. — Answers to, 7, 

13, 19, 25, 53, 81, 107, 172. 



Books of Questions for Teachers. 



The National Question Book. 

By Edw. R. Shaw, Prin. of the Yonkers High School, 
N. Y. Cloth, i2mo, 400 pp. Price, $1.75. This is the 
best g:eneral "question book" for teachers published. 
Contains graded questions, with answers, on twenty-two 
different branches. 

Qiii^_ Manual of the Theory and Practice of 
Teaching. 

By A. P. South WICK, author of " Quizzism and Key," 
etc. Cloth, i6mo, 140 pp. Price, 75c. Contains 500 
questions, with answers, on theory and methods of 
teaching. 

Handy Helps. 

By A. P. SoUTHWiCK. Cloth, i6mo, 300 pp. Price, 
$1.00. Here are gathered some 500 odd questions of all 
kinds, each fully answered. A delightful and instructive 
book for general reading. 



E. L. KELLOGG & CO., 

Educational Publishers, 

NEW YORK AND CHICAGO. 



T;iln!form (Brabcb lEyamlnation (Siuestione. 

SEPTEMBER, 1887. 



GENERAL REGULATIONS. 

Applicants for first-grade licenses must have had two years' successful experi- 
ence in the school-room, and must attain at least eighty per cent upon arithmetic, 
grammar and geography, and not less than seventy per cent upon each of the 
other subjects. All questions in every paper apply to first-grade licenses. 

Applicants for second-grade licenses must have had one year's successful expe- 
rience in the school-room ; must attain a general average of at least seventy per 
cent, and must not fall below sixty per cent in arithmetic, grammar and geog- 
raphy. All questions in every pa-pec^ ej:ce/>tin^sckool lazv ami al£edra^ apply lo 
second-grade licenses. 

Questions printed in italics^ only, apply to third-grade licenses. Candidates 
must attain a general average of sixty per cent, and must not fall below fifty per 
cent in arithmetic, grammar and geography. 

Orthography will be marked from the papers as a whole ; penmanship from the 
paper in grammar. 

Figures AFTER questions indicate the percentage allowed for correct 
answers of same. 

Arithmetic. 

1. Divide 9I x -r- ^J f + I- Subtract 2\ from the sum of 8 J-, 3^, 

71, 8^V (15) 

2. Exteiid the items a?td make the footing i7i the follow i7tg bill : 

Albany, N. Y., September i, 1887. 
Mr. Arthur Floyd, i7i accou7it with R. J. Allen & Co. 

6432 lbs. stove coal, @ $6.25 per to7i % 

6432//. i7tch boards, @ 19.25 per M 

8. 33 cords wood, @ $5. 55 j^<?r cord. (15) 

3. Divide 2 gals., 2 qts., \ pt. i7ito 2000 equal parts. (10) 

4. Fi7id the legal i7iter est of $4352.50 /^r i year, 3 7no7iths a7id 

13 days. (10) 

5. A 77iafi havi7ig $2025 ifi the ba7ik drew out $1560. What 

per ce7it did he draw out? (10) 

6. A pile of 4-foot wood, 24 rods long, contains 100 cords. 

What is its height } (20) 

7. A man sells pens at \ cent apiece above cost and makes 20 

per cent. What do the pens cost him apiece } At what 
price per dozen does he sell them ? (20) 



2 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Grammar. 

Note.— The commissioner will retain the following extract and dictate to all 
applicants as a test in orthography, penmanship, capitalization and punctuation. 

1-2. Dictation. {Art. IV., sec. 2, Constitution of U. S.) 

1 . T/ie citizens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and 

immujiities of citizens in the several States. 

2. A person charged i?i a?iy State with treason, felony or other 

crime, who shall flee from justice and be found i7t another 
State, shall, on dema7id of the executive authority of the 
State from which he fled, be delivered tip to be removed to 
the State having jurisdiction of the crime. (30) 

3. Analyze, by diagram or othe7'wise, the first sentence. (10) 

4. Na7ne and give exa77iples of the different parts of speech ttsed 

i7i extract. (10) 

5. Write an interrogative se7ite7ice ; declarative ; i}7iperative ; 

excla77iatory. (10) 

6. Analyze, by diagram or otherwise, the second sentence. (20) 

7. Distinguish between language lessons and technical gram- 

mar. State the position of each in a common-school 
course. (20) 

Geography. 

1. Defi7ie, by outli7ie or otherwise, the boimdaries of your owft 

cotmty, showing its positio7i in the State. (5) 

2. Na77ie three canals in the 1/711 ted States, a7id 77ie7ition the wa- 

ters C071 7iected by ea ch. ( i o) 

3. Give route by water fro77i Bosto7i to St. Lotcis ; fro77i St. 

Augustine to Naples. (10) 

4. Give the geographical positio7i of Fra7ice ; its for77i of govern- 

77ie7it ; its cli77iate a7id leading productiofis ; three i77ipor- 
tant cities ; two fivers. (20) 

5. State what you know of the geographical distribution of coal 

a7id iro7i in the United States, (i 5) 

6. What is meant by Standard Eastern time ? (20) 

7. Name the river basins of North America. (20) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Describe the shape a7id positio7i of the heart. (15) 

2 . What are 771 uscles f (10) 

3. How are the bo7ies classified ? Of what is bo7ie co77iposed? (10) 

4. Na77ie the digestive organs. (10) 

5. How may the teacher promote the health of pupils? (15) 

6. Give a general description of the brain. (20) 



September, i88j. 3 

7. Mention the principal organs contained in each of the two 
great cavities of the trunk. (20) 

General Questions. 

1. What is the organizatio7i known as the " Knights of Labor' ? 

(20) 

2. Name five livitig American authors and three statesmen. (20) 

3. Oiitli?ie briefly your plan for the first day i7i school, (20) 

4. How may the teacher cultivate a taste for good reading ? 

(20) 

5. What is meant by Civil Service Reform ? (20) 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. Name three discoverers in the employ of the Spanish, Eng- 

lish and French, respectively, giving a discovery of each. 

(15) 

2. What were the leading events in the French and Indian 

war? (15) 

3. What causes led to the Revolutionary war ? (20) 

4. Comment upon the relative position of the United States 

to-day among the great powers of the world. (15) 

5. Name the legislative branches in the National and State 

Governments. (10) 

6. Name the members of the president's cabinet, and the title 

of each. (15) 

7. What is tariff? (10) 

Methods. 

Outline a typical lesson for one of your grades in : 

1. Reading; (25) 

2. Arithmetic ; (25) 

3. Spelling; (25) 

4. Geography. (25) 

School Law. 

1. State three ways in which a teacher may be licensed. (20) 

2. Mention the legal holidays in this State. (20) 

3. Is a teacher authorized to hold religious exercises during 

school hours ? (20) 

4. Has the teacher authority to expel a pupil ? To suspend? 

(20) 

5. What legal remedy has a teacher against any person who 

creates a wilful disturbance during school hours? (20) 



4 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

Algebra. 

1. Give and explain briefly the principal signs used in Algebra. 

(20) 

2. Required, in its simplest form, the quotient : 

Aa (a^ — JV') a- — ax . . 

35 (^2 _ x'') be ■\- bx ^ ^ 

3. Expand {a — b)\ (20) 

4. What fraction is that, such that if the numerator and de- 

nominator be each increased by i, the value is i; but 
if each be diminished by i, the value is i? (20) 
$. What two numbers are those whose sum is 41, and the sum 
of whose squares is 901 ? (20) 



ANSWERS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1887. 



Note. — It will be seen that the answers printed below are. in many cases, merely- 
suggestive. Examiners will not be confined to the precise form or substance ex- 
cept where exact answers are required. 



Arithmetic 



1. 1 8^%. 243^V 

2. $ 20.10 

123.82 
46.23 



3. .0105 pt. 

4. $335.87 

5. 772V per cent. 

6. 89V feet. 

7. f cent apiece ; g cents per doz 
$190.15 

Grammar. 
1-2. Answers unnecessary. 

3. Answer according to any recognized system or standard. 

4. the article, or adjective ; several .... adjective; 

state noun ; flee verb ; 

who pronoun ; and conjunction; 

in preposition ; up adverb, as used here; 

having participle, or verb. 

5. Have you read the book? 
The boy runs. 

Put down that hat. 
Alas ! How sad it is. 

6. Answer according to any recognized system or standard. 

7. Skill in the use of oral and written language is the aim of Language 

Lessons, which should be given when the pupil first enters school. 
Ability to analyze, parse and criticise, is the aim of lessons in 
Technical Grammar which comes properly within the last two 
years of the common-school course. 



September, i88y. 5 

Geography. 

1. Answer according to locality. 

2. Erie Canal. Lake Erie and Hudson River. 
Delaware and Hudson. Delaware and Hudson Rivers. 
Wabash and Erie. Lake Erie and Ohio River. 

3. From Boston on Boston harbor, Massachusetts Bay, Atlantic Ocean, 

Florida Strait, Gulf of Mexico, and Mississippi River to St. 
Louis. 
From St. Augustine on Atlantic Ocean, Strait of Gibraltar, Mediter- 
ranean Sea, and Bay of Naples to Naples. 
4 Western part of Europe ; republic ; climate varied ; productions, 
silk, wine, semi-tropical fruits, and cereals ; Paris, Marseilles, 
and Lyons ; Seine and Rhone. 

5. The principal coal fields of the United States are those of the Appa- 

lachian region, Illinois, and western Indiana, and Missouri and 
southern Iowa. The principal iron fields are in the Appalachian 
region, and in Missouri. 

6. The time adopted by those railroad companies whose roads are in 

that belt contiguous to the 75th meridian, seven and one half 
degrees approximately, on each side. It is five hours slower 
than Greenwich time. 

7. The Arctic slope, the Hudson Bay basin, the St. Lawrence basin, 

the Atlantic slope, the Mississippi basin, the Great Basin, and 
the Pacific slope. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The heart is the organ which propels the blood, and is situated just 

to the left of the centre of the chest. It is a hollow, muscular 
organ, shaped like a strawberry, and suspended with the point 
downward. 

2. The muscles are the instruments of motion. They are composed 

of fine fibres or strings, held together by connective tissue, and 
bound up in smooth, silky casings of thin membrane. 

3. First, the bones of the head; second, the bones of the trunk ; third, 

the bones of the upper extremities ; fourth, the bones of the 
lower extremities. The bones are composed of animal matter, 
which gives toughness and elasticity, and of mineral matter, 
which gives hardness and stiffness. 

4. First, the mouth and salivary glands ; second, the stomach; third, 

the pancreas ; fourth, the liver ; fifth, the intestines. 

5. By insisting upon the proper care and arrangement of the school 

premises. By imparting a knowledge of hygienic laws and 
directing obedience thereto. 

6. The brain, the principal organ of intelligence, is situated in the head. 

and is surrounded and protected by the bones of the skull. It 
is divided into two parts — the cerebrum or great brain, and the 
cerebellum or little brain, separated by membrane. The sub- 
stance of the brain consists of white and gray matter. The outer 
surface is furrowed. It is believed that the cerebrum is the chiet 
organ of the mind. 

7. The smaller cavity, the chest, contains the lungs and heart. The 



6 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

abdomen, the largest cavity of the body, contains the stomach, 
liver and kidneys. 

General Questions. 

1. A society, secret in its nature and composed of wage-workers, to 

protect the interests of labor. 

2. Bancroft, Holmes, Warner, Clemens, Aldrich. Conkling, Thur- 

man, Blaine. 

3. Be early at school. Have all preparations completed before the 

hour for commencing. Take names of pupils as soon as they 
reach school, and learn what you can relative to their studies. 
Call to order on time. Introduce yourself with a fev/ pleasant 
remarks. Make opening exercises short. Complete enrollment. 
Assign lessons. Begin with the order of study and recitation 
that you think it will be desirable to continue. 

4. By reading the best authors. 

5. The appointment of persons to civil offices on the sole ground of 

qualifications therefor. 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. Columbus — Touched first at one of the Bahama islands. 

" To Castile and Leon 
Columbus gave a new world." 
Jacques Cartier — River and Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
John Cabot — Labrador. Cabot discovered the western continent 
almost 14 months before Columbus sighted the mainland. (Ban- 
croft.) 

2. Braddock's defeat ; expulsion of the Acadians ; capture of Louis- 

burg ; battle of Lake George ; attack on Ticonderoga ; evacua- 
tion of Ticonderoga and Crown Point ; capture of Quebec. 

3. (i) American training in self-government. 

(2) The attempted exercise of unconstitutional authority by Great 

Britain, {a) Writs of assistance, {b) The stamp act. {c) Quar- 
tering of troops in towns, {d) The tea tax. (<?) The with- 
drawal of the right of self-government. 

(3) The punishment inflicted by England upon the colonies for 

their remonstrance. 

4. The United States is the leading republic of the world. Natural 

resources, geographical position, and character of population 
under a representative government place her in the foremost 
rank among the great powers of the world. 

5. National — senate and house of representatives. 
State — senate and assembly. 

6. Bayard, secretary of state. 
Fairchild, secretary of the treasury. 
Endicott, secretary of war. 
Whitney, secretary of the navy. 
Vilas, postmaster-general. 
Garland, attorney-general. 
Lamar, secretary of the interior. 

7. A list or table of duties or customs imposed by government, to be 

paid on goods imported or exported. 



September, 1887. 7 

Methods. 
1-4. Answers unnecessary. 

School Law. 

1. By State superintendent of public instruction ; by school commis- 

sioners, or other officers with similar functions ; by obtaining a 
diploma from a State normal school. 

2. January i, February 22, May 30, July 4, first Monday in September, 

December 25, any general election day in this State, every 
Saturday afternoon, and Thanksgiving day. 

3. A teacher has no authority to insist upon religious exercises of any 

kind. 

4. No. Yes ; the teacher may suspend for the day, or long enough 

for consultation with trustees. 

5. He may enter complaint against such offender before any justice of 

the peace of the county, or the mayor or any alderman, recorder 
or other magistrate of the city, wherein the offence was com- 
mitted. 

Algebra. 

I. The principal signs used in Algebra are the following: =, +» — > 
X, -^, ()> >' V- Each sign represents certain words, and is 
used to express the various operations in the clearest and brief- 
est manner. 

2 4(^ + ^) 
3(^ - X) 

4 f 

5 15 and 26. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
OCTOBER, 1887. 



Arithmetic. 



Note.— All written work should be shown in full. 

1. Add2)^,{% divided by y\), XCVIII, and four a7td seven hundred- 

thousandths, (10) 

2. Find the least common multiple and the greatest coinmon 

divisor of 52, ^Z and 143. (15) 

3. What will if acres of la7id cost at \ ce7it per square foot ? (10) 

4. From a barrel of wi7te, iS gals. 3 qts. i pt. were draw 71. What 

per ce7it of the whole remai7ied i7i the barrel? (i 5) 

5. What will 1893 lbs. hay cost at §12.38 per ton ? (10) 

6. A man sold sixteen horses at §200 each ; on one half he 

gained 10 per cent, and on the other half he lost 10 per 
cent. Find net gain or loss. (20) 

7. Write a negotiable, interest-bearing promissory note, omit- 

ting signature. (20) 

Grammar. 

Note.— The commissioners will retain the following extract and dictate to all 
applicants as a test in orthography, penmanship, capitalization and punctuation. 

1-2. Dictatio7i {Webster's ''Character of Washi7ig-ton"). "It 
was the extraordi7tary fortu7ie of Washi7igton, that hav- 
i7ig been intrusted i7i revolutionary times with the supre7ne 
77iilitary coi7i77tand, a7id having fulfilled that trust with 
equal re7iown for wisdo7n and valor, he should be placed at 
the head of the first govern77te7it in which a7i atte?7ipt was 
to be made, on a large scale, to rear the fabric of social 
order 07i the basis of a written constitution, and of a pure 
represe7itative principle. ' ' (20) 

3. Na7ne and give exa7nples of the different parts of speech used 

i7i the above extract. (10) 

4. Mark for pronunciatio7t the following : impolitic, deficit, 

siJ7iulta7teous, coral, enervate, urgent, ce7itury, 7nachi7ie, 
sarcas7n, oxygen, (10) 

5. Write an application for a position as teacher, stati7ig qualifi- 

8 



October, 1887. 9 

cations a7id experience, a7id vientio7iing references. Use 
proper for?n of headi7ig, superscription and closing. Be 
careful to paragraph, capitalize and punctuate properly. 

(20) 

6. What preliminary instruction should be given before gram- 

mar as a science is taught ? (20) 

7. Analyze, by diagram or otherwise, the above extract. (20) 

Geography. 

1. What State is noted for the product io7t of (a) rice ; {b) gold ; 

{c) silver ; (d) sugar ; {e) coal ; (/) ora7iges ; (g) tobacco ; 
{h) 7narble ; {i) zinc ; (J) tar ; (k) cotto7i ; (/) copper ; (77t) 
wi7ie ; (71) petrol eu77iy a7id io) salt? (15) 

2. What cou7ities i7i New York border 07i the great lakes? (10) 

3. Bound this State. (10) 

4. Me7itio7i six i}iodificatio7is of cliniate. (10) 

5. Na77ie a7td locate five of the leadijig cities of Great Britain^ 

77ie7itio7ii7ig a leadi7ig i7idustry of each. (15) 

6. What determines the width of the zones ? (20) 

7. Name the ** five great powers " of Europe, and the form of 

government in each. (20) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Describe three ki7ids of joi7its, and 77ie7ition 07ie of each kind, 

(10) 

2. What IS the object of respirati07t ? Me7itio7i the pri7icipal 

orga7is of the respiratory system. (10) 

3. Na77ie the bo7ies of the skull. (10) 

4. In case of a wou7id, how 7nay we deter 77ii7ie whether the blood 

is flowi7ig fro77i a vei7t or a7i artery? If fro}Ji the for77ier, 
where should the ba7idage be applied? (15) 

5. What are sti7nula7its? What are narcotics? Give a7i ex- 

a 7nple of each . (15) 

6. Mention five hindrances to digestion. (25) 

7. Locate and describe the stomach. (15) 

General Questions. 

1. Na7ne {a) two A7nerican i7ive}itors ; 

(b) two Ai}ierica7i lexicographers ; 
{c) two America7i naturalists ; 

(d) two A7)ierica7i 7iovelists ; 

(e) two A77ierica7i ?iistorians ; 

(f) two Ai7ierican poets ; 

(g) two Af}ierica7i jour7ialists ; 
\k) two A7nerica7i painters ; 
(i) two Anierica7t sculptors ; 
(J) two A7nerican orators. (30) 

2. Classify the faculties of the 7nind. (20) 

3. Mentio}i six objects of the recital io7i, (2a) 



lo Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

4. Who are the present United States Senators from this State? 

Who is your representative in Congress? (10) 

5. Locate the 7tormal schools in this State, (20) 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. What do the following dates suggest : 1497, 1534, 1541, 1565, 

1607, 1609, 1620, 1623, 1651, ajtd ij6^} (20) 

2. How did we acqtiire Louisiana? When? From whom? (10) 

3. What was the principle of the '* Monroe Doctrine' ? (10) 

4. Me7itio7i a promine7it battle of {a) the Fre^ich a?id Indiaii war; 

(p) the Revolutionajy war ; {c) the war of 181 2; {d ) the 
Mexican war^ a7id {e) the war of the Rebellion. (10) 

5. With what jury would a bill of i7idict77ie7it origi7iate, a7id 

what jury would try the crimi7ial? (10) 

6. How are United States Senators elected ? Mention a State 

officer elected in the same manner. (20) 

7. Mention six distinct purposes for which the Constitution of 

the United States was adopted. (20) 

Methods. 

Outline a typical lesson for one of your grades in : 

1. Language; (25) 

2. Physiology and Hygiene ; (25) 

3. American History ; (25) 

4. Reading. (25) 

School Law. 

1. May a district change from one to three trustees ? (20) 

2. What authority has a teacher to inflict corporal punish- 

ment ? (20) 

3. What does the law require of a teacher before he can make 

a legal contract to teach a common school ? (20) 

4. In whom is the authority vested to regulate the attendance 

of pupils, the course of study, and the selection of text- 
books ? (20) 

5. How frequently does the law provide that the compensation 

of teachers shall become due and payable } (20) 

Algebra. 

1. Define coefficient, polynomial, and exponent. (20) 

2. Expand (a — 5)^ (20) 

3. Factor a^77i — 9^;;^^ (20) 

4. Divide §183 between two men, so that f of what the first 

receives shall be equal to -^^ of what the second receives. 
(20) 

5. A person loaned §100,000, a part of it at 5 per cent and the 

balance at 4 per cent ; his annual interest on the whole 
was $4640. Required the two parts of the principal. 



October, i88y. ii 

ANSWERS FOR OCTOBER, 1887. 
Arithmetic. 



1. 109.12507. 

2. 1716L. C. M. 

3. $373.37f 

4. 40/3 per cent. 


13 G. CD. 


5. $11.71 + 

6. $32.32 loss. 

7. Answer unnecessary 




Grammar. 



1-2. Answers unnecessary. 

3. the article or adjective; it pronoun; 

was verb; and conjunction; 

fortune noun ; first adjective ; 

of preposition; having been intrusted . participle or 

verb. 

4. See any standard dictionary. 

5. Answer unnecessary. 

6. Language-lessons and actual composition work constitute the best 

means of acquiring a ready and correct use of language, which, 
in its turn, becomes a sound basis for the study of technical 
grammar. " As grammar was ??iade after language," says Spen- 
cer, '* so it ought to be taught after language." 

7. Answer according to any recognized system or standard. 

Geography. 

1. (^)S. C; {b) Cal.; {c) Nev.; {d) La.; {e) Penn.; (/) Fla. ; (g) Ky.; 

{h)Y\..\ (i) N. J.; (;•) N. C; {k) Miss.; (/) Mich.; {m) Cal.; {n) 
Penn.;(^) N. Y. 

2. Chautauqua, Erie, Niagara, Orleans, Monroe, Wayne, Cayuga, 

Osv/ego and Jefferson. 

3. Lake Erie, Niagara R., L. Ontario, St. Lawrence R., Dominion of 

Canada, L. Champlain, Poultney R. , Vt., Mass., Conn., L. L 
Sound, Atlantic O., Lower Bay, Raritan Bay, Staten L Sound, 
Newark Bay, Kill von Kull, N. Y. Bay, Hudson R., N. J., Del- 
aware R., and Penn. 

4. I. Latitude; 

2. Altitude; 

3. Proximity to any great body of water; 

4. Ocean currents; 

5. Prevailing winds; 

6. Slope of surface. 

5. London, S. E. part of England, on the Thames R.; manufactures 

clothing. 

Liverpool, western part of England, on the Mersey R.; corrunercial 
pursuits. 

Glasgow, south-central part of Scotland, on the Clyde R. ; manufac- 
tures iron steamships. 

Birmingham, central part of England; manufactures hardware. 

Manchester, north-central part of England, manufactures cotton 
goods. 



12 Uniform Graded Examination Questions, 

6. The inclination of the earth's axis. 

7. Gt. Britain and Ireland; kingdom; limited monarchy. 
Germany; empire; limited monarchy. 

France; republic. 

Russia; empire; despotism. 

Austro- Hungary; empire; limited monarchy. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Immovable — sutures of the skull, skull and upper jaw, etc. 
Slightly movable — vertebral column. 

Freely movable — hip, carpus, etc. 

2. To furnish oxygen to the blood, and remove carbonic acid. 
Lungs, larynx, trachea, bronchia, and air-vesicles. 

3. One Frontal, one Occipital, two Temporal, one Sphenoid, two 

Parietal, and one Ethmoid. 

4. By its color, and by manner of its flow: venous blood is dark and 

flows in a steady stream; arterial blood is light and flows in jets. 
Below the wound. 

5. Stimulants are substances which excite. Narcotics stupefy. 
Alcohol taken in a small quantity is a stimulant; opium is a narcotic. 

6. I. Eating too fast; 

2. Strong excitement; 

3. Great fatigue; 

4. Mental effort ; 

5. Too much liquid with food. 

7. It is a pear-shaped sac, lying obliquely across the body, immediately 

below the diaphragm. That of an adult averages, when 
moderately full, twelve inches in length (transversely) and four 
inches in breadth (vertically). 

General Questions. 

1. {a) Robt. Fulton and Samuel F. B. Morse; 
{b) Jos. E. Worcester and Noah Webster; 

(c) Jno. Jas. Audubon and Louis J. R. Agassiz; 

(d) Washington Irving and J. Fenimore Cooper; 

(e) George Bancroft and Jno. Lothrop Motley; 

(f) Jno. G. Whittier and Henry W. Longfellow; 
Ig) Jas. Gordon Bennett, Sr. , and Horace Greeley; 
{/i) Benjamin West and Gilbert Chas. Stewart; 

it) Hiram Powers and Harriet Goodhue Hosmer; 
{]) Daniel Webster and Henry Ward Beecher. 
Others of good standing should be accepted. 

2. The perceptive faculties, the retentive faculties, and the reflective 

faculties. 

3. I. Instruction imparted by the teacher; 

2. Mental training for the pupil; 

3. To induce study; 

4. To test preparation; 

5. To correct errors or mistakes; 

6. To form habits of attention, readiness and self-possession. 

4. I. William M. Evarts, Frank Hiscock. 2. Answer according to 

locality. 



October, 1887. 13 

5. Albany, Buffalo, Brockport, Cortland, Fredonia, Geneseo, New 
Paltz, Oneonta, Oswego and Potsdam. 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. 1497, Cabot's discovery of the American continent; 
1534, Cartier's discovery of the St. Lawrence River; 
1 541, De Soto's discovery of the Mississippi River; 

1565, Settlement of St. Augustine by the Spaniards under Melendez; 

1607, Settlement of Jamestown by the English; 

1609, Hendrik Hudson explored the river that now bears his name; 

1620, Landing of Pilgrims or Puritans at Plymouth, Mass.; 

1623, Actual settlement of New York by the Dutch; 

165 1, Navigation Act passed; (Enforced in 1660). 

1765, Stamp Act passed. 

2. Purchased from France in 1803. 

3. " The American continents are henceforth not to be considered sub- 

jects for future colonization by any European power." 

4. {a) Quebec; {b) Saratoga; {c) New Orleans; (d) Buena Vista; (<?) 

Gettysburg. 

5. Grand jury; petit jury. 

6. By joint ballot of the Legislature. Superintendent of Public In- 

struction. 

7. I. To form a more perfect union; 

2. To establish justice; 

3. To insure domestic tranquillity; 

4. To provide for the common defence; 

5. To promote the general welfare; 

6. And to secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our 

posterity. 

1-4. Answers unnecessary. 



Methods. 
School Law. 



1. Yes. 

2. The same authority that a parent has. 

3. It requires him to have an unexpired license. 

4. In trustees and boards of education. 

5. As often as at the end of each calendar month of the term of em- 

ployment. 

Algebra. 

1. A coefficient is a number or letter prefixed to a quantity, to denote 

how many times the quantity is taken. A polynomial is an 
algebraic quantity consisting of more than one term. An ex- 
ponent is a number written above and to the right of a quantity, 
to show how many times the quantity is taken as factor. 

2. a^ — ^a^b + IOrzV^2 _ jo^2^3 _j_ g^^4 _ ^5^ 

3. a77i {a} — o^vi) {a^ -\- yn\ 

4. I. $63; 2. $120. 

5. $64,000 and $36,000. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
NOVEMBER, 1887. 



Arithmetic. 

Note.— All written work should be shown in full. 

1. Write id) three 7nillions, sixty thousa^id, seven; (d) a number 

coinposed of 5 units of the sixth order, 4 units of the fifth 
order, i tmit of the fourth order, and 9 units of the seeojid 
order ; (e) six thousand twenty-four hundred-thotisandths. 
(12) 

2. {a) Divide i of ^ of y\ <^/ 3f ; ih subtract ^^-^from the sum 

^/5i, 2i, 4iV (12) 

3. Find the i7iterest of ^g^^.J^ from Aug, 14, 1886, to Oct. i, 1887, 

at 5 per cejit per annicin. (i 2) 

4. Reduce (a) 39 i"^. rods 17 sg', yds. 119 sg. in. to sq. in.; (b) 3 

p^s. 5 gts. I pt. to the fraction of a bushel. (12) 

5. If lead-pencils that cost 3 cts. each are sold for 5 cts. each, what 

is the per ce7it of profit? (12) 

6. The difference in time between New York and Chicago is 54 

min. {a) What is the difference in longitude.^ {b) When 
the local time in New York is 12 h. 25 min., a.m., what 
is the local time in Chicago ? (20) 

7. Extract the square root of 317.815, correct to three decimal 

places. (20) 

Geography. 

1. Name {a) the 7iatural divisio7is of land ; {b) the 7tatural divi- 

sio7is of water, (i 2) 

2. Na77ie a7id describe three of the principal rivers of the State of 

New York. (12) 

3. Na7ne and locate (a) the chief C07nmercial city of the U. S.; 

(b) of Great Britai7i ; (c) of Brazil ; (d) of Holla7id. 

(12) 

4. What for 771 of govern7ne7it has {a) the U7iited States? (p) 

Great Brit ai7i? {c) Russia? (12) 

5. What is {a) the source of a river? (U) its right ba7ik? ic) a 

delta? (12) 

6. Name and locate the principal mountain range of id) North 

America; {b) Europe; (<f) Africa; {d) South America. 
(20) 

7. Bound by parallels the temperate zones of the earth. (20) 

J4 



November, 1887. 15 

Methods. 

1. In cold weather, what means would you use to ventilate a 

school-room unprovided with ventilating apparatus? 

(25) 

2. Outline a programme of recitations for use in an ungraded 

school, or in your department of a graded school. (25) 

3. How do you teach penmanship? (25) 

4. Give methods of controlling a school without recourse to 

punishment. (25) 

School Law. 

1. What vacancies in office may the trustee of a school district 

fill by appointment ? (20) 

2. What authority has a teacher over pupils on the way to and 

from school? (20) 

3. Upon what basis is the public-school fund apportioned (a) 

to the counties of the State ? (3) to the several school 
districts of a county? (20) 

4. What relatives is a trustee prohibited from hiring as teach- 

ers ? (20) 

5. What power has the trustee of a school district to purchase 

globes, maps, and other school apparatus for the use of 
the school without a vote of the district ? (20) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Name the organs of circulation in order, beginning with the 

heart, (12) 

2. Mention three causes of decay of the teeth, (12) 

3. Explain how the blood circulates through the bones. (12) 

4. Describe the effect of alcohol on the lining of the stomach, (12) 

5. How 7nany bones in the forearm? Naine them. (12) 

6. Give three examples of reflex action. (20) 

7. Explain how an extensive burn may cause congestion of the 

lungs. (20) 

General Questions. 

1. Name five of the leading newspapers of the United States, 

(20) 

2. Na7ne the towns of your county, and also the comity seat. (20) 

3. What centennial was celebrated in Philadelphia the week of 

Septe?nber 11, 1887? (20) 

4. What is the principal subject of dispute at the present time 

between the United States and Canada ? (20) 

5. What is understood by ** Authors' Day Exercises " in school 

work ? (20) 



1 6 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. {a) Who discovered the Mississippi River? {/)) the Hudson 

River? (15) 

2. Name the tribes of the Six Nations in their order of location 

from east to west. (15) 

3. Mention five of the principal events of the civil war. (10) 

4. Name the highest court and also the lowest courts of the 

State of New York. (10) 

5. How many persons comprise a trial jury in a court of rec- 

ord? (10) 

6. Explain what is meant by iinpeachine7it in the clause of the 

Constitution, '' shall have the sole power of impeach- 
ment." (20) 

7. What is meant by the veto power? (20) 

Algebra. 

1. By what signs are the terms of an algebraic expression of 

quantity separated ? (20) 

_ , a^ -^ ^a'x + 3ajr^ + -^\ ., , , , . . 

2. Reduce — ^ — ^^^ to its lowest terms. (20) 

a^ + ^ 

3. Expand {y-\)\ (20) 

4. Divide a'^ + (^a^x"' + x^ by a^ + 2ax + x'^. (20) 

5. The product of two numbers is 45, and the difference of 

their squares is 56. Required the numbers. (20) 

Grammar. 

Note. — The commissioner will retain the following extract and dictate to all 
applicants as a test in Orthography, Penmanship, Capitalization and Punctuation. 

1-2. Die tat 1071 {Art. XIV, sec. i, Co7istitution of U. S.) : (24) 

1. All perso7is born or 7iaturalzzed Z7i the U7iited States, 
a7id subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citize7is of the 
U7iited States and of the State wherein they reside. 

2. No State shall 771 a ke or e7tforce any law zuhich shall 
abridge the privileges or i77i77itmities of citizens of the U7iited 
States ; 7ior shall a7iy State deprive any perso7i of life, liberty, 
or property, without due process of law, 71 or de7iy to a7iy per- 
S071 within its jurisdictio7t the equal protectio7i of the laws. 

3. A7ialyze, by diagra77i or otherwise, the first sentence. (12) 

4. Na77ie {a) all the adjectives i7i the dictation exercise ; {b) all 

the adverbs. (12) 

5. {ci) Decli7ie the pro7iou7i he; {b) write the possessive for 7ns of 

she, George, boys ; {c) how is a declarative se7itence 77iade 
i7iterrogative? (12) 

6. Analyze, by diagram or otherwise, the second sentence. (20) 

7. Name and parse all the relative pronouns used in the dicta- 

tion exercise. (20) 



November, i88y. t^ 

ANSWERS FOR NOVEMBER, 1887. 



Arithmetic. 



Sing, 


Plural. 


he 


they 


his 


their or theirs 


him 


them 



I. (a) 3,060,007. (d) 541,090. (c) .06024. 

2. («) Iff. w sm- 

3. $5.36. 

4. («) 1,551,107 sq. in. (/^ If bu. 

5. 66f per cent. 

6. {a) 13° 30'. (^) II h. 31 min., p.m. 

7. 17.827 +. 

Grammar. 

1-2. Answers unnecessary. 

3. Answer according to any recognized system or standard. 

4. (a) All, the, the, the, the, no, any, the, the, any, any, due, any, the, 

equal, the. 
(d) Thereof, wherein. 

5. w 

Nominative, 
Possessive, 
Objective, 
(d) Her; George's; boys*. 

(c) By placing the verb or its first auxiliary before the subject. 

6. Answer according to any recognized system or standard. 

7. Which — relative pronoun; agrees with its antecedent, law, in per- 

son, number, and gender; nominative case, subject of the verb 
shall abridge. 

Geography. 

1. (a) Continent, island, isthmus, peninsula, cape, promontory, moun- 

tain. 

(d) Ocean, sea, gulf or bay, strait, channel, lake, river. 

2. The Hudson River rises in the north-eastern part of New York, and 

flows southerly into New York Bay. The Mohawk River rises 
in the northern-central part of New York, and flows easterly 
into the Hudson. The Genesee River rises in the south-western 
part of New York, and flows northerly into Lake Ontario. 

3. (a) New York, on New York Bay, in the southeastern part of the 

State of New York. 
(d) London, in the southeastern part of England, on the Thames 
River. 

(c) Rio Janeiro, in the southeastern part of Brazil, on the Atlantic 
Ocean. 

(d) Amsterdam, in the western part of Holland, on the Zuyder Zee. 

4. (a) Federal republic, (b) Limited (or constitutional) monarchy, (c) 

Despotism, or absolute monarchy. 

5. (a) The place where it rises or begins, (d) The bank on the right 

when going down the stream, (c) Land formed in and about 
the mouth of a river by deposits of earth washed down by the 
current. 



1 8 Uniform Graded Examination Questions^ 

6. {a) The Rocky Mountains, extending northwest and southeast in the 

western part, {b) The Alps, extending east and west in the 
southern-central part, {c) The Mountains of the Moon, extend- 
ing north and south in the eastern part, {d) The Andes, extend- 
ing north and south in the western part. 

7. The North Temperate Zone is bounded on the north by the parallel 

66° 30' north latitude, and on the south by the parallel 23° 30' 
north latitude. The South Temperate Zone is bounded on the 
north by the parallel 23° 30' south latitude, and on the south by 
the parallel 66° 30' south latitude. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The heart, the arteries, the capillaries, and the veins« 

2. Want of cleaning ; breaking the enamel by biting hard substances ; 

and cracking the enamel by taking into the mouth substances 
either very hot or very cold. 

3. The blood flows from the arteries of the periosteum into the Haver- 

sian canals of the bone, and, if the bone is hollow, through into 
the blood-vessels of the marrow, then out again into the veins of 
the periosteum. 

4. Alcohol first distends the blood-vessels, then hardens the mem- 

branes, and, by continual use, finally ulcerates them. 

5. Two. The ulna and the radius. 

6. The act of walking without mental effort ; playing upon musical 

instruments, especially those that require the use of the fingers; 
the expert use of tools by skilled mechanics, etc. 

7. By closing the perspiratory glands, and thus overworking the lungs 

in the effort to discharge through them the impurities of the 
body that naturally escape through the skin. 

General Questions. 

1-2. No answers required. 

3. The centennial of the adoption of the Constitution of the United 

States. 

4. The fisheries question. 

5. The practice in many schools of observing the birthday of any noted 

author, by the reading and reciting of selections from his writings. 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. (a) Fernando De Soto. 

lb) Hendrik (or Henry) Hudson. 

2. Mohawks, Oneidas, dnondagas, Cayugas, Senecas, and Tuscaroras. 

3. The capture of Fort Sumter ; the battle of Bull Run ; the battle of 

Gettysburg ; the draft riots in New York City ; and the Emanci- 
pation Proclamation, etc. 

4. The Court of Appeals is the highest court, and justices' courts are 

the lowest. 

5. Twelve. 

6. An impeachment is a formal presentation of charges against an 

official for misconduct in office, made by the lower branch of a 
legislative body. 



November, i88y. 19 

7. The power of a chief executive officer to negative a law passed by a 
legislative body. 

Methods. 
1-4. No answers required to be here given. 

School Law. 

1. District Clerk ; District Librarian ; and District Collector. 

2. None. 

3. {a) The number of schools taught by duly licensed teachers for the 

prescribed term of twenty-eight weeks, and upon the population 
as shown by the last census. 
{b) The number of teachers employed for at least twenty-eight 
weeks in the preceding school year, the number of children of 
school age residing in the district on the 30th day of June, pre- 
ceding, and the average attendance of resident pupils at the dis- 
trict school during the preceding school year. 

4. Relatives within the second degree, either by blood or by marriage, 

viz.: father, mother, grandfather, grandmother, son, daughter, 
grandson, granddaughter, brother, or sister. 

5. He has power to expend for such purpose sums not to exceed fifteen 

dollars in any one school year. 

Algebra. 
I By the signs -f- and — . 



r2 _ 



or 



ax -\- x"^ a^ — ax -\- '^x. 



-^ -^ ^ 3 27 ^ 27 81 ^ 729 

4. a'^ — 2ax -[- 



x^ 



5. ± 9 and dh 5; or ± V' — 25 and ± |/ — 81' 



QUESTION^ FOR EXAMINATION. 
DECEMBER, 1887. 



Arithmetic. 



1. To what different classes of nu7nbers does the number 924 he- 

long? (12) 

2. What is the only even prime number ? (12) 

3. Express by figures {a) four hundred and twenty-eight ten- 

thousa7idths ; (J?) nine hundred-thousandths, (12) 

4. How much will it cost to carpet a roo77t \^ ft. square^ with 

carpet % of a yard wide <3:/ $ i . 1 5 per yard? ( 1 2) 

5. A rectangular field is 86-J- rods long a7id 46.875 rods wide. 

How 77iuch wheat will it produce at the rate of 20 bushels 
per acre? (12) 

6. What sum of money will amount to $1,253.86, in 2 yr. 11 

mo. 13 da., interest at 5 per cent.^ (20) 

7. How is the rate per cent per annum ascertained when the 

principal, interest, and time are given } (20) 

Geography. 

1. Name the Great Lakes and the outlet of each, (i 5) 

2. Which one of the United States extends farthest east? which 

farthest west ? (10) 

3. Name the principal river {a) of Alaba7na ; (b) of Virginia ; 

{c) of Pe7tnsylvania ; (d) ofCalifornia; (^) of India7ia. 

4. What is the pri7icipal vegetable product (a) of Minnesota ? (U) 

of Virginia? {c) of Louisia7ia? (d) of Mississippi? {e) of 
Illinois? (15) 

5. Which grand division has {a) the highest 7nountains ? (b) the 

largest river? {c) the largest lakes? (10) 

6. What are isothermal lines } (20) 

7. Upon what does the fertility of a large part of Egypt de- 

pend } (20) 

Methods. 

1. Give a plan for preventing tardiness at school. (25) 

2. Outline your method of teaching number in primary work. 

(25) 

3. Do you use the sentence method, the word method, or the 

20 



December, 1887. 21 

alphabet method, in teaching reading? and what are its 
advantages over the other two ? (25) 
4. Should false syntax be taught as a part of technical gram- 
mar? Why? (25) 

School Law. 

1. {a) What notice to voters is necessary in calling a special 

school meeting ? {b) What matters can be legally acted 
upon at such meeting? (20) 

2. {a) How may a school district change from three trustees to 

one ? ip) From one trustee to three ? (20) 

3. Has a trustee, or a board of trustees, the power to allow the 

use of the school-house for religious meetings against 
the wish of the district? (20) 

4. How many days must elapse between the voting of a tax by 

a district meeting and the delivery of the tax-list and 
warrant to the collector? (20) 

5. Can a teacher make up lost time by teaching on a holiday ? 

(20) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Give the classification of the teeth, and the nu77iber in each class 

for a7i adult. (12) 

2. Are rubber overshoes a healthful covering for the feet if con- 

sta7iily wor7t ? Why ? (12) 

3. Describe the effect of alcohol up07i the digestive orga7is a7td the 

digestive fluids. ( 1 2) 

4. Disti7tguish betwee7i carbo7iaceous foods a7id nitroge7ious foods. 

Give exa77iples of each. (12) 

5. Describe a7id locate the tricuspid aftd the bicuspid valves. (12) 

6. Explain why persons after long or severe sickness are ex- 

tremely sensitive to a jar. (20) 

7. Describe the need of ventilation, and some of the causes by 

which the air in a room is polluted. (20) 

General Questions. 

1 . Na7ne three State Educatio7tal Associations of the State of New 

York. (20) 

2. What internatio7ial saili7ig-C07itest took place i7i the 771071th of 

Septe77tber, i^Sy f What 7iations were represented? What 
vessels participated? How 77tany trials? Which won? 

(20) 

3. Na77ie te7i good books for a teacher's library, and give reaso?ts 

for the selectio7i. (20) 

4. Name the State officers elected in this State in 1887, giving 

the office to w^hich each was elected and the date upon 
which his term of office begins. (20) 

5. Mention the leading manufactures of this county, and locate 

the principal manufacturing establishments. (20) 



2 2 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. Name some of the important inventions that have been 

made by Americans. (lo) 

2. Name the two chief commanders of the American forces 

during the Mexican war. (lo) 

3. What were the prime causes of the War of 181 2? Who 

was President during that war } (20) 

4. Who discovered Florida, and why was the country so named } 

(15) 

5. What is meant by *' a Congress of the United States ".^ (15) 

6. How are judges of the United States Supreme Court chosen } 

What is the length of their term of office ? (15) 

7. When does the House of Representatives elect a President } 

How does it vote.^ (15) 

Algebra. 



1. Reduce to a mixed radical quantity \/ 128x^42*. (20) 

2. Express in the form of a radical quantity the product of |/x 

multiplied by 4 Vx. (20) 

3. Find the value of the unknown quantity in the equation 

;r^ + 2;t- — 44 4- V^"^ + 2x — 44 = 42. (20) 

4. Given x^ -\-y = 189, and ;r + / = 9, to find the values of x 

and y. (20) 

5. Resolve x^ — y^ into four factors. (20) 

Grammar. 

Note.— The Commissioner will retain the following extract and dictate to all 
applicants as a test in Orthography, Penmanship, Capitalization, and Punctuation. 

1 . The office of State Super mtendent of Public Instruction is con- 

tinued, and the ter^n of said office shall be three years, com- 
mencing hereafter on the seventh day of April. Such 
Superintendent shall be elected by joint ballot of the senate 
and assembly, on the second Wednesday of February next 
preceding the expiration of the term of the then incumbent 
of said office, and on the second Wednesday of February 
next after the occurrence of any vacancy in the office, 
{Sec. 2, Title /, chap. 555, Laws of 1864, as amended by 
sec. I, chap. 591, Laws of 1SS6.) (15) 

2. Write the plural of {a) child ; (b) arinful ; [c) brother-in-law ; 

{d) axis ; {e) 7nejnorandum. (10) 

3. What is the differ ejtce i7i meani7ig of the following expressions : 

The girls books ; or the girl 's books f (10) 

4. Which parts of speech are compared ? which declined? ivhich 

conjugated? (10) 

5. Write three short sentences each containing a verb in the 

potential mood, one of which shall denote power, another 
permission, a7id another necessity. (15) 



December, i88t. 23 

6. Analyze, by diagram or otherwise : {a) I do not know what 

he wants, {b) Going home before the regular hour of 
dismissal should not be a frequent occurrence. (20) 

7. Write sentences in which the word "that" shall be used {a) 

as an adjective ; {b) as a relative pronoun ; {c) as a con- 
junction ; {d) as a noun. 



ANSWERS FOR DECEMBER, 1887. 



Arithmetic. 



1. Even; composite; abstract; integral. 

2. Two. 

3. {a) 400.0028; {b) .0009. 

4. $55.20. 

5. 506 107-128 bu. 

6. $1,092.56. 

7. Divide the given interest by the interest on the given principal, for 

the given time, at one per cent per annum. 

Grammar. 

1. No answer required. 

2. (<z) Children; {b) armfuls ? ((t) brothers-in-law; (^) axes; {e) memo- 

randa. 

3. '' The girls' books" means books belonging to two or more girls. 

** The girl's books" means books belonging to one girl only. 

4. Adjectives and adverbs are compared; nouns and pronouns are de- 

clined; verbs are conjugated. 

5. Use r«?/ to denote power; wa-jk to denote permission; and imist to 

denote necessity. 

6. Answer according to any recognized system or standard. 

7. (a) Do you see that man ? {b) The word that I gave will complete 

the sentence, {c) I know that he is here, (d) This that is 
poorly written. 

Geography. 

1. Lake Superior — outlet, St. Mary's River; 

Lake Michigan — outlet, Straits of Mackinaw; 
Lake Huron — outlet, St. Clair River; 
Lake Erie — outlet, Niagara River; 
Lake Ontario — outlet, St. Lawrence River. 

2. Maine extends farthest east; Oregon, farthest west. 

3. {a) Alabama River; (b) James River; {c) Susquehanna River; (d) 

Sacramento river; {e) Wabash River. 

4. (<?) Wheat; {b) tobacco; {c) sugar cane; {d) cotton; {e) corn. 

5. {a) Asia; (b) South America; {c) North America, 



24 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

6. Imaginary lines upon the earth's surface representing the localities 

having the same average temperature. 

7. Upon the annual overflow of the Nile. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Incisors — eight in number; canines — four in number; bicuspids — 

eight; and molars — twelve. 

2. No. They prevent perspiration by causing the moisture to accumu- 

late instead of allowing it to escape as nature designs. 

3. The continued use of alcohol dilates the blood vessels, hardens the 

membranes, and weakens the absorbents; it also absorbs and re- 
tains the moisture from the digestive juices, coagulates and pre- 
cipitates the pepsin, and changes the condition and power of the 
bile. 

4. Carbonaceous foods contain much carbon, and produce animal or 

vital heat in a large degree ; they are less valuable as producers 
of tissue and muscle. Examples — Fat meat, sugar, etc. Nitrog- 
enous foods mainly produce or form tissues and muscles. Ex- 
amples — Cheese, lean meat, whites of eggs, etc. 

5. The tricuspid valve consists of three folds of membrane in the open- 

ing from the right auricle into the right ventricle, and the 
bicuspid valve of two folds of membrane in the opening from the 
left auricle into the left ventricle. These valves are so arranged 
that the blood may pass freely into the ventricles, but they close 
the opening if the blood sets back toward the auricles. 

6. The fats, tissues, and cartilages that form the packing for the joints 

have been largely absorbed, and sickness has prevented their 
replacement by assimilation of food; hence a jar causes a con- 
cussion to the bones, not observed in health. 

7. Fresh air is needed to purify the blood as it passes through the lungs, 

and to carry off the exhalations from the body. 
Air in a room is polluted by breathing, by perspiration, by lights or 
fires, and, in general, by any cause that exhausts the oxygen 
and generates carbonic acid gas. 

General Questions. 

1. The New York State Teachers' Association; the New York State 

Association of School Commissioners and City Superintendents; 
the University Convocation of the State of New York, etc. 

2. The contest for the America's cup; the British and the American; 

the Scotch yacht Thistle, and the American yacht Volunteer; 
two; the Volunteer. 

3. No answer required. 

4. See newspapers. Jan'y i, 1888. 

5. Answer according to locality. 

American History and Civil Government. 

1. No answer required. 

2. Gen. Winfield Scott and Gen. Zachary Taylor. 

3. The impressment of American seamen by the British; the right to 

search American vessels, claimed by the British government 
and denied by the American; and the severe restrictions placed 



December, 1887. 25 

upon American commerce by the British government. James 
Madison. 

4. Ponce De Leon. From its beautiful foliage and blossoming trees 

(Florida meaning yf^ze/t-rj'). 

5. The members of the House of Representatives are chosen every 

even year for the term of two years, and each such term is called 
" a Congress." 

6. They are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 

During life or good behavior. 

7. When no candidate has received a majority of the electoral vote of 

the United States. It votes by States, each State being entitled 
to one vote. 

Methods. 
No answers required. 

School Laws. 

1. («) A notice specifying when and for what purpose the meeting is 

called, to be given to each voter personally, or to be left at his 
place of residence if he cannot be found, at least five days before 
the time designated for the meeting ; {b) only those fully set forth 
in the notice. 

2. {a) By resolution adopted by a majority vote at an annual school 

meeting; {b) by a resolution adopted by a two-third vote at an 
annual school meeting. 

3. A sole trustee has that power, and a board of trustees has that power 

if no one of its members dissents. 

4. Thirty days. 

5. He can if he have the consent of the trustees thereto; otherwise he 

cannot. 

Algebra. 

1. 4Jrj '^2yz, 

2. 4 \^x^. 

3. jf = 8. 

4. .r = 5 or 4; ^ = 4 or 5. 

5. {x -\-y) {x - y) (^2 _ xy +/) {x^ + xy +/). 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
JANUARY, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 

Note.— From this date separate questions were issued for examination for First 
Grade certificates. See regulations at the beginning of the book explaining the 
standing required for second grade and also third grade. 

Note. — The marks for absolutely correct answers are noted at the end of ques- 
tions,— a lesser number of credits may be allowed according to nature of answers 
given. 

Morning. 

Arithmetic. 

1. The product of three factors is 2o|, and two of them are re- 

spectively if and 4f. Required, the third factor. (10) 

2. If I sell goods for $511.29, and thereby gain 9^ per cent of 

their cost, how much is my gain } (10) 

3. Upon w^hat general principle of division is cancellation 

founded? (10) 

4. What is the cube root of a number? (10) 

5. Divide 48 bu. 3 pk. 6 qt. by 9. (10) 

6. What per cent of 7^ is 236^? (10) 

7. Divide §800 among A, B, and C, so that A shall receive $75 

more than B, and B shall receive §68 more than C. (10) 

8. A policy of insurance cost $28, at a rate of I per cent. 

Find the face of the policy. (10) 

9. A box 6 ft. by 3^^ ft. by 2 ft. 8 in. will hold how many 

bushels of wheat ? (10) 
ro. Reduce .04675 mi. to yd. (10) 

Geography. 

1. {a) What large gulf on the western coast of Africa? 

{b) What large river flows into it? (10) 

2. {a) Which pole is now in darkness ? (b) When did it pass 

into darkness ? (10) 

3. To what European government does Greenland belong? 

Cuba? The Bermudas? (10) 

4. What rivers form to unite the Ohio ? the Missouri ? (10) 

5. Which of the grand divisions are peninsulas ? Which is 

composed of islands ? (10) 

6. What are great circles of a sphere ? Small circles ? (10) 

7. Name the islands known as the Greater Antilles. (10) 

26 



January, 1888. 27 

8. Name five important cities on the line of the New York 

Central R. R. (10) 

9. Locate the principal salt works of New York. (10) 

10. Define — water-shed; isthmus; foot-hills; canon; penin- 
sula. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is the term of office in the State of New York of (a) 

the Governor? (d) State Senators? (c) Members of 
Assembly? (^) State Treasurer ? (^) Superintendent of 
Public Instruction ? (20) 

2. (a) Explain the difl^erence between an election by a majority 

and an election by a plurality, (d) Which is required 
for election of a School Commissioner? (20) 

3. If a State has seven electoral votes, how many members of 

the House of Representatives has it ? (20) 

4. What is the title of the chief executive officer of (a) the 

United States? (d) a State? (c) a county? (d) a town 
in this State? (e) a city? (/) a village? (^) a school 
district ? (20) 

5. What officials are elected by the legislature of this State on 

joint ballot ? (20) 

Drawing. 

1. What is geometric drawing? (10) 

2. Define perspective. (10) 

3. Draw an outline of a cube. (20) 

4. Draw a triangle ; a circle ; a parallelogram ; an ellipse ; an 

oval. (30) 

5. Show the application of compound curves in drawing the 

outline of a pitcher ; of a vase. (30) 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

Write a letter to a trustee of a school district, applying for a 
position as teacher, and giving age, experience, educational 
qualifications, and references as to character and ability. (75) 

(See directions for remaining 25 per cent of credits.) 

Grammar. 

1. Name the classes and the modifications of verbs. (10) 

2. Change the expression, " One of his friends told him of the 

arrangement," to the passive form. (10) 

3. Compare (a) happy; {d) near; (c) worse; (d) straight; 

(e) beautiful. (10) 

4. Write the feminine of (a) nephew; (/?) hero; (c) baron; 

(</) benefactor; (^) Paul. (10) 



28 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

5. Which should be first taught, construction or analysis? 

Why? (10) 

6. Write (a) five nouns that have no plural ; (b) five that have 

no singular. (10) 

7. Give the principal parts of the following verbs : {a) blow ; 

{b) break; {c) freeze; {d) cast; {e) pay. (lo) 

8. Define a complex sentence. (10) 

9. Write sentences containing {a) an infinitive phrase ; (b) a 

verb in the potential mood, past tense ; (r) a relative 
clause ; (d) a substantive clause ; {e) a noun used as an 
attribute. (10) 
ID. Analyze, by diagram or otherwise, — (a) We preferred to 
remain at home, {b) To venture in was to die. {c) Green 
is the sod and cold the clay, {d) He looked mild and 
gentle. (lo) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Mention four common causes of colds. (20) 

2. What artery carries dark blood, and what vein bright red 

blood ? (20) 

3. What causes vital heat ? (20) 

4. What is meant by the expression, the right and the lef>. 

heart ? (20) 

5. What is the difference between the material of the bones 

of a child and those of an adult ? (20) 

American History. 

1. By what people was New York settled ? When ? Where ? 

(20) 

2. Name the presidents of the United States who have died 

during their term of office, and the successor of each. (20) 

3. What accessions of territory have the United States secured ? 

From w^hom obtained ? How? (20) 

4. Where was Fort DuQuesne located? Fort Ticonderoga? 

Fort Necessity ? Fort Erie ? (20) 

5. What incidents are recalled by the names, — {a) Cherry 

Valley? {b) Yorktown ? (c) Saratoga? (d) Shiloh ? 
(^) Appomattox ? (20) 

Reading. 

To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Current Topics. 

1. Give a short account of Bismarck. (20) 

2. What event of great political importance to France trans- 

pired during the past month? (20) 

3. What important legislative body convened on the 5th 0/ 

December, 1887 ? (20) 



January, 1888. 29 

4. What were the fates of the seven anarchists who were con- 

victed of complicity in the bomb-throwing at Chicago in 
1886? (20) 

5. Name three educational journals of this State, and state 

where each is published. (20) 



ANSWERS FOR JANUARY, 1888. 



Arithmetic 



T o 119 



2. $53-29. 

3. Dividing both dividend and divisor by the same number does not 

affect the value of the quotient. 

4. One of the three equal factors that will produce the number. 

5. 5 bu. I pk. 6 qt. 

6. 300 per cent. 

7. A receives $339-33i; B, $264. 33^-; C, $196.33^. 

8. $3,200. 

9. 45^ bu. 
10. 82.28 yd. 

Geography. 

1. {a) Gulf of Guinea, {b) The Niger. 

2. {a) The north pole, {b) Sept. 22, 1887. 

3. Greenland belongs to Denmark, Cuba to Spain, and the Bermudas 

to Great Britain. 

4. The Allegheny and the Monongahela; the Jefferson, the Madison, 

and the Gallatin. 

5. South America and Africa; Oceanica. 

6. A great circle of a sphere divides the surface of the sphere into two 

equal parts. — Ex. The equator and the meridian circles. A 
small circle of a sphere divides the surface into two unequal 
parts. — Ex. The parallel circles. 

7. Cuba, Hayti, Porto Rico, and Jamaica. 

8. Albany, Utica, Syracuse, Rochester, and Buffalo. 

9. Near Syracuse, and near vVarsavv, Wyoming Co. 

10. A water-shed is the ridge or elevation between two bodies of water. 
An isthmus is a narrow piece of land connecting two larger 
bodies. Foot-hills are the elevations that are found on approach- 
ing mountains. A canon is a deep, rocky gorge in the moun- 
tains. A peninsula is a portion of land largely surrounded by 
water. 

Civil Government. 

1. {a) Three years, {b) Two years, (t) One year. ' {d) Two years. 

(e) Three years. 

2. {a) A majority is more than one half of all the votes cast, while a 

plurality is more votes than any other candidate receives, {b) A 
plurality only. 



3d Uniform Graded Examination QtiestionS. 

3. Five. 

4. (a) President. (/^) Governor, (r) Sheriff, (d) Supervisor, (e) Mayof* 

(/) President of the village, {g) Trustee. 

5. United States Senators, Superintendent of Public Instruction, and 

Regents of the University. 

Drawing. 

1. Geometric drawing is the representation, upon a plane surface, of 

geometric forms, with respect to their corresponding dimensions. 

2. Perspective is the appearance that any object presents to the eye, 

with respect to form, lights, and shadows. 

3. 4, 5. No answers required. 

Composition. 
No answers required. 

Spelling and Capitalization. 
No answers required. 



See paper on Geography. 



Penmanship. 



Grammar. 



1. Classification: — Finite and infinite, — subject relation. Transitive 

and intransitive, — object relation. Regular and irregular, — 
forms of past tense. Modifications: — Voice, mood, tense, per- 
son, number. 

2. He was told of the arrangement by one of his friends. 
3' Positive. Comparative. Superlative. 

(a) happy happier happiest 

(d) near nearer nearest 

(c) bad worse worst 

(d) straight (cannot logically be compared.) 

(e) beautiful more beautiful most beautiful 

4. (a) Niece; (d) heroine; {c) baroness; {d) benefactress: (e) Pauline. 

5. Construction. Construction is composition; analysis is essentially 

criticism. 

6. Examples. — (a) Business; gold; peace; sleep; hunger, — (/^) Stairs; 

suds; clothes; assets; tidings. 

7' Present. Past. Past Participle. 

(a) blow blew blown 

(d) break broke broken 

{c) freeze froze frozen 

(d) cast cast cast 

(e) pay paid paid 

8. A complex sentence is a sentence that is composed of two or more 

clauses, one of which modifies some part of another clause. 

9. Examples. — (a) I wish to hear from you, — {b) He could read, — 

{c) I was introduced to the lady wJiom you saw there^ — (^) I did 
not know that he was p7'esc7ity — {e) Thou art the man. 
10. No answers required. 



January, 1888. 31 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. No answer required. 

2. The pulmonary artery carries dark blood from the heart to the 

lungs, and the pulmonary vein carries red blood from the lungs 
to the heart. 

3. The chemical action of the oxygen in the blood upon the tissues in 

the capillaries. 

4. The right auricle and right ventricle taken together are known as 

the right heart, i.e., the right side of the heart, — and the left 
auricle and left ventricle as the left heart. 

5. The bones of the child have a larger proportion of cartilage to the 

mineral matter than have those of an adult. 

American History. 

1. By Hollanders, in 1615, on the present sites of New York and 

Albany. 

2. William Henry Harrison, succeeded by John Tyler. Zachary 

Taylor, succeeded by Millard Fillmore. Abraham Lincoln, 
succeeded by Andrew Johnson. James A. Garfield, succeeded 
by Chester A. Arthur. 

3. The Louisiana territory, obtained from the French by purchase; 

Florida, obtained from Spain by purchase; Texas, formerly a 
part of Mexico, annexed upon a vote of its people; California, 
Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and part of Colorado, 
obtained from Mexico by purchase, and in the settlement of the 
Mexican war; Alaska, obtained from Russia by purchase. 

4. Fort DuQuesne was located on the present site of Pittsburgh; 

Fort Ticonderoga, on Lake Champlain; Fort Necessity, nearly 
south of Pittsburgh, in a pass in the Alleghany Mountains, near 
the southern boundary of Pennsylvania; Fort Erie, on the west 
side of Niagara River, near Lake Erie. 

5. {a) The great massacre by the Indians; {b) the surrender of Corn- 

wallis; (c) the surrender of Burgoyne; {d) the great battle of 
Shiloh or Pittsburgh Landing, during the Civil war; {e) the sur- 
render of the army of Northern Virginia, under Lee, to Gen. 
Grant. 

Current Topics. 

1. No answer required. 

2. The resignation of President Grevy, and the subsequent election by 

the French Assembly of President Carnot. 

3. The fiftieth congress of the United States. 

4. Four were hanged, the sentences of two were commuted to im- 

prisonment for life, and one committed suicide. 

5. No answer required. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
FEBRUARY, i; 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 



1. Divide 312.5 by .625. (10) 

2. Define {a) greatest common divisor; {U) common multiple. 

(10) 

3. Required, the cost of 3,000 pounds of oats at 35 cts. per 

bushel (New York standard). (10) 

4. Find the square root of 3, correct to three decimal places. 

(10) 

5. Find the difference and the product of 17^ and iif. (10) 

6. Multiply 3 bu. 3 pks. 3 qts. by 27. (10) 

7. Reduce ^ a. to integers of lower denominations. (10) 

8. What is the true present worth of S977.60, due 3 mo. 20 da. 

hence, discounted at the rate of 6 per cent per annum } 
(10) 

9. 25 per cent of the selling price of an article is profit. Re- 

quired, the per cent of gain on its cost. (10) 
10. Find the diameter of a circle 165 feet in circumference. 
(10) 

Geography. 

1. Name and locate the five largest cities in this State. 

2. There are ten seas in and around Europe; name them. 

3. Name, in order, the ten States that touch the Mississippi 

River, beginning at its source. 

4. Name four States in which coal is found in abundance. 

5. Describe the shortest all-water route from New Orleans to 

Borneo. 

6. On what geographical circle are the days and nights always 

of equal length } 

7. Why is the climate of Northern Europe warmer than that 

of North America in the same latitude ? 

8. Name ia) the three most northerly counties of this State; 

(p) the most easterly county; ic) the most southerly 
county ; {d^ the most westerly county. 

9. Name and locate five large European cities. 

10. Name the largest river of Africa that flows westerly. 

52 



February, 1888. 2)?) 

Civil Government. 

1. Mention one duty of each of the following officers: {a) 

Justice of the Peace; (b) Supervisor; {c) County Clerk; 
{d) Member of Assembly. (40) 

2. How is a Supervisor elected ? For how long time ? (20) 

3. Mention two duties of the District Clerk, and two of the 

Collector. (20) 

4. What is the chief duty of the Lieutenant-Governor of this 

State? fio) 

5. How is the number of members of the United States Senate 

determined } (10) 

Drawing. 

Examinations in Drawing will be omitted until after summer 
vacation. 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

1. Should A. S. Draper, Superintendent of Public Instruction, 

ask you for your opinion, fully and freely expressed, of 
the comparative merits of the system of Uniform Ex- 
aminations for Commissioners' Certificates and the 
system formerly practised, what would be your reply .^ 
(Write out a copy of your letter to him, complete as to 
form and matter.) 

Orthography, 10; Punctuation, 10; Form, 10; Cor- 
rectness and propriety of language, 25. (55) 

2. Write a sentence, using the word "flowed," and another, 

using the word *' flown." (10) 

3. Write a sentence, using the word ** struck," and another, 

using the word "stricken." (10) 

Grammar. 

Old Time, in whose bank we deposit our notes, 

Is a miser who always wants guineas for groats : 

He keeps all his cusiomei s still in arrears 

By lending them minutes and charging them years. — Holmes. 

1. Mention the principal and the subordinate clauses in the 

first two lines of the above extract. 

2. State the modifiers of Time. 

3. What are the simple subjects of all the clauses in the entire 

selection } What are the simple predicates.^ 

4. Give case of banky miser, customers^ jnijiutes, them. 

5. Parse le^iding. 

6. Give the four principal parts of the verbs sit and lay. 

7. Illustrate by examples three different uses of the apostrophe. 

8. Illustrate by sentence the use of the subjunctive mood. 



34 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

9. Write a sentence containing a clause used as an object. 
10. Write a sentence having an infinitive used as subject. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. (a) Of how many parts is the vertebral column composed ? 

(J?) What common name is applied to all the parts ? (20) 

2. (a) Where is the spinal cord located ? (b) In what part of 

the spinal cord is the ^ray matter? (20) 

3. Explain why cleanliness of the skin is conducive to health } 

(20) 

4. What is the office of the saliva ia) in mastication } (U) in 

digestion } (20) 

5. What argument would you employ to convince a man of 

his error if he used alcoholic drinks, believing he would 
thereby be better able to endure exposure in cold weather } 
(20) 

American History. 

1. Give name and location of each of the five tribes of Indians 

known as the Iroquois. (30) 

2. Mention three oppressive acts of the British Parliament, 

which are considered causes of the American Revolu- 
tion. (15) 

3. Name the Atlantic States which were among the original 

thirteen States. (25) 

4. Name three prominent Centennial Celebrations by the 

people of the United States, and give the date of each. 
(20) 

5. What State is called the " Centennial " State } Why so 

called.^ (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Current Topics. 

1. What Territory desires to be divided and admitted to the 

Union as States ? (20) 

2. Mention one important recommendation in the last Mes- 

sage of the President. (20) 

3. Name the Associate Justice of the Supreme Court nomi- 

nated by the President and confirmed by the Senate the 
present session. (20) 

4. What was the recommendation of the Commission to the 

present Legislature, on the mode of executing the death 
penalty } (20) 

5. With what great national measure is Gladstone identified .- 

(20) 



February y 1888. 35 



ANSWERS FOR FEBRUARY, 1888. 



Arithmetic. 



1. 500. 

2. (a) The greatest number that is an exact divisor of two or more 

given numbers; (d) any number of which two or more given 
numbers are exact divisors. 

3. $32.Sii. 

4- 1-732+ 

5. Difference, 5y%; product, 2oi^|. 

6. 103 bu. 3 pks. I qt. 

7. 97 sq. rds. ii sq. yds. 7 sq. ft. 923^3 sq. in. 

8. $960. 

9- 33i per cent. 
10. 52 ft. 6 in. 

Geography. 

1. New York, at the mouth of the Hudson; Brooklyn, on the west; 

end of Long Island; Albany, on the west bank of the Hudson 
Rochester, on Genesee River; Buffalo, on Lake Erie. 

2. White, Caspian, Black, Marmora, Archipelago, Adriatic, Mediter- 

^ranean, Irish, North, Baltic. 

3. Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennes- 

see, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana. 

4. Four of the following: Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 

Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia. 

5. Through Gulf of Mexico, across the Atlantic, around Cape of Good 

Hope, and through the Indian Ocean. 

6. The Equator. 

7. Because of the Gulf Stream and the prevalence of westerly winds. 

8. (a) St. Lawrence, Franklin, Clinton; [d) Suffolk; (c) Richmond; (d) 

Chautauqua. 

9. Any five of the following: London, on the Thames; Paris, on the 

Seine; Liverpool, on the Mersey; St. Petersburg, on the Neva; 
Berlin, on the Spree; Vienna, on the Danube; Frankfort, on the 
Oder; Rome, on the Tiber. 
10. The Niger. 

Civil Government. 

1. (a) To issue his warrant for the arrest of persons charged with crime; 

(d) to hold and pay out the public-school moneys upon the 
order of school trustees; (c) to record deeds, mortgages, etc., 
in the proper books kept in his office; (c/) to assist in making 
new laws and in revising old ones. 

2. By the voters of the town at the annual town meeting; for one year. 

3. To record the proceedings at each school meeting, and to issue 

jiotices of such meetings. To collect school taxes, and to hold 



36 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

moneys raised by tax until ordered to pay them out by the school 
trustee. 

4. To preside over the sessions of the Senate. 

5. There are two elected from each of the thirty-eight States of the 

Union. 

Composition. 
No answers required. 

Spelling and Capitalization. 
No answers required. 

Penmanship. 
See paper on Geography. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clause, Old Time is a miser. Subordinate clauses: {a) In 

whose bank we deposit our notes; [b] Who always wants guineas 
for groats. 

2. Time is modified by {a) the adjective old; {b) the adjective clause, 

In whose bank we deposit our notes; {c) the predicate noun (at- 
tribute) viiser. 

3. Simple subjects: («) Time, (b) we, (<:) who, {d) he. Simple predicates: 

{a) is miser; {b) deposit; {e) wants; {d) keeps. 

4. (rt-) Bank, objective case; {b) mis^r , predicate nominative; (r) customers, 

objective case; {d) minutes, objective case; {e) them, objective case. 

5. Verb; principal parts, leftd, lent, lending, lent; irregidar; transitive ; 

participle; present tense; also used like a noun, objective case, ob- 
ject of the preposition by. — \N^ote. — Some would simply say: 
Fresejit participle and object of by.^ 

6. Sit, sat, sitting, sat. 

Lay, laid, laying, laid. 

7. {a) John s book. ' Tis true. He does not pronounce his r's, 

8. //he had gone, I would have remained. 

g. The sentinel said, " Who goes there?'' Or, He thought that he 
would go. 
10. " To die for one's country is sweet and glorious." 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. {a) 24. {jb) Vertebrae. 

2. \a) It extends through the middle of the spinal column, {b) The 

inner part. 

3. It keeps the pores free from obstruction, giving free exit for ex- 

cretions. 

4. {a) It softens and lubricates the food; (/^) it changes starch to 

sugar. 

5. Though the circulation would be stimulated, causing him to feel 

warmer at first, a reaction would ensue and he would suffer more 
from cold than if he abstained from the use of the stimulant, 



February, 1888. 37 

American History. 

1. Mohawks, Oneidas, Onondagas, Cayugas, and Senecas. Mohawks 

in territory centring in Herkimer county, and the others in the 
counties bearing their several names. 

2. Navigation act, Importation act, Stamp act. 

3. New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New 

York, New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Caro- 
lina, South Carolina, Georgia. 

4. The Centennial Exposition, 1876; Yorktown, 1881 ; the adoption 

cf the Constitution, 1887. 

5. Colorado — because it was admitted to the Union in 1876. 

Current Topics. 

1. Dakota. 

2. Reduction of the revenue by removing the tax from certain articles. 

3. L. Q. C. Lamar. 

4. That in cases of capital punishment, death by electricity be substi- 

tuted for death by hanging. 

5. With home rule in Ireland. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
MARCH, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 



1. Find the prime factors of 72, 80 and 96 ; select from all these 

factors those whose product will give the L. C. M. of 72, 
80 and 96. (10) 

2. A cubic foot of water weighs 62.356 pounds; silver is 10. 511 

times heavier than water ; find the weight of 2^ cubic 
feet of silver. (10) 

3. What part of an acre is ^V ^^ ^ square rod } Express the 

answer decimally. (10) 

4. What will it cost to fill a jug, which contains 2,310 cubic 

inches, with vinegar at seven cents a quart } (10) 

5. Five men do as much work as eight boys ; what per cent of 

a man's work does a boy accomplish } What per cent of 
a boy's work does a man accomplish } (10) 

6. Draw — on a separate slip of paper — a (i) note which shall 

be (2) negotiable, its (3) face, seventy-five dollars, its (4) 
time, six months, its (5) maker, John Doe, its (6) payee, 
Richard Roe, its (7) date, Jan. 3, 1888, its (8) place of 
payment, at the First National Bank of Albany, (9) not 
bearing interest. Properly indorse it to John Jones. (20) 

7. Find the proceeds of the note above described, discounted 

at a bank January 3, 1888. (20) 

8. Express in proper form a true proportion whose extreme 

shall be nine feet and $22.50. (10) 

Geography. 

1. Name the lakes on which the following villages are situated, 

respectively: (i) Plattsburgh, (2) Penn Yan, (3) Coopers- 
town, (4) Geneva, (5) Canandaigua. (10) 

2. In what river basins are the following cities located, respec- 

tively : (i) Toronto, (2) Minneapolis, (3) Salem, (4) Tren- 
ton, (5) Hartford .> (10) 

3. Name three states and two territories that border on Ne- 

braska. (10) 

4. What is the latitude and longitude of a point that is 180°, 

measured on a great circle, from a point that is north 
latitude 40° and west longitude 70° } (10) 

38 



March, 1888. 39 

5. Name five countries bordering on the Argentine Republic 

or Laplata. (10) 

6. Into what bodies of water do the following rivers flow, re- 

spectively : Loire, Dwina, Ganges, Brazos, Merrimac? 
(10) 

7. Name the bodies of water in which the following islands 

are located respectively : Jamaica, Anticosti, Mauritius, 
Isle of Man, Gothland. (10) 

8. Name five seas that touch Russia in Europe. (10) 

9. What is a delta? How do deltas grow? Name three large 

rivers that have large deltas. (10) 
10. What river basin has the most luxuriant vegetable growth 
of any on the American continent ? Give two causes for 
this. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is the title of the presiding ofiicer of the House of 

Representatives ? How is he chosen ? (10) 

2. What is the title of the presiding officer of the United States 

Senate ? How is he chosen ? (10; 

3. Which of the president's cabinet is charged with adminis- 

stration of foreign affairs? (10) 

4. Why should the constitution forbid the passage of an ex 

post facto la w ? (10) 

5. What is the highest military title in our country ? (10) 

6. How are governors of territories appointed ? (10) 

7. What is a congressional district? (10) 

8. Why is greater honor attached to the office of state senator 

than to that of member of assembly ? (10) 

9. What limitations do the national and state constitutions 

place upon the appointing powers of the chief executives ? 
(10) 
10. In what way do the national and state constitutions make 
chief executives responsible for legislation? (10) 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 
I. Write a description of a lake which you have visited, or 
which you may imagine yourself to have visited, referring 
to the following points of interest : Location, dimensions, 
basin, outlet, navigation, fisheries, surrounding scenery, 
other points that may occur to you. 

Completeness with which the subject is treated. (15) 
Clearness of the description. (15) 
Grammatical correctness of language. (15) 
Use of capitals and punctuation. (15) 
Orthography and general appearance. (15) 
For remaining 25 per cent see directions. 



40 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Grammar. 

1. Conjugate the verb ''£'o" in the subjunctive present. (lo) ' 

2. Write the possessive plural of the following nouns : IVoman, 

fox, sheep, turkey, lady. (lo) 

3. Write the possessive singular of the following pronouns: 

//, she, /, which, whosoever. (10) 

4. Write the comparative form of each of the following ad- 

jectives and adverbs : Evil, well, little, 7iigh, hi7id. (10) 

5. Write a sentence containing a relative pronoun in the ob- 

jective case. (10) 

6. Analyze the following sentence : '* And he called one of the 

servants and asked what these things meant." Express 
your analysis by diagram or otherwise. (10) 

7. In the above sentence, what is the object of the verb 

'' asked''? Of the verb " meant f (10) 

8. Explain the syntax of " that " in the following sentence : 

** A man of polite imagination is let into a great many 
pleasures that the vulgar are not capable of receiving." 
(10) 

9. Explain the syntax of ''capable'' in the same sentence. (10) 
10. Explain the syntax of ''receiving" in the same sentence. 

(10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Describe the mucous membrane. (10) 

2. Where is the larynx located } (10) 

3. How are the tones of the voice modulated, as to pitch .^ 

(10) 

4. What exchange of gases takes place in the lungs? (10) 

5. Describe the aorta. (10) 

6. Name five fluids which are agents in digesting the food. 

(20) 

7. What fluid contains pepsin } What ofhce is performed by 

the pepsin ? (10) 

8. What effect is supposed to be produced upon the pepsin 

when alcohol is taken into the stortiach } (10) 

9. Describe the pia mater. (10) 

American History. 

1. Of what church were the earliest settlers of Maryland ? Of 

Pennsylvania.^ (10) 

2. What circumstances led to the colonization of Rhode Isl- 

and.^ (10) 

3. By what war did Great Britain acquire Canada.^ (10) 

4. In what body was the general government of the colonies 

lodged during the American revolution ? (10) 

5. Why was the battle of Saratoga so important in its conse- 

quences .^ (10) 



March, 1888. 41 

6. What brilliant victory is associated with the name of Oliver 

Hazard Perry? In what way was that victory gained ? 
(10) 

7. By what war did the United States make the largest acquisi- 

tion of territory? What states and territories have since 
been formed of this territory ? (20) 

8. Who were the respective commanders of the Union and 

Confederate forces in the battle of Antietam ? Of Get^ 
tysburg ? (20) 

Reading. 

To be supplied by the commissioner. 

Current Topics. 

1. What illustrious American scientist died in January, 1888 ? 

(10) 

2. What famous English actor is now in America ? (10) 

3. What publication relating to school affairs is soon to be 

sent to every school district in this State ? (10) 

4. State some fact or incident of which you have read relating 

to a great storm in Dakota or Nebraska. (10) 

5. What is the name of the great Irish leader in the British 

parliament? (10) 

6. What is, probably, the question to be most discussed in the 

approaching presidental campaign ? (10) 

7. What distinguished w^oman astronomer is a professor in 

one of our American colleges? What is the name of the 
college referred to? (10) 

8. Why is the freshman class at Cornell larger than any previ- 

ous class ? (10) 

9. What two changes have recently been made in the presi- 

dent's cabinet? (10) 
10. Describe an eclipse that has occurred this year. (10) 





ANSWERS FOR MARCH, 1888. 


I. 

2. 

3. 

4- 

5- 
6. 

7- 
8. 


Arithmetic 

72 = 2X2X2X3X3. 80= 2X2X2X2X5,9^^ = 2X2X2X2X2X3 

L. C. M. of 72, 80 and 96 - 2X2X2X2X2X3X3X5. 
1529.3286-I- pounds. 
.000072-I-. 
$2.80. 
62^^, 160^. 
Answer not needed. 
$72 71. 
Answers, various. 



4^ Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Geography. 

1. (i) Champlain, (2) Keuka, (3) Otsego, (4) Seneca, (5) Canandaigua. 

2. (i) St. Lawrence, (2) Mississippi, (3) Columbia, (4) Delaware, (5) 

Connecticut. 

3. Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado; Dakota, Wyoming. 

4. S. Lat. 40°, E. Lon. 110°. 

5. Chili, Bolivia, Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay. 

6. Bay of Biscay, White Sea, Bay of Bengal, Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic 

Ocean. 

7. Caribbean Sea, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Indian Ocean, Irish Sea, 

Baltic Sea. 

8. White Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Sea of Azov, Caspian Sea. 

9. A triangular piece of land between two mouths of the same river. 

Deltas are formed by deposits of earth carried down by the river. 
Third answer, various. 
10. The basin of the Amazon: because of the warm climate and abun- 
dant rains. 

Civil Government. 

1. The Speaker; by the Members of the House. 

2. The Vice-President; by electors chosen by the people. 

3. The Secretary of State. 

4. Because it would be unjust to condemn a man for violating a law 

not in existence at the time the act was committed. 

5. Gene7'al. 

6. By the President with the approval of the Senate. 

7. A portion of a State entitled by law to send a representative to 

Congress. 

8. Because he represents a much larger constituency, and he is elected 

for a longer term. 

9. His appointments must be approved by the Senate, 
10. It gives them the power of veto. 

Composition. 

Answers cannot be prepared. 

Grammar. 

1. Singular, — if I go, if thou go, if he go. Plural, — if we go, if you 

go, if they go. 

2. Women's, foxes', sheep's, turkeys', ladies'. 

3. Its, her, my or mine, whose, whosesoever. 

4. Worse, better, less, nigher, hinder. 

5. Various answers. 

6. Answer not needed. 

7. What these thijigs meant. What. 

8. In the objective case after receiving. 

9. It belongs to Vulgar. 

10. In the objective case after of. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. It is a continuation of the skin of a more delicate texture, lining 

the alimentary canal and all the cavities opening from it. 

2. At the upper extremity of the windpipe. 



March, 1888. 43 

3. By stretching or relaxing the vocal cords. 

4. Oxygen of the air enters the blood and carbonic acid in the blood 

enters the air. 

5. It is the great artery that conducts the purified blood from the left 

ventricle of the heart. 

6. Saliva, gastric juice, bile, pancreatic juice, intestinal fluid. 

7. The gastric juice. It dissolves the albuminoids of the food. 

8. It is supposed to coagulate it. 

9. It is a membrane enveloping the brain, protecting it and distribut- 

ing blood to the brain through its many blood vessels. 

American History. 

1. The Roman Catholic, the Quaker Church. 

2. The banishment of Roger Williams from Massachusetts for heresy. 

3. The French and Indian war. 

4. The continental congress. 

5. Because it led to the surrender of Burgoyne, and that event led to 

the recognition of the United Colonies as a nation by France. 

6. The naval victory on lake Erie in the war of 1812. 

7. By the Mexican war, California, Nevada, Colorado, Texas, Utah, 

Arizona, New Mexico. 

8. McClellan and Lee, Meade and Lee. 

Current Topics. 

1. Prof. Gray. 

2. Irving. 

3. The Code of Public Instruction. 

4. Various answers. 

5. Parnell. 

6. The tariff question. 

7. Maria Mitchell, Vassar College. 

8. Because of a new law in relation to free scholarship allowing sub- 

stitutes from districts not otherwise represented. 

9. Mr. Vilas has been transferred to the charge of the interior depart- 

ment and Mr. D. Dickinson has been appointed in his place. 
10. A total eclipse of the moon occurred on the evening of January 28. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
MARCH 13 AND 14, 1888. 



FIRST GRADE, 



First Day— Morning. 

Arithmetic. 

1. Express by words 234,506.234. (10) 

2. State the principles that you would teach in multiplication. 

(10) 

3. State two principles that you would teach in greatest com- 

mon divisor. (10) 

4. Given, the dividend, quotient, and remainder, to find the 

divisor, state the process. (10) 

5. Given, rate, time, and interest, to find principal. State rule 

or formula. (10) 

6. Define (a) the unit of a fraction ; {b) a fractional unit. (10) 

7. Define (a) ratio ; {b) proportion. (10) 

8. A ship's chronometer, set at Greenwich, points to 5 h. 40 

min. 20 sec. P. M., when the sun is on the meridian. 
What is the ship's longitude ? (10) 

9. What is the difference between the true and the bank dis- 

count of $950 for three months, at 7 per cent } (10) 
10. A rectangular park, the sides of which are respectively 45 
rods and 60 rods long, has a walk crossing it from corner 
to corner. How long is the walk.^ (10) 

Geography. 

1. What nation controls the Suez canal ? What waters does 

it connect } (10) 

2. Name five valuable articles of commerce exported from 

Africa. (10) 

3. Through what waters would a ship pass in going from the 

city of Buffalo, the most direct way, to the Atlantic 
ocean .^ (10) 

4. Name three important lines of railroad over which you may 

pass from Chicago to San Francisco. (10) 

5. Name a city where the days and nights are exactly equal 

throughout the year. (10) 

6. Name ten cities located in the following counties of this 

44 



March 13 and 14, 1888, 45 

State : Chautauqua, Oneida, Broome, Monroe, Dutchess, 
Kings, Ulster, Chemung. (10) 

7. Name five countries of Europe bordering on the Mediter- 

ranean sea. (10) 

8. Locate the Philippine Islands; the Sandwich Islands. (10) 

9. V>tfiXi^ plateau; watershed. (lo) 

10. If an isothermal line were drawn from the east coast of 
North America through the British islands to Norway, 
where would it be in highest latitude, in America, in 
Great Britain, or in Norway.^ Where would it be in 
lowest latitude } (10) 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

1. Write a sentence, using the word rise, and another, using 

the word raise. (10) 

2. Write a sentence, using the w^ord do7ie, and another, using 

the word set. (10) 

3. Write a description of some industry, or a branch of some 

industry, with which you are well acquainted, speaking 
of (i) its location and adva7itages of location; (2) the 
history of the factory or establishment ; (3) the condition 
of the workmen or employees ; (4) the benefits or injury 
it brings to the vicinity in which it is located. 
Credits as follows : 

For correctness of form and language. Oo) 

For correctness of punctuation. (10) 

For correctness of spelling, and capitals. (10) 

For excellence of composition. (25) 

As provided in general regulations. (25) 

Grammar. 

You hear that boy laughing ? You think he's all fun ; 
But the angels laugh, too, at the good he has done ; 
The children laugh loud as they troop at his call, 
And the poor man that knows him, laughs loudest of all. 

—O. W. Holmes. 

1. Which are the principal clauses ? (10) 

Note.— In naming a clause, it is sufficient to give only simple subject and simple 
predicate. 

2. Name the subordinate clauses, indicating whether they are 

adjective, adverbial, or objective. (10) 

3. Write synopsis of hear, i. e., give first person, singular, in 

the indicative mode passive voice. (10) 

4. Parse laughing and/////. (10) 

5. Illustrate by sentences two different uses of what, and ex- 

plain their use grammatically. (10) 

6. Name five offices of a noun that a clause may perform. (10) 



46 Uniform Graded Examination Questions* 

7. Illustrate, by sentences, the above uses. (10) 

8. Write a sentence containing a participle, an adverb, a Verb 

in the passive voice, and a relative pronoun. Underline 
the parts indicated above. (10) 

9. Write a sentence having 2l participle modifying the subject, 

and an i7ifinitive used as the object of a verb. (10) 
10. In the sentence. He wa7ited Miss Sinith to lend him her pen- 
cil, what is the object of wanted? (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Name three functions or offices of the skin. (10) 

2. Name the vessels by which the blood passes from the right 

side of the heart to the left. (10) 

3. What danger is there in encouraging children to walk at 

too early an age } (10) 

4. Why do alcoholic stimulants make the stomach feel well .^ 

Why not use them for that purpose } (10) 

5. Of what use is the hair that grows in the nostrils } Of 

what use is the ear wax ? (10) 

6. Why does a hot foot-bath relieve headache? (10) 

7. Describe a ball and socket joint and give two examples. 

(10) 

8. What is the name of the poisonous element in tobacco ? 

(10) 

9. What substance in the body is harder than bone.^ (10) 
10. What is chyle .^ (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What legal requirement must county officers comply with 

before entering upon the duties of their offices } (10) 

2. What is a deed } A mortgage? (10) 

3. What is the highest United States court ? Of how many 

judges is it composed ? (10) 

4. In which branch of Congress must bills for raising revenue 

originate ? (10) 

5. What is the fundamental law of this State ? Of the United 

States ? (10) 

6. What is meant by the " elective franchise " ? Name two 

classes who are wholly deprived of it. (10) 

7. State two similarities existing between the government of 

this State and that of the United States. (10) 

8. What is the difTerence in the manner of choosing the judges 

of the courts of this State, and those of the United States 
courts? (10) 

9. Where does the treaty-making power in the United States 

Government reside ? (10) 
10. What is a corporation? Name two kinds. (10) 



March 13 and 14, 1888. 47 

Second Day — Morning. 

American History. 

1. Of what nationality was De Soto? What discovery did he 

make? (10) 

2. Why was Virginia thus named, and where was its first 

settlement? (10) 

3. In what colony and in what year was slavery introduced 

into the United States? (10) 

4. Who was William Penn ? What State did he found? (10) 

5. Give the names of three persons prominent in inciting the 

colonists to rebel against England. (10) 

6. Name four distinguished generals who afterward became 

Presidents of the United States. (10) 

7. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? When and by 

whom was it issued? (10) 

8. With what nation have we a treaty restricting immigration ? 

9. Name two distinguished foreigners who assisted the colo- 

nists during the Revolutionary War. (10) 
10. Give a brief sketch of the life of (a) Lincoln ; (d) Seward. 
(10) 

Algebra. 

1. Define Algebra. Define an equation. (10) 

2. State the axiom that applies to the transposition of a term 

from one member of an equation to the other. (10) 
(a) When the term is a positive quantity ; 
(d) When the term is a negative quantity. 

3. Explain the difference between the two algebraic expres- 

d — c , b — c , . 
sions, a + and a — ■ (10) 

X X 

4. Show that — y (in — x) — (x — 711) y. (10) 

— a^ 

5. Prove that = ^^ (10) 

— a 

6.f!^X^=:? (10) 

y y 

8. Find the value of the unknown quantity in the equation 

jr^ X X , . 
1 = 20 (10) 

3 5 4 

9, Find two numbers whose sum is 40 and whose difference is 

16. Give full solution. (10) 
JQ, A boatman who can row 12 miles per hour in still water, is 



48 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

7 hours in rowing to a certain point up the river, and 5 
hours in returning. At what rate per hour does the 
river flow? Give full solution. (10) 

Current Topics. 

1. What is the name of the presiding officer of the Senate of 

this State? Of the Assembly? (10) 

2. What portion of our State Capitol has been condemned as 

unsafe? Why? (10) 

3. Name two territories which are asking for admission to the 

Union, as States. (10) 

4. In what cities respectively are the two great political parties 

to hold their next national convention ? (10) 

5. What is the principal feature of the Crosby Bill ? (10) 

6. What Englishman is known as the "grand old mxan"? (10) 

7. What important educational bill has recently passed the 

United States Senate? (10) 

8. What interoceanic canal is now in process of construction ? 

(10) 

9. What brave act did Miss Freeman, a western teacher, re- 

cently perform ? (10) 
10. Who is the oldest monarch of Europe ? (10) 

Afternoon. 

Book-Keeping. 

1. Rule form of {a) day book ; {b) ledger. (20) 

2. James Miller bought of us on account, March 10, 1888, 10 

lb. sugar at 7i cts., 2 bu. potatoes at 60 cts., 50-lb. sack 
of flour, S1.70, 3 bars of soap, 25 cts., \ lb. tea at 80 cts., 
and \ gal. N. O. molasses at 90 cts. March 14, 1888, he 
pays us on account $2.50. 
Enter the foregoing in the ruled form of daybook and post 
to the ruled form of ledger. (40) 

3. If A and B keep accounts with each other, the items on the 

Cr. side of the account kept by B will be found where in 
the account kept by A ? (10) 

4. What cash items are entered in the Dr. column of the cash- 

book ? (10) 

5. What is meant by the book of original etttry ? (10) 

6. We receive $25 of Amos Brovvm this day and place. Write 

him a receipt for the same. (10) 

School Law. 

I. Who is at the head of the school affairs of the State ? Of 
the county? Of the school district? Of the school- 
room ? (20) 



March 13 and 14, 1888. 49 

2. State briefly the provisions of the law of 1887 relative to 

the employment and pay of teachers. (20) 

3. What is the salary of a School Commissioner? How may 

it be increased ? (20) 

4. State within what degree of relationship is a trustee pro- 

hibited from employing a teacher, except by vote of a 
district meeting. (20) 

5. State the provisions of the new law in respect to school out- 

buildings. (20) 

Physics. 

1. By diagram illustrate two kinds of levers. (10) 

2. How many valves are necessary for a common lifting pump ? 

In which direction do they open ? (10) 

3. Define iinpenetr ability and iiiertia, (10) 

4. Upon what principle does a common thermometer indicate 

changes of temperature? (10) 

5. Why will cold water poured upon a hot stove lid be likely 

to break it? (10) 

6. When you invert a tumbler full of water covered with a 

paper, what sustains the water? (10) 

7. Why does a tea-spoon standing in a tumbler of water ap- 

pear bent? (10) 

8. What causes dew ? (10) 

9. Why will smoke rise more readily on some days than on 

others? (10) 
10. Why will shavings ignite more readily than large pieces of 
wood ? (10) 

Methods. 

1. Explain your method of teaching beginners to read. (20) 

2. What is the synthetic method of teaching Geography ? (20) 

3. Explain the process of dividing one fraction by another. 

(20) 

4. What results should be secured by map-drawing ? (20) 

5. State two good rules to be observed in criticising pupils in 

class-work. (20) 



50 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 



ANSWERS FOR MARCH 13 and 14, 1888. 



FIRST GRADE. 



Note.— It will be seen that the answers printed below are, in many cases, merely 
suggestive. Examiners will not be confined to the precise form or substance ex- 
cept where exact answers are required. 

Arithmetic. 

1. Two hundred thirty-four thousand, five hundred six, and two 

hundred thirty-four thousandths. 

2. {a.) The multiplier must be regarded as an abstract number. 
\b.) The multiplicand and product must be like numbers. 

Ic.) Either of the factors may be used as multiplicand or multi- 
plier when both are abstract. 

3. Any two of the five following: 

(^.) A common divisor of two numbers is an exact divisor of their 

sum. 
(<^.) A common divisor of two numbers is an exact divisor of their 

difference. 
(c.) An exact divisor divides any number of times its dividend. 
(d,) The greatest common divisor of two or more numbers con- 
tains all the prime factors of those numbers and no others. 
{e.) The greatest common divisor of two numbers is either their 
difference or some factor of their difference. 
5. Divide the given interest by the interest of $1, or by the rate on $1, 

for the given time at the given rate. 
6-7. See text-books. 

8. 85° 5' west. 

9. 29 cents. 
10. 75 rd. 

Geography. 

1. Great Britain. The Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. 

2. Any five from the following: gold, ivory, gums, valuable woods, 

ostrich feathers, palm oil, spices, sugar, diamonds, wool, hides. 

3. Lake Erie, Welland Canal, Lake Ontario, St. Lawrence River, 

Gulf of St. Lawrence. 

4. Northern Pacific, Central Pacific, Southern Pacific. 

5. Quito. 

6. Dunkirk, Jamestown, Utica, Rome, Binghamton, Rochester, 

Poughkeepsie, Brooklyn, Kingston, Elmira. 

7. Spain, France, Italy, Turkey, Greece. 

8. Philippine Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, off the coast of China; 

Sandwich Islands, in the Pacific Ocean, west of North America. 

9. A plateau is an elevated plain; a water-shed is a ridge or divide 

between two river basins. 
10. Its latitude would be highest in Norway and lowest in America, 



March 13 and 14, 1888. S-f 

Composition. 
Answers to questions on composition admit of so much variety that it 
would not be practicable to furnish them. 

Grammar. 

1. You hear; You think; angels laugh; children laugh; man laughs. 

2. He's fun objective; (which) he has done, adjective; as they troop, 

adverbial; that knows, adjective. 

3. Indicative mood: 

Present tense, I am heard. 

Past tense, I was heard. 

Future tense, I shall (will) be heard. 

Present perfect tense, I have been heard. 

Past perfect tense, I had been heard. 

Future perfect tense, I shall (will) have been heard. 

4. Laughing is a verb, regular, transitive by addition of at, active 

voice, participle, or participial mode, present tense, used like an 
adjective, modifies the noun boy. 
Fun is a noun, common, third person, singular number, neuter 
gender, predicate noun, (attribute) and agrees with the subject, 
he in the nominative case. 

5. No answer furnished as so many are possible. 

6. {a.) Subject of verb. 
{b.) Object of verb. 

{c.) Object of preposition. 

{d:) Appositive. 

{e.) Attribute (noun in predicate). 

7. Examples: 

(a.) '' Who q-oes there P'* was said by the sentinel. 

(b.) He said, '' I will go r 

(^.) The success of the expedition depends upon who the coin- 

mander is. 
(d.) He gave the answer, " / a/n sorry." 
(e) The fact is that he did not study. 

8. Example, *' The traveler being pressed closely by the dog, which 

seemed to grow more vicious, turned quickly and threw his hat 
at him, by which the cur was completely terrified.'^ 

9. Example, John preferring to play, did not study. 
10. Object, Miss Smith to lend him her peticil. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Protection, excretion, absorption. 

2. Pulmonary arteries, pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary veins. 

3. The danger that the legs will become crooked because the bones 

are then so flexible. 

4. Because they intensify the vital action and flow of blood. Because 

this unnatural stimulation leads to overaction and disease. 

5. It protects the nasal cavity from dust and any other substance that 

might be drawn in with the breath. It protects the ear drum 
from insects. 

6. Because it causes the blood to circulate freely in the lower extremi- 

ties and so relieves congestion of the bloQv^ in the brain. 



52 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestiom. 

7. It consists of a socket at the end of one bone, and a ball fitting into 

it at the end of the other bone, the shoulder-joint and the hip- 
joint. 

8. Nicotine. 

9. The enamel of the teeth. 

10. It is the food after it has undergone the processes of digestion. 

Civil Government. 

1. They must take the oath of office. 

2. A conveyance of the ownership of land by one party to another, 

etc. An instrument giving security upon property for the pay- 
ment of money due. 

3. The Supreme Court. Nine. 

4. House of Representatives. 

5. The Constitution of the State of New York. The Constitution of 

the United States. 

6. Freedom to vote at all elections where qualified by law. Any two 

of the following: Minors. Persons convicted of State prison 
offenses. Indians not taxed. Aliens. 

7. No definite answer can be given here. 

8. In this State they are elected by the people, except in case of 

vacancy in office. In the United States they are appointed by 
the President and confirmed by the Senate, 
g. With the President and Senate. 

10. A society of persons authorized by law to transact business as an 
individual. 

American History. 

1. A Spaniard. The Mississippi River. 

2. After the '' Virgin Queen" of England, at Jamestown. 

3. Virginia, i6ig. 

4. A celebrated English Quaker. Pennsylvania. 

5. No definite answer can be given here. Patrick Henry, Joseph 

Otis, Samuel Adams, etc. 

6. Washington, Jackson, Taylor, and Grant. 

7. A proclamation declaring all the slaves, in the United States, free 

wherever the people were in rebellion. 1863; Abraham Lincoln. 

8. China. 

9. Any tv;o of the following: LaFayette, Kosciusko, Pulaski, or Steu- 

ben. 

10. No answer can be here given to this, as all answers will vary. 

Algebra. 

1. No answer required here. 

2. (a) If equals be subtracted from equals, the remainders vill be 

equal. 
(d) If equals be added to equals, the sums will be equal. 

^ — c 

3. In the expression a -\ the quotient of ^ — r divided by x is to 

be added to a; and in the expression a the quotient of 

d — c divided by x is to be subtracted from a. 



March i } and 14, 1888. 53 

4. — jj' X {^fi — jr) = — 7ny -\- xy; and ( — m -\- x) X >' = (^ — in)y. 

5. -^ a^ -^ -\- a} ^ — d^\ but the minus sign before the divisor shows 

that the quotient, — d^y is to be subtracted; and — ( — a^) = -f" ^^^ 
or a}. 



6. 



7. 



y 



8. ^ = 25ff 

g. Let X = the greater number, and 40 — j«: the less. 
;»; — (40 — jr) r= 16 
2;«; — 40 r=: 16 

2x = 16 -|- 40 

X = 28, the greater number, and 
40 — 28 =r 12, the less number. 
ID. Let X miles = the rate per hour the river flows. 

7 X 12 mi. — jx mi. = distance up the river; and 
5 X 12 mi. -|- 5jr mi. = distance down the river. 
7 X 12 — 7^: = 5 X 12 + 5x 
I2x = 24, and j; = 2 = 2 mi. per hour. 

Current Topics. 

1. Edward F. Jones; Fremont Cole. 

2. The ceiling of the Assembly chamber. Because the stone sup- 

ports were not strong enough to support the weight. 

3. Dakota, Utah and Montana. 

4. Chicago and St. Louis. 

5. High license to restrict the liquor traffic. 

6. Gladstone. 

7. The Blair Educational Bill. 

8. Nicaragua ship canal. 

9. By tying thirteen children, her pupils, together, she conducted 

them to a place of safety, during a terrific storm that destroved 
the school-house; the weather was exceedingly cold. 
10. The emperor of Germany. 

Book-Keeping. 

1. No answer required. 

2. No answer required. 

3. They will be found on the Dr. side. 

4. Items of cash received. 

5. The book in which an item of account is first entered. 

6. Answer according to any well-established form. 

School Law. 

1. State Superintendent. School Commissioner. Trustee. Teacher. 

2. The trustee must give the teacher a written minute of the terms 

agreed on, signed by trustee; the pay of teacher shall be due and 
payable at least as often as at the end of each calendar month. 

3. The salary is $1,000, with $200 audited by supervisors for expense. 

By Board of Supervisors. 



54 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

4. Second. 

5. See the law in the school register. 

Physics. 

First class. Second class. Third class. 

F. F. 

I. W. P. V W. P. V P. W 



A 
F. 

2. Two — Upward. 

3. Impenetrability, that property of matter in virtue of which no two 

bodies can occupy the same space at the same time. Inertia, 
that property of matter in virtue of which a body cannot set itself 
in motion, nor when in motion, can it stop itself. 

4. That mercury expands and contracts regularly by change in tem- 

perature. 

5. It causes one side to expand, and thus the brittle iron is broken in 

bending. 

6. The upward pressure of the air. 

7. The rays of light in passing from the water to the air are refracted. 

8. Principally, the lowering of the temperature after sundown causes 

condensation of the moisture in the air in contact with a substance 
that readily radiates its heat. It depends also upon the amount 
of moisture in the air. 

9. The air is heavier, when the smoke rises readily. 

10. The shavings are poor conductors of heat and retain it. 

Methods. 

1. For I, 3, 4, and 5, no answers are required to be given here. 

2. The synthetic method of teaching Geography, begins with what the 

child can see at home and in the school-room, and goes from 
there to the town, county, etc., gradually reaching out to the 
world as a whole. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
MARCH 13, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 

1. Given the dividend, 807, and the quotient, 34^. Find the 

divisor. (10) 

2. If the first, third, and fourth terms of a proportion are given, 

how may the second term be found ? (10) 

3. What are the proceeds of a 90 da. note for §500 discounted 

at a bank at the rate of 6 per cent per annum } (10) 

4. Why does the value of a decimal remain unchanged when 

ciphers are annexed ? (10) 

5. A square field contains 20 acres. Required the number of 

rods of fence to enclose it. Carry the answer only to 
one decimal place. (10) 

6. A commission merchant sold 900 pounds of turkeys at 23 

cents per pound, and retained for his services $10.35. 
What rate of commission did he charge? (10) 

7. In what time will §125 amount to $145.75, at 6 per cent 

simple interest ? (10) 

8. 14 A. 10 sq. rds. is what part of 50 A. 100 sqs. rd. ? (10) 

9. Find the cost of 2,315 pounds of coal at $5.75 per ton. (10) 
10. A merchant failed, and paid his creditors 55 cents on the 

dollar. If he paid in all $3,874.75, what was the amount 
of his indebtedness? (10) 

Geography. 

1. Name the five principal tributaries of the Mississippi. (10) 

2. What form of government has Russia ? England ? France ? 

Mexico? Brazil? (10) 

3. In what zones is North America? Africa? (10) 

4. What mountain range on the boundary between France and 

Spain ? Between Norway and Sweden ? Between Rus- 
sia and Siberia? Between Thibet and Hindostan? Only 
two of the four ranges required. (10) 

55 



56 Uniform Graded Examination Qttestions. 

5. Name five principal river boundaries of the United States. 

(10) 

6. Mention the zones of the earth, and giving the width of 

each in degrees. (10) 

7. Name five lakes that discharge their waters through the 

Oswego river. (lo) 

8. What is the most direct v/ater-way from New York to Cal- 

cutta? (10) 

9. What are the principal agricultural productions of this 

country? (10) 
10. Mention two cities of New York on the New York, Lake 
Erie, and Western R. R. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. In what way does the United States Government secure 

funds with which to meet its expenses? (20) 

2. How many members of the Assembly in this State ? Of 

the State Senate? How many members of the United 
States Senate ? (20) 

3. What officials constitute a /own board in this State? (20) 

4. Give two legal qualifications necessary to make a man 

eligible to the office of U. S. Senator. (20) 

5. How is a vacancy in the office of member of Congress filled } 

<20) 

Afternoon. 
Composition. 

1. Give two rules for the use of the period. (10) 

2. Give rule for the punctuation of direct quotations, and give 

example. (10) 

3. Write a formal letter to the Commissioner of your district, 

setting forth five reasons why you consider yourself 
qualified to teach school. (55) 
(See Regulations for remaining 25 per cent of credits.) 

Grammar. 

1. Write sentences containing adverbs of {a) time; ip) place; 

(c) manner; id') degree; ie) negation. Underscore each 
and also the word it modifies. (10) 

2. Give the principal parts of the verbs ride, sit, see, write, 

and choose. (10) 

3. Compare all the words that admit of comparison in the 

following couplet : 

" How far that little candle throws his beam ! 
So shines a good deed in a naughty world." 

(10) 

4. What class of verbs has no passive voice ? Write a sentence 

to illustrate. (10) 



March i^r 1888. 57 

5. Classify the clauses in the sentence, '* And God said, ' Let 

there be light,' and there was light," stating whether they 
are principal or subordinate. (10) 

Note.— In naming a clause, it is sufficient to include only simple subject and 
simple predicate. 

6. Parse the word 7v/ial in the sentence, T/ii's is precisely what 

was necessary. (10) 

7. Write sentences containing verbs in the potential mood 

denoting {a) power; ib) necessity; (c) permission. (10) 

8. Write five abstract nouns. (10) 

9. What is a finite verb ? (10) 

10. Which moods can be used in the interrogative form } 
Which cannot be so used } Illustrate. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Why does severe physical or mental labor immediately after 

eating hinder digestion ? (20) 

2. Define two of the following : plasma ; fibrin ; clot ; serum. 

(20) 

3. What veins are provided with valves } (20) 

4. Describe the peristaltic movement of the stomach. (20) 

5. Should ice-water be taken during a meal } Why .^ (20) 

American History. 

1. In what branch of warfare did the Americans particularly 

distinguish themselves in the War of 1812.^ (20) 

2. What people claim to have discovered America before the 

time of Columbus } (20) 

3. What effect had the Colonial wars upon the Revolutionary 

struggle } (20) 

4. Name two battles of the Mexican war and the commander 

of the American troops in each. (20) 

5. Name the eleven States that formed the Confederacy in the 

war of the rebellion. (20) 

Current Topics. 

1. What nation threatens the peace of Europe at the present 

time } What part of its policy is considered aggressive } 
(20) 

2. What has been done with the Blair Educational bill at this 

session of Congress ? (20) 

3. Of what is oleomargarine made } (20) 

4. What educational gathering is to convene at Watkins, N. 

Y., July 5, 1888.^ (20) 

5. Give some account of the condition of the Crown Prince, 

Frederick William, of Prussia. 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 



58 Uniform Graded Examination Questions, 



ANSWERS FOR MARCH 13, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 
Arithmetic. 



52 



2. By dividing the product of the first and fourth terms by the third 

term. 

3. $492.25. (On the basis of 30 days to the month. Exact interest is 

of course correct.) 

4. Annexing a cipher to a decimal diminishes the size of the units in 

the same proportion that it increases the number of units; or 
It multiplies both numerator and denominator by the same 
number. 

5. 226.27 + rds. 

6. 5 per cent. 

7. 2 yr. 9 mo. 6 da. 

8. A. 

9. §6.66. 
10. $7045. 

Geography. 

1. Red River; Arkansas River; Ohio River; Missouri River; Des 

Moines River. 

2. Absolute monarchy. Constitutional monarchy. Republic. Fed- 

eral republic. Constitutional monarchy. 

3. North Frigid, North Temperate, and Torrid. North Temperate, 

Torrid, and South Temperate. 

4. Pyrenees. Scandinavian. Ural. Hymalaya. 

5. St. Lawrence River; St. John's River; St. Croix River; Rio Grande 

River; Colorado River; Niagara River; etc. 

6. North Frigid, — 23^° wide. 
North Temperate, — 43° wide. 
Torrid, — 47° wide. 

South Temperate. — 43° wide. 
South Frigid. — 23^° wide. 

7. Oneida, Owasco, Cayuga, Seneca, Keuka, — and others. 

8. Via, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal, Red Sea, 

Indian Ocean, and Bay of Bengal. 

9. Answer according to location. 

10. Binghamton and Elmira, (Hornellsville, incorporated March, 1888). 

Civil Government. 

1. Principally, by collecting duties on imported goods, and by taxing 

the manufacture and sale of tobacco and spirituous liquors. 

2. 128 Members of Assembly. 32 State Senators. 76 United States 

Senators. 

3. Supervisor, Justices of the Peace, and Town Clerk, 



March 13, 1888. 59 

4. Age, 30 years at least; nine years a citizen of the U. S. ; a resident 

of the State he is elected to represent. 

5. The Governor of the State issues a special writ of election, and the 

electors of the district act thereunder. 

Composition. 

1. A period should be placed after every declarative or imperative 

sentence, after every abbreviation not fully noted by marks of 
elision, and after Roman numerals. 

2. Every direct quotation should be set off by commas. 

3. No answer required. 

Grammar. 

1. No answer required. 

2. Ride — rode — riding — ridden. 
Sit — sat — sitting — sat. 

See — saw — seeing — seen. 

Write — wrote — writing — written. 

Choose — chose — choosing — chosen. 

3. Far — farther — farthest. 
Little — less — least. 
Good — better — best. 

Naughty — naughtier — naughtiest. 

4. Intransitive verbs. 

5. Principal clauses. God said; there was light. Subordinate clause, 

Let there be light. 

6. Relative pronoun — third person — singular number — neuter gender, 

nominative case in predicate with verb is, and nominative case, 
subject of the verb 7uas. 

7. No answer required. 

8. No answer required. 

g. One that does not predicate the act or state of a subject. 
10. Indicative and potential. Imperative and subjunctive. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The blood required to stimulate the digestive organs is drawn by 

the physical or mental exertion to the muscles or to the brain. 

2. Plasma, — the thin colorless liquid that comprises the great bulk of 

the blood. 
Fibrin, — an ingredient of the blood that hardens when the blood 

escapes from the veins or the arteries. 
Clot, — hardened fibrin mixed with corpuscles, and useful in being 

nature's means of stopping hemorrhages. 
Serum, — a clear yellow liquid remaining after a blood clot has 

formed. 

3. The larger veins that conduct blood upward when the body is in an 

erect position. 

4. The peristaltic movement is the peculiar churning movement 

caused by the contraction, alternately, of the longitudinal and 
circular fibres of the muscle that forms one of the coats of the 
stomach. 

5. No. The low temperature of the water checks the flow of the 

digestive juices, and thus retards digestion. 



6o Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions, 



American History. 

1. In naval warfare. 

2. The Scandinavians, or Northmen. 

3. The colonial wars had developed a military spirit among the col- 

onists, and had educated many of their officers in the art of war, 
thus better fitting the colonists to cope with the British troops. 

4. Answer unnecessary. 

5. Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Ala- 

bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee. 

Current Topics. 

1. Russia. The massing of troops adjacent to the frontiers of Ger- 

many, Austria, and Turkey. 

2. It has passed the Senate and been sent to the House of Represen- 

tatives. 

3. Principally, of the fat of animals. 

4. New York State Teachers' Association. 

5. He is suffering from a throat disease generally believed to be a 

cancerous affection of the larynx and trachea. His physicians 
have inserted a tube through his neck into his trachea for him to 
breathe through. 



QUESTIONS FOR SPECIAL EXAMINATION. 
MARCH, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Arithmetic. 



Note.— In the solution of these problems, every process must be indicated. Mere 
answers will not be accepted. 

1. Write 1249 in Roman notation. (10) 

2. The product of two numbers and one of the numbers given 

to find the other number. State the process and give 
reason for it. (10) 

3. What is cancellation } For what purpose is it used } (10) 

4. Reduce 4yV -^ I7f fi^'st to a common fraction, and then to 

a decimal true to two places. (10) 

5. Phelps & Co. bought of Barber & Perkins 15 reams paper 

at $4, and 20 M. envelopes at $2.70. Make out a bill and 
receipt it properly. (lo) 

6. Reduce ^ of a mile to integers of lower denominations. (10) 

7. A man failing in business had only $2,100. He owed $6,000. 

What per cent would his creditors receive? (10) 

8. Find the interest on $475 for i year, 3 months, 24 days at 6 

per cent. (10) 

9. W^hat is the present value of a note for $750, due i year 6 

months hence, at 6 per cent, without interest.^ (True 
discount.) (10) 
10. Bought 4 loads of hay, weighing 2,750 lbs. each, at $20 per 
ton, and gave my note, without interest, at 60 days to 
pay it. What are the proceeds of the note, if discounted 
at a bank at 6 per cent } (10) 

Geography. 

1. Name and locate {a) the metropolis, {b) the capital, (c) the 

largest lake, {d) the largest island, and {e) the highest 
mountain of New York State. (10) 

2. Name three lakes and two rivers through which the bound- 

ing lines of New York State pass. (10) 

3. Bound Utah. (10) 

4. Name the ten territories of the United States. (10) 

5. What is a mountain range .^ (10) 

6i 



62 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

6. Locate the following mountains : (a) the Pyrenees, (d) Alps, 

(c) Ural, (d) Scandinavian, (<?) Caucasus. (lo) 

7. Give two causes for differences in climate. (10) 

8. When are the days and nights equal all over the world ? 

Why.? (10) 

9. Define axis, diameter, circumference, poles, and equator. 

(10) 
10. How much is the axis of the earth inclined from the per- 
pendicular to the plane of the earth's orbit ? (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. Name the three departments of the United States govern- 

ment and state of what each is composed. (30) 

2. What is the term, of office of the President of the United 

States? Of United States Senators ? (10) 

3. What are the duties of assessors? (10) 

4. Name five duties of the School Commissioner. (25) 

5. Define State, county, township, election district and school 

district. (25) 

Composition. 

I. Write a letter to your commissioner, embodying in it a 

statement of (a) your present grade of certificate, {l>) the 

grade you are aiming to secure, (r) the district where you 

are now teaching, (c/) the name of the trustee or trustees, 

(e) where you were educated, using not less than one 

hundred words. (75) 

Note.— For general excellence of all papers submitted with reference to neatness, 
order and punctuation. (25) 

Grammar. 

'' If we retrench the wages of the schoolmaster, we must raise those of the re- 
cruiting-sergeant." — Edward Everett. 

1. Write out a complete analysis of the above extract, using 

any system familiar to you. (10) 

2. V^iVSQ If 2Lnd recrtiitzng-sergea7tt. (10) 

3. Decline we. (10) 

4. Give the four principal parts of the verbs compel, freeze, 

see, lie and lay. (10) 

5. Give a synopsis (first person, singular number) of the verb 

be, in the potential mode. (10) 

6. Write an interrogative sentence or sentences containing: 

a. A phrase modifying the subject, 

b. A compound relative pronoun, 

c. A pronoun in the possessive case, 

d. A verb in the subjunctive mode. Underscore the 

parts required. (10) 

7. Give the plurals of money, chimney, valley, duty, and Henry. 

(10) 



March, 1888. 63 

8. Write three nouns which have no plural, and two which 

have no singular. (loj 

9. Define etymology and syntax. (10) 

10. Write one or more declarative sentences containing all the 
eight parts of speech ; underscore words representing the 
several parts of speech. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What organs secrete {a) the saliva, {b) the gastric juice, {c) 

the bile, {d) the pancreatic juice } (20) 

2. A child is less liable to break a bone than an old person. 

Why } (20) 

3. Tell the use of {a) the heart, {b) the stomach, {c) the capil- 

laries, {d) the trachea. (20) 

4. Give two reasons why a frequent change of air in a school 

room is specially important. (20) 
$. Name three kinds of teeth in each jaw. (20) 

American History. 

1. What prominent events are associated with the following 

dates: 1775, ^7^^^ ^7^7, i^^i, and 1865? (25) 

2. Between what two cities was the first telegraph line built .f^ 

By whom ? (15) 

3. What was the Nullification Act of 1832 ? What State passed 

that act.^ Who was President then ? (15) 

4. Name the last five regularly-elected Presidents and Vice- 

Presidents. (25) 

5. Where, when, and under what circumstances did General 

Grant die } Where was he buried } (20) 

Current Topics. 

1. When will occur the next regular election of {a) school 

trustees, (b) school commissioners, {c) Governor of this 
State, and {d) State Senators for this State .^ (20) 

2. What commission has just completed its labors at Wash- 

ington ? Why was this commission made necessary.^ 

(20) 

3. What is meant by industrial education as connected with 

public education.^ (20) 

4. Give a short account of the ** Female Suffrage " movement, 

mentioning some of the leaders and some of the points 
already gained for it. (20) 

5. What are the duties of a stenographer.^ (20) 



64 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions, 



ANSWERS TO SPECIAL QUESTIONS FOR MARCH, 1888. 



Arithmetic. 

1. MCCXLIX. 

2. Divide the product by the given number and the quotient will be 

the other number. Reason, — The product was produced by- 
multiplying together these two numbers. 

3. Rejecting equal factors from numbers sustaining to each other the 

relation of dividend and divisor. To shorten divisions by re- 
jecting equal factors. 

5. Phelps & Co., 

To Barber & Perkins, Dr, 

To 15 reams paper @ ^4 $60 00 

• ' 20 M envelopes @ $2 70 54 00 











Rec'd Payment, 










Barber 


6. 


248 rds. 4 


yds. 


2 ft. 


8 in. 


7. 


3Sfo 








8. 


$37,525 








Q. 


688.07 + 








10. 


$108,845. 









$114 00 
& Perkins. 



Geography. 

1. (a) New York on New York Upper Bay ; (d) Albany on the Hudson 

River; (^) Oneida in the central part of the State; (d) Long Island 
in the S. E. part of the State; (e) Mt. Marcy in the Adirondacks. 

2. Lakes Erie, Ontario, and Champlain, and any two of the following 

rivers: Niagara, St. Lawrence, Poulteny, Hudson, and Delaware. 

3. On the north by Idaho and Wyoming; east by Wyoming and 

Colorado; south by Arizona; west by Nevada. 

4. Alaska, Arizona, Dakota, Idaho, Indian, Montana, New Mexico, 

Utah, Washington and Wyoming. 

5. A series of mountains. 

6. (a) On the borders of France and Spain; (d) On the borders of 

France, Germany, and Italy; (c) On the borders of Russia and 
Siberia; (^/) On the borders of Norway and Sweden; (e) On the 
borders of Russia, Persia, and Turkey in Asia. 

7. Latitude, elevation, and inclination of earth's axis, and gulf stream. 

8. At the equinoxes, March 21 and Sept. 23. Because then the sun 

is vertical at the equator. 

9. The diameter on which the earth turns. A straight line extending 

through the center of the earth from surface to surface. The 



March, 1888. 65 

distance around the earth. The ends of the earth's axis. A 
great circle passing around the earth midway between the poles. 
10. 23^ degrees. 

Civil Government. 

1. Legislative (Congress). Executive (President). Judicial (Supreme 

Court and such inferior courts as Congress may establish). 

2. 4 years. 6 years. 

3. To estimate the value of taxable property. 

4. Any five of the following: To visit and examine schools; to rec- 

ommend changes in the course of study ; to condemn school 
buildings; to direct trustees to abate nuisances; to direct trustees 
to make necessary alterations or repairs (not to exceed $200); to 
examine and license teachers; to hold institutes; to examine 
charges affecting moral character of teachers; to report to State 
Superintendent. 

5. A State is a community of persons, living within certain limits of 

territory, under one government; a county is one of the direct 
sub-divisions of a State ; a township is one of the direct sub- 
divisions of a county; an election district is a portion of a town- 
ship set apart for election purposes; a school district is one of 
the divisions of a township set apart for school purposes. 

Composition. 
(These answers cannot be foreseen.) 

Grammar. 

1. * 

2. //* is a conjunction connecting the clauses. Recruiting-sergeant is 

a noun, common, compound, third person, singular number, 
masculine gender, objective case, and object of preposition of. 

3. Singular. Plural. 
Nom. I, we. 
Poss. my, mine, our. 
Obj. me, us. 

4. Ind. Pres. Ind. Past. Part. Pres. Part. Past. 
Compel, compelled, compelling, compelled. 
Freeze, froze, freezing, frozen. 
See, saw, seeing, seen. 

Lie, lay, lying, lain. 

Lay, laid, laying, laid. 

5. I may be, I might be, I may have been, I might have been. 

6. * 

7. Moneys, chimneys, valleys, duties, and the Henrys. 

8. Gold, pride, courage, idleness, cohesion, architecture, rhetoric, 

bronchitis, meekness, etc., have no plural; assets, suds, scissors, 
tongs, billiards, breeches, trowsers, oats, fireworks, vespers, 
goods, cattle, ides, embers, literati, etc., have no singular. 

* Admits of a variety of correct aaswers-. 



66 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

9. Etymology treats of the different parts of speech, their classification 
and modifications. Syntax treats of the relation, agreement, 
government, and arrangement of words in sentences. 



10. 



Physiology and Hygiene. 



1. (a) Salivary glands; (d) stomach; (c) liver; (d) pancreas. 

2. A child's bones contain a smaller proportion of lime and are not so 

brittle. 

3. (a) It is the central organ of the circulation, and drives the blood to 

all parts of the body, (d) In it the gastric juice dissolves the 
albumen, gluten, and fibrine of foods, and makes them fit to 
enter the blood. (<:) They connect the arteries and veins. ((/) It 
carries air into the lungs. 

4. Large number of persons present, many dirty bodies, and dirty 

clothing, much chalk and other dust, etc. 

5. The four cutting teeth in each jaw in front are called incisors. The 

pointed teeth next back of the incisors are called cuspids. The 
next back of the cuspids are the bicuspids. The back teeth are 
called molars, 

American History. 

1. Battle of Lexington; surrender of Cornwallis; adoption of the Con- 

stitution; attack on Fort Sumter; Lee's surrender. 

2. Baltimore and Washington; Prof. Morse. 

3. The people of South Carolina' refused to pay duties on foreign 

goods; South Carolina; Andrew Jackson. 

4. Lincoln and Johnson, Grant and Colfax, Hayes and Wheeler, Gar- 

field and Arthur, Cleveland and Hendricks. 

5. On Mt. McGregor, July, 1885, of a cancer in his throat; at River- 

side Park. 

Current Topics. 

1. (a) On the last Tuesday of August next, [h) At the general election 

of 1890. {c) At the next general election, {d) At the general 
election of 1889. 

2. The Fisheries Commission. Disputes as to the respective rights 

of Canada and the United States on the fishing grounds of the 
North Atlantic coast. 

3. The introduction of teaching to train the hand and the eye, with a 

view to practical application in life work. 

4' * 

5. By short-hand to write from dictation and afterward transcribe the 

matter, or reproduce it in Roman letters by a type-writer. 
* Admits of a variety of correct answers. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
APRIL, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Morning. 
Arithmetic. 

(In the solution of problems, indicate every process.) 

1. Write in words, 

9,014,008. 
800,079. 
Write in figures. 

Six billion, four million, forty-eight thousand, nine 

hundred sixty. 
Four million, seventy-five. 
Nine hundred thousand, six. (10) 

2. Divide 96 ten-thousandths by 384 hundred-millionths. (10) 

3. Goods marked %\.^o are sold at a discount of 40 per cent. 

What is the selling price } (10) 

4. John Smith bought of Clark & Jones, 

4 lb. 13 oz. beefsteak, @ 21 cents per lb. 
12 lb. bacon, @ 12^ cents. 

Make a properly receipted bill of the above, dated at the 
time and place of this examination. (10) 

5. A rectangular tank is 5 feet long, 2 feet wide, and 2 feet 

deep. How many gallons of water will it hold } (10) 

6. A man has a field of wheat containing 25 acres, which are 

5 per cent of his whole farm. How many acres in his 
farm ? (10) 

7. Sold a horse for $240, thereby losing 20 percent. Required 

the cost. (10) 

8. A square piece of land contains 538,756 square rods. What 

is the length of one side? (10) 

9. A pile of 4-foot wood is 16 feet long and 6 feet high. Re- 

quired the cost at 85.50 per cord. (10) 
10. What is the interest on $680.43 for 4 mo. and 12 da. at 5^ 
percent.^ (10) 

67 



68 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Geography. 

1. Define great circles, meridians and polar circles. (lo) 

2. What are the trade winds ? (lo) 

3. Bound Dakota. (10) 

4. Describe the river Rhine. (10) 

5. Locate St. Petersburgh and Naples. (10) 

6. Locate Pittsburgh and Memphis. (10) 

7. Describe the James River. (10) 

8. Mention ten cities of this State, stating the county in which 

each is located. (loj 

9. Where is Madagascar.^ (10) 

10. What lake is the source of the Susquehanna River .^ (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. Mention five State officers of this State who are elected by 

the people. (10) 

2. By what means may a village become a city } (10) 

3. Conviction requires how many votes of a trial jury } (10) 

4. By whom are governors of territories chosen? (10) 

5. Name the Member of Assembly from your district. (10) 

6. Name the State Senator representing your district. (10) 

7. Name the counties composing the Senatorial district. (10) 

8. Name your representative in Congress. (10) 

9. Nam^e the counties composing the Congressional district. 

(10) 

10. How many days are allowed the Governor to consider a 
bill, while the Legislature is in session } (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

1. Write a short letter to your School Commissioner, telling 

him what school you wish or expect to teach. (25) 

2. Write a short account of the Pilgrims in accordance with 

the following analysis: {a) Cause of leaving their own 
country ; (b) whence they sailed ; {c) the voyage ; {d) the 
landing; {e) life in the New World. (50) 
For general excellence of all papers submitted, with reference 
to 7ieatness, order diVid punctuatio7i. (25) 

Grammar. 

Listen, my children, and you shall hear 
Of the midnight ride of Paul Revere, 
On tlie eighteenth day of April in seventy-five; 
• Hardly a man is now alive 

Who remembers that famous day and year. 



April, 1888. 69 

The first six questions have reference to the above selection. 

1. What are the simple subjects of the principal clauses? (10) 

2. Name the predicate or predicates of the subordinate clause 

or clauses. (10) 

3. What are the three modifiers of ;;/d:;^.^ (10) 

4. Give the syntax (case and why) of children. (10) 

5. The relation of what words is shown by on? (10) 

6. Give the mode of each verb. (10) 

7. What are thefeminines of hero, giant, testator, czar, Joseph ? 

(lO) 

8. Change the following to a sentence having a principal 

and adverbial clause : Troy being taken by the Greeks, 
^neas came into Italy. (10) 

9. Decline the personal pronoun of the second person. (10) 
10. Write one or more sentences, illustrating the use of that 

as a ia) pronoun, {b) adjective, (c) conjunction. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What are the four divisions of the human heart } (20) 

2. What causes the arm to move at will } (20) 

3. State two reasons why too rapid eating causes indigestion. 

(20) 

4. What effect has alcohol on the temperature of the body ? 

(20) 

5. What is the usual temperature of the human body.^ What 

should be the temperature of a school room } (20) 

American History. 

1. What was the Stamp Act.^ (20^ 

2. Who were the respective commanders at the battle of Get- 

tysburg.^ In what State was it fought? (20) 

3. In what two wars was George Washington a distinguished 

participant ? (20) 

4. For w^hat act is Benedict Arnold's name execrated } (20) 

5. What w^as the Missouri Compromise? (20) 

Current Topics. 

1. Give the names of two persons who were candidates for the 

office of Secretary of State at our last State election. 
(10) 

2. Who was elected United States Senator from New York in 

1887? Whom did he succeed ? (10) 

3. Name one of the Justices of the Supreme Court in your 

judicial district. (10) 

4. Name five leading daily newspapers published in New York 

city. (10) 

5. What two important State officers are to be chosen this 

year in this State ? (10) 



70 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

6. What prominent gentleman has recently announced that he 

is not a candidate for the presidential nomination ? (lo) 

7. What prominent American jurist has recently died ? (5) 

What office did he hold ? (5) (10) 

8. Who is the President of the New York Central Railroad? 

(10) 

9. What European monarch has recently died ? (10) 

10. Name the Republican and Democratic candidates for Presi' 
dent at the last three presidential elections. (10) 



ANSWERS FOR APRIL, 1888. 



Arithmetic 

1. Nine million, fourteen thousand, eight. 

Eight hundred thousand, seventy-nine. 
6,004,048,960. 
4,000,075. 
900,006. 

2. 2,500. 

3. 90 cents. 

4. $2.51. Ordinary form of bill. 

5. 149.6 gallons. 

6. 500 acres. 

7. %oo. 

8. 734 rods. 

9. $16.50. 
10. $13.72. 

Geography. 

1. See any ordinary geography. 

2. Winds in the torrid zone, and often a little beyond it, which blow 

from the same quarter throughout the year, unless affected by 
local causes. 

3. North by Canada; east by Minnesota and Iowa; south by Nebraska; 

west by Wyoming and Montana. 

4. The Rhine rises in Switzerland, flows in general northwest, and 

empties into the North Sea. 

5. St. Petersburg is in the western part of Russia, on the Gulf of Fin- 

land. 
Naples is in southern Italy, on the Bay of Naples, a part of the 
Mediterranean Sea. 

6. Pittsburgh is in the western part of Pennsylvania, at the junction 

of the Alleghany and the Monongahela Rivers. 
Memphis is in the southwestern part of Tennessee, on the Missis- 
sippi River. 

7. The James River rises in the southwestern part of Virginia, flows 

generally east, and empties into Chesapeake Bay. 



April, 1888. p 



8. No definite answer can be given here. 

g. Madagascar is east of southern Africa, in the Indian Ocean. 
10. Otsego. 

Civil Government. 

1. Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Comptroller, Secretary of State, 

Treasurer, Attorney-General, Engineer, and Surveyor. 

2. By an act of the Legislature. 

3. Twelve — all of them. 

4. Governors of Territories are appointed by the President and con- 

firmed by the Senate; the members of Territorial Legislatures are 
elected by the people of the Territories. 

5. 6, 7, 8, and 9. Answers will differ according to locality. 
10. 10 days. 

Composition. 
Obviously no answers can be given here. 

Grammar. 

1. You; you; man. 

2. Remembers. 

3. Adjectives a and alivey and the adjective (relative) clause wAo re- 

members. 

4. Nominative independent by direct address. 

5. Ride — day. 

6. Liste7i is in the imperative mode; shall hear, is, and remcmhers are 

in the indicative mode. 

7. Heroine, giantess, testatrix, czarina. Josephine. 

8. When Troy had been taken by the Greeks, -^neas came into Italy. 

9. See a school grammar. 

10. Example: Give me the book that lies on that table, that I may 
read it. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Right aurlcie; right ventricle; left auricle; left ventricle. 

2. The contraction of a muscle by a nervous nnpulse sent from the 

Drain. 

3. From imp£a-fect mastication, (<?) sufficient saliva is not mingled with 

tfie foocr; (2>the i"t)od presents too little surface for the action of 
the gastric juices of the stomach. 

4. The temperature is at first raised above normal temperature, then 

lowered below. 

5. 98^. From 68° to 70°. 

American History. 

1. An act of Parliament compelling the people of the American Col- 

onies to buy government stamps and place them on legal papers. 

2. Gen. Mead, Union; Gen. Lee, Confederate. Pennsylvania. 

3. The French and Indian War of 1755; Revolutionary War. 

4. His traitorous negotiation with Sir Henry Clinton, to surrender 

West Point to the British. 



^is Uniform Graded Examination Question^. 

5. An Act of Congress which provided that Missouri should come into 
the Union as a slave State, and that thereafter slavery should be 
forever prohibited north of 36° 30'. 

Current Topics. 

1. Frederick Cook; Frederick D. Grant; Henry George. (Either two 

of the three.) 

2. Frank Hiscock; Warner Miller. 

3. Answers will differ according to locality. 

4. World, Tribune, Herald, Times, Sun, Post, Telegram, Star, Mail 

and Express. Press, Commercial Advertiser, Staats Zeitung. 

5. Governor and Lieutenant-Governor. 

6. James G. Blaine. 

7. Morrison R. Waite, Chief Justice. 

8. Chauncey M. Depew. 

9. Emperor William of Germany. 

10. 1876: Hayes, Tilden; 1880: Garfield, Hancock; 1884: Blaine, Cleve- 
land. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 

MAY 4 AND 5, 1888. 



FIRST GRADE, 



First Day— Morning. 

Arithimetic. 

(In the solution of problems, indicate every process.) 

1. To 3f add 5f ; from the sum subtract 4-^'''^ ; multiply the re- 

mainder by i^; divide 18 by the product. (10) 

2. If f of 9 bushels of wheat cost $13^, what will f of a bushel 

cost ? (10) 

3. From a unit of the third order subtract the sum of .371 and 

sixty-five ten-thousandths, multiply the remainder by 
three-tenths, and divide the product by 5 millionths (10) 

4. Reduce 7 cwts. 28 lbs. 4 ozs. to the decimal of a ton. (10) 

5. How many pounds of cotton at 1 1^ cents per pound can a 

broker buy for $9,225, and retain his commission at 2\ 
per cent ? (10) 

6. Required the exact interest of $926 from January 3 to 

June II, 1887, at 6 per cent per annum. (10) 

7. Find the square root of 3, to three decimal places. (10) 

8. At $25 per M., what is the cost of 7 boards, each 15 ft. long 

and 16 in. wide ? (10) 

9. In the fraction f what is the fractional unit.^ The unit of 

the fraction ? (10) 
10. If hay sell for $14 a ton at a loss of \2\ per cent, what 
should it sell for to gain 15 per cent } (10) 

Geography. 

1. What parallels of latitude form parts of the boundaries of 

New York State .^ (10) 

2. Give the political boundaries of Iowa. (10) 

3. Name and locate the great English seaport for trade with 

the United States. (lo) 

4. What two countries of Europe are Republics? (10) 

5. Name the largest three rivers of Africa. (10) 



74 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

6. What are the dikes of Holland? Why were they built? 

(lo) 

7. Where are the Hebrides Islands? To what country do 

they belong? (10) 

8. What and where is the Sargosso Sea? (10) 

9. What is Standard Time ? (10) 

10. Why is a degree of longitude at Albany shorter than a de- 
gree of latitude at the same place ? (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is meant by iinpeacJunent? (10) 

2. Where does the sole power of impeachment reside in the 

government of the United States? (10) 

3. What is a mayor? What is a common council ? (10) 

4. What advantage would be supposed to follow from having 

the legislative department of a government consist of 
two branches or bodies instead of one? (10) 

5. What qualification is prescribed by the Constitution for 

voters for members of Congress? (10) 

6. How often is there a new Congress? (10) 

7. How may a foreigner become a citizen ? (10) 

8. What is an indirect tax? Give an example. (10) 

9. Name one privilege that a territorial representative in Con- 

gress is allowed and one that he is denied. (10) 
10. How many congressional districts are there in this State? 
(10) 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

I. Write a reply to a letter from your commissioner, asking 
you to name the text-books in Arithmetic, Geography 
and Physiology which you would recommend fora school 
of your grade, and to state fully your reasons for each 
recommendation. 

Correctness and appropriateness of language. (25) 
Correctness in form and general appearance. (25) 
Correctness in punctuation and use of capitals. (25) 
For remaining 25 per cent, see Regulations. 

Grammar. 

Most sweet it is with uniiplifted eyes, 
To pace the ground, if path there be or none. 

While a fair region round the traveler Hes, 
Which he forbears again to look upon. 

I. Write list of the clauses in the above selection classifying 
them as principal or subordinate. (10) 

Note.— In naming clauses, it is sufficient to include only simple subjects and 
simple predicates. 



May 4 and 5, 1888. 75 

2. State what each subordinate clause modifies. (10) 

3. Give four modifiers of to pace, including its object as one. 

(10) 

4. Parse to pace, (10) 

5. Give syntax (case and why) oi path and which. (10) 

6. What is the object of y"<9r^^<:?r^.^ Y^2lvs^ roimd. (10) 

7. Give an example of a participle taking an object, and being 

itself the object of a preposition. (10) 

8. Illustrate the use of an adverb modifying a phrase (preposi- 

tion and its object). (10) 

9. In the sentence, *' He sent his son home that way," give the 

syntax of ho7ne and way. (10) 
10. Give syntax of him and man in the sentence : " I believe him 
to be a man wanting in veracity." (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Define Anatomy, Physiology, Hygiene. (10) 

2. What provision has nature made for reducing the tempera- 

ture of the body and so preventing it from becoming ex- 
cessively heated ? (10) 

3. How may an habitually stooping posture injure the health ? 

(10) 

4. Describe the manner in which the bones of the skull are 

generally united. (10) 

5. Of what three parts is the cerebro-spinal system of nerves 

composed? (10) 

6. What are bronchial tubes ? (10) 

7. Describe the corpuscles of the blood. What is the effect of 

alcohol upon them ? (10) 

8. Which two of the special senses does the tongue possess in 

a high degree of perfection? Are the nerve fibres near 
the surface of the tongue numerous or few ? (10) 

9. Of what part of the skin are the hair and nails a part or 

modification ? (10) 
10. Where is the cardiac orifice? Where is the pylorus? 10) 

Second Day — Morning. 

American History. 

1. During what war was " Braddock's defeat " ? Where ? (10) 

2. Mention two things for which Benjamin Franklin is noted. 

(10) 

3. In what city and in what building was the Declaration of 

Independence signed ? (10) 

4. Who were the Hessians who took part in the Revolutionary 

War? How came they here? (10) 

5. For what is each of the following especially remembered : 

John Paul Jones? General Anthony Wayne? (10) 



76 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

6. Who was the hero of ** Lundy's Lane "? Of what war was 

that a battle ? (lo) 

7. Who was President of the United States during the War of 

1812? The Mexican War? (10) 

8. Mention two noted Anti-Slavery agitators in the United 

States. (10) 

9. Where and for what was John Brown executed? (10) 

10. What is meant by the " Centennial Year"? What event 
was specially celebrated ? (10) 

Algebra. 

1. Subtract — 2a from ^a, and explain the process. (10) 

X 7 

2. Reduce 3,r + 4 to an improper fraction. (10) 

3. In general \^\v'3X is the effect of a minus sign before a divid- 

ing line when we clear of fractions ? (10) 

4. Resolve abx'^ — aby'^ into its prime factors. (10) 

5. State the methods of eliminating one of two unknown quan- 

tities by comparison. (10) 

6. By the above method find the values of x and j in the equa- 

tions \x — 3 J = a, and ^x + 4.y = b. (10) 

7. Find two numbers, such that if i of the greater be added to 

\ of the less, the sum will be 13 ; and if \ of the less be 
subtracted from \ of the greater, the remainder will be 
nothing. (10) 

8. Expand {2a + bf by the binomial theorem. (10) 

9 and 10. Make and reduce an affected quadratic equation, to 
illustrate one method of completing the square in order 
to find the values of the unknown quantity. (20) 

Book-keeping. 

1. What is an invoice book ? (10) 

August I, 1888. Cash on hand, $261.35 > received for 
petty sales, $89.76; received of John Rich on account, 
$37.50; paid store rent, $60 ; received for Wm. Seeley's 
note, $203.72 ; paid express charges, 90 cents ; paid Enz & 
Miller on account, $119.65. 

2. Rule a form of cash book. (10) 

3. Enter the foregoing statement. 

4. Balance the account. (10) 

5. A merchant buys goods to the amount of $516.30, and gives 

his note in payment. Is the transaction a matter of ac- 
count? Why? (10) 

6. Draw a check on the First National Bank of Albany for 

fifty dollars, payable to the order of Howard Finch. (10) 

August I, 1888, J. H. Osgood & Co. of Buffalo, N. Y., 

sold Mrs. C. K. Mills 18 yards of silk at $1.70 per yard, 

2\ dozen buttons at 80 cents per dozen, 32 yards of carpet 



May 4 and 5, 1888. 77 

at 83 cents per yard, and 3 pairs of window curtains at 
$3.25 per pair. 

7-8. Make bill of sale to Mrs. Mills, using proper abbrevia- 
tions. (20) 

9. Receipt the bill for the firm. (10) 

10. A pays for a bill of goods by note at 60 days, dated July 7, 
1888. Find when the note becomes due. (10) 



Afternoon. 

School Law. 

1. How can a common school district change from three trus- 

tees to one ? (20) 

2. {a) What officers apportion the public moneys among the 

school districts.'* (b) Upon what officer does the trustee 
draw orders to pay teachers that money ? (20) 

3. For what officers may women vote in this State ? (20) 

4. For what term of office is a sole trustee elected ? The 

several trustees, when a district changes from one trustee 
to three } Each of three trustees after a first election of 
three trustees by a district } (20) 

5. What is the ruling of the Department of Public Instruc- 

tion in regard to the teacher's authority over pupils on 
the way to and from school } (20) 

Physics. 

1. Why are iron tires heated before they are placed on wagon 

wheels? (10) 

2. Describe some simple means of developing electricity. (10) 

3. Define malleability and ductility. (10) 

4. What degrees on a Fahrenheit thermometer indicate the 

freezing and boiling of water .^ (10) 

5. Why will the frost disappear from frozen ground when it 

has been covered with deep snow for several weeks ? (10) 

6. In what form will iron resist the greatest pressure exerted 

in a direction tending to break it? (10) 

7. What causes the oil to rise in a lamp wick ? (10) 

8. Why are we not crushed by the enormous weight of the 

air? (10) 

9. Why are different sensations experienced on touching a 

piece of wood and a piece of iron, each having had equal 
exposure to heat ? (10) 
10. What is meant by the center of gravity ? (10) 

Methods. 
I. In subtracting 27 from 63, how would you explain the reason 
for each step? (10) 



78 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

2. Do you think it advisable to use diagrams in teaching the 

analysis of English sentences ? Give reasons for your 
opinion. (lo) 

3. Give one rule that ought to be observed by all teachers in 

framing questions on subjects they are teaching. Give 
the reason for the rule. (10) 

4. Describe your method of explaining and illustrating how 

the diurnal revolution of the earth produces the apparent 
daily motion of the sun. (10) 

5. Give a good method of conducting a spelling exercise, stat- 

ing the number of words in the lesson, the manner in 
which the pupils spell, and the manner of criticising and 
correcting the work. (20) 

6. Write a short sentence and describe your method of teach- 

ing beginners in analysis, what is the subject and why, 
and what is the predicate and why. (10) 

7. Describe the manner in which you would teach a child the 

cardinal points of the compass. (10) 

8. When it is noon on the first meridian, it is 8 o'clock a.m. at 

longitude 60° : How would you make that plain to a 
pupil .^ (10) 

9. What is a topical analysis ? (10) 

Current Topics. 

1. Name six places in this State at which State Normal Schools 

are located. (10) 

2. How many members has the United States Senate.^ (10) 

3. Where is the burial place of General Ulysses S.Grant? (10) 

4. How has *' rapid transit " been attained in the city of New 

York.^ (10) 

5. Upon what date does Decoration Day occur? (10) 

6. Name three of the leading literary magazines of the present 

day. (10) 

7. Name and locate three colleges or universities of this State. 

(10) 

8. State something of interest relating to the royal family of 

Germany. (10) 

9. Who is now mayor of the city of New York ? (10) 

10. What is meant by the " Brotherhood of Locomotive En- 
gineers " ? (10) 



May 4 and 5, 1888. 79 



ANSWERS FOR MAY 4 and 5, 1888, 



FIRST GRADE. 

Arithmetic. 

1. 2i. 

2. $1.25. 

3. 5,977.350. 

4. .364125 T. 

5. 80,000 lbs. 

6. $24.20. 

7. 1.732 +• 

8. $3.50. 

g. The fractional unit is J. The unit of the fraction is i. 
10. $18.40 per ton. 

Geography. 

1. 42° and 45°. 

2. It is bounded north by Minnesota, east by Wisconsin and Illinois, 

south by Missouri, and west by Nebraska and Dakota. 

3. Liverpool, on the Mersey, in the northwestern part of England. 

4. France and Switzerland. 

5. Nile, Niger, and Congo. 

6. High embankments. They were built to reclaim land which had 

been overflowed by the ocean. 

7. They are northwest of the mainland of Scotland, and belong to that 

country. 

8. A grassy sea in the Atlantic Ocean, west of the northern part of 

Africa. 

9. Time as reckoned from the 6oth, 75th, 90th, 105th, and 120th de- 

grees of west longitude. 
10. Owing to the gradual approach to each other of the meridians, in 
the latitude of Albany the degrees of longitude are much shorter; 
while latitude is reckoned from parallel to parallel, and the de- 
grees remain of the same length. 

Civil Government. 

1. An accusation against a public officer, charging him with crime or 

misdemeanor. 

2. In the House of Representatives. 

3. The chief executive officer of a city. The legislative body of a 

city. 

4. One body ought to be a check upon the other, and so prevent un- 

wise or hasty legislation. 

5. They must be entitled to vote for the most numerous branch of the 

State Legislature where they reside. 

6. Once in erery tw^o years. 



Subordinate 



80 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

7. By residence in this country and naturalization. 
8.. A tax on articles consumed, but not collected directly from the 
consumer, e.o-., a duty on sugar. 

9. He is allowed to speak, but not to vote. 
10. Thirty-four. 

Composition. 

No answer can be given. 

Grammar. 

1. Sweet it is, principal; 
(a. If path be, adverbial. 

d. (If there be) none, adverbial. (Don't insist onthls.) 

c. While region lies, adverbial. 

d. Which he forbears, adjective. 

2. Clauses marked (a), {b), {c), modify the verb to pace. 

(d) modifies region. 

3. Object ground ; SidJQCtivG siveet ; the first three subordinate clauses 

above stated. 

4. Verb, principal parts, pace, paced, pacing, paced; regular, transitive, 

active voice, infinitive mode, present tense, used like a noun, 
and in apposition with i/, nominative case. (Some would say, 
subject of is, and represented by the redundant word, it.) 

5. Path, nominative, subject of be; which, objective, object of upon. 

6. The infinitive to look ; rotind, preposition showing relation between 

its object, traveler, and the verb lies. 

7. He is engaged in zvriting letters. 

8. The leaves fell oitly in the morning. 

g. Home and zvay, objective, object of prepositions not expressed. It 
would be allowed to say that ho7?ie is used as an adverb, modi- 
fying the verb. 

10. Him is the subject of the infinitive to be and is in the objective 

- case; man is a predicate noun (attribute) and agrees with the 
subject hirn, in the objective case. (Other constructions are 
found in the grammars.) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Anatomy is a science which treats of the structure of the body; 

physiology, of the functions of the various organs; and hygiene, 
of the laws of health. 

2. Perspiration. 

3. It may cramp the vital organs and curve the spine. 

4. By sutures, or irregular edges. 

5. The brain, the spinal cord, and the spinal nerves. 

6. The tubes branching off from the v/indpipe into the lungs. 

7. They are very minute, disk-shaped bodies of a red color; they are 

shrunken by alcohol, and rendered incapable of doing their 
work. 

8. Touch and taste. The nerves there are very numerous. 

9. Of the cuticle. 

10. At the juncture of oesophagus and stomach. At the junction of 
duodenum or small intestine with the stomach. 



May 4 and 5, 1888. 81 

American History. 

1. French and Indian war. In western Pennsylvania. 

2. Answers will vary. 

3. Philadelphia. Independence Hall. 

4. Natives of Hesse-Cassel. They were hired by the British govern- 

ment to fight against the American colonists. 

5. For naval victories during the Revolutionary war. For the capture 

of Stony Point. 

6. General Winfield Scott. War of 1812. 

7. James Madison. James K. Polk. 

8. Answers will vary. 

g. In Virginia. For making an unlawful attack upon Harper's Ferry. 
10. 1876. The looth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence. 

Algebra. 

1. 7^. Explanations will vary. 

^x A- 19 

2. ' — -. 

3 

3. All the signs in the numerator of the fraction must be changed. 

4. ab{x -\- z) {x — z). 

5. Find the value of the same unknown quantity in terms of the other 

in each equation; place these values equal to each other, and 
reduce. 

6. x= ^-^ ' ; X = ^; from which, x = ^ ^ -. y = —, 

4 5 31 31 

7. X = 18, Siudy — 12. 

8. 8^3+12^/^2 ^6^^2_|_^3^ 

9 and 10. Examples and methods will vary. 

Book-keeping. 

1. An indexed book in which are entered (generally by pasting) the 

invoices (or bills) of goods purchased. 

2, 3, 4. See any approved forms. 

5. No. The creditor has accepted the note in payment. 

6, 7. See any approved form. 

8. Received payment. 

J. H. Osgood & Co. 

Per (name of person examined). 

9. Sept. 8, 1888. 

School Law. 

1. By adopting, at an annual meeting, by a majority vote, a resolu- 

tion that the district change from three trustees to one, and after- 
ward dispensing with the election of a trustee until the trustees 
then in office vacate their office by reason of expiration of term 
for which they were elected, or otherwise. 

2. (a) The School Commissioners, {b) The Supervisor. 

3. School district officers. 

4. One year. One for one year, one for two years, and one for three 

years. Three years. 

5. The teacher has no legal control over the pupil before reaching the 

school premises, or after leaving them upon dismissal. 



82 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Physics. 

1. They are made larger by heating, from the expansion of the iron. 

2. Run a hard rubber comb or a warm dry glass tube on a piece of 

woollen cloth; it will become charged with electricity and will 
attact small bits of paper. Other illustrations may be given. 

3. Malleability is that property of matter by virtue of which it may be 

hammered or rolled into thin sheets. Ductility is that property 
of matter by virtue of which it may be drawn into fine threads 
or wire. 

4. 32° and 212°. 

5. The snow is a very poor conductor of heat, and acts like a thick 

blanket which retains the internal heat of the earth in sufficient 
amount to gradually thaw the frozen earth. 

6. In the form of a tube. 

7. Capillary attraction. 

8. The air presses equally in all directions and the internal pressure 

balances the external. 

9. The different conductivities of the two substances. 

10. That portion of a body which, being supported, the body is sup- 
ported. 

Methods. 

The answers to the questions on Methods admit of so much variation 
that it would not be practicable to furnish the answers. 

Current Topics. 

1. Albany, Potsdam, Cortland, Oswego, Geneseo, Brockport, Buffalo, 

Fredonia, New Paltz. (Any six.) 

2. Seventy-six. 

3. Riverside Park, New York City. 

4. By means of elevated railroads. 

5. May 30th. 

6. Answers will vary. 

7. Answers will vary. 

8. Answers will vary. 

9. Abram S. Hewitt. 

10. A secret organization of locomotive engineers whose object is 
mutual assistance and protection for its members. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 

MAY 5, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 

(In the solution of problems, indicate every process.) 

1. Name in order, commencing at the left, the first five integral 

periods in Arabic notation. (10) 

2. How many yards of carpet 27 inches wide are required to 

carpet a room 27 feet by 22 feet 6 inches } (10) 

3. Find the cost of digging a cellar 30 feet long, 15 feet wide, 

and 5 feet deep, at 30 cents per cubic yard. (10) 

4. Define, {a) common multiple ; {b) abstract number. (10) 

5. How is the principal found when only the time, rate, and 

interest are known .^ (10) 

6. Express decimally \2\ per cent, f per cent, 2\\ per cent, ^^ 

per cent, and -f^ per cent. (10) 

7. A commission merchant, after paying §2.26 for freight and 

cartage, and deducting his commission, remits me $22.22 
as the net proceeds of a firkin of butter consigned to 
him. Find his commission at 4 per cent. (10) 

8. Find the true discount of $350 for i year 3 months and 18 

days, at 6 per cent per annum. (10) 

9. What is the difference in local time between two places, one 

of which is 14° 26' west of St. Louis and the other 19° 19' 
east.^ (10) 
10. Find the sum, the difference, and the product of 3f and \. 
(10) 

Geography. 

1. Name the "Great Lakes," and the outlet of each, fio) 

2. On what waters would you travel from Pittsburgh to Kan- 

sas City .^ (10) 

3. In what part of the State of New York are the following 

counties, viz. : Essex, Rockland, Greene, Orleans, and 
Chautauqua? (10) 

4. Name the largest city of Ohio. Of jMissouri, Of Pennsyl- 

vania. Of the world. (10) 

83 



84 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

5. Name and locate a lake of New York that belongs to the 

Mississippi River system. (lo^ 

6. Name the Gulf States in order from east to west. (10) 

7. Locate Dublin and Tokio. (10) 

8. What are meridians ? and what is their use ? (10) 

9. Until what time will the days in this latitude grow longer ? 
10. What bodies of water are separated by, {a) the Isthmus of 

Panama? {p) the Isthmus of Suez? (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. In what way does the Constitution provide that the smaller 

States shall have a larger influence in the legislative 
branch of our government, in proportion to their popula- 
tion, than the larger States? (10) 

2. What body has the power to try an impeachment of a United 

States officer ? (10) 

3. How often does Congress assemble ? When? (10) 

4. Why is the power to coin money vested in Congress rather 

than in the Legislatures of the States ? (10) 

5. Why does the government grant patents and copyrights ? 

(10) 

6. Where is the power to declare war vested ? (10) 

7. What is the electoral college? (10) 

8. When will the term of President Cleveland's successor com- 

mence? (10) 

9. Name two qualifications, prescribed by the Constitution, for 

eligibility to the office of President of the United States. 
(10) 
10. When is a person said to be '' adiniited to bazr ? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 



Afternoon. 

Composition. 

I. Write a description of the school-house where you taught 
last, or, if you have not taught, where you last attended 
school. 

Let your description be brief, and let it embrace these 
points : The size of the building, its material, its seating 
capacity, its general condition of repair, its hygienic qual- 
ities (such as location, means of heating and ventilation, 
provisions for light, etc.), its facilities for teaching (such 
as blackboards and other apparatus), and suggestions for 
improvements. 



May 4, 1888. 85 

Correctness and appropriateness of language. (25) 

Correctness in form and general, appearance. (23) 

Correctness in punctuation and use of capitals. (25) 
For remaining 25 per cent, see Regulations. 

Grammar. 

Sweet was the sound, when oft, at evening's close, 

Up yonder hill the village muroiur rose. 

There as I passed with careless steps and slow, 

The mingling notes came softened from hoXoys .—Goldsmith, 

Note. — The first four questions have reference to the above selection. 

1. What are the simple subjects of the principal clauses } What 

are the simple predicates of the subordinate clauses.^ (10) 

2. Give three modifiers of came. (10) 

3. Mention two adverbs, and state what they modify. (10) 

4. Select five adjectives (including the) and state what they 

modify. (10) 

5. Conjugate the verb forsake, in the passive voice, indicative 

mode, past perfect (pluperfect) tense. (10) 

6. Define a collective noun ; give two examples. (10) 

7. What parts of speech may connect clauses .^ Illustrate each 

by a sentence or sentences. (10) 

8. Write a sentence containing a declarative and an interroga- 

tive clause. (10) 

9. Write a sentence or sentences illustrating a phrase (prep- 

osition and its object) used, {a) adjectively, {p) adverb- 
ially. (10) 
10. illustrate by sentence a clause used as attribute, />., like a 
noun in the predicate, forming with an intransitive verb 
a predicate. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Describe the diaphragm. (10) 

2. What is the pulse .^ (10) 

3. What is XhQ ptcpi'l oi the eye } (10) 

4. Name two reasons which a teacher might give pupils in 

advising them to bathe frequently. (10) 

5. What would be good advice for a teacher of hygiene to give 

in reference to the times for eating.^ Give reasons for 
the advice. (10) 

6. What gland secretes the bile .^ (10) 

7- Describe the movement of the walls of the stomach when 
containing food. For what purpose is the movement .^ 
(10) 

8. What part of a bone is hardest ? (10) 

9. What beneficial purpose is served by the readiness of the 

blood to coagulate } (10) 
10. Does alcohol impart heat to the body.^ State some fact, 



S6 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

which you have observed or of which you have read, to 
prove your assertion. (lo) 

American History. 

1. What European discovered the Mississippi River? The 

Pacific Ocean, from the heights of the Isthmus of Darien ? 

(lO) 

2. After whom was this continent named ? Why was it so 

named? (lo) 

3. State facts relating to Nathan Hale. To John Andre. (10) 

4. For what was Robert Fulton noted ? Eli Whitney? (10) 

5. Who was the first candidate of the Republican party for 

president of the United States? Who was first elected 
president by that party ? (10) 

6. What European nation made the first settlements in the 

valley of the St. Lawrence ? In the valley of the Hudson ? 
(10) 

7. Locate Fort Sumter; Appomattox Court-House. (10) 

8. Name four American generals that have been elected presi- 

dent of the United States. (10) 

9. From what country did the United States purchase Alaska? 

Florida? (10) 
10. What was the last great battle of the war of 181 2 ? (10) 

Current Topics. 

1. Name six places in this State at which State Normal Schools 

are located. (10) 

2. How many members has the United States Senate? (10) 

3. Where is the burial place of General Ulysses S. Grant? (10) 

4. How has ** rapid transit " been attained in the cit}^ of New 

York ? (10) 

5. Upon what date does Decoration Day occur? (10) 

6. Name three of the leading magazines of the present day. 

7. Name and locate three colleges or universities of this State. 

(10) 

8. State something of interest relating to the royal family of 

Germany. (10) 

9. Who is now mayor of the city of New York ? (10) 

10. What is meant by the " Brotherhood of Locomotive En- 
gineers"? (10) 



May 5, 1888. 87 



ANSWERS FOR MAY 5, 1888. 



Arithmetic. 

1. Trillions, billions, millions, thousands, units (or ones). 

2. 90 yards. 

3. $25. 

4. {a) A number that is exactly divisible by each of two or more given 

numbers; (b) a number used without reference to objects or 
quantities. 

5. By dividing the known interest by the interest of one dollar for 

the given time at the given rate. 

6. .125; .0075; -24875; .0028; .0009375. 

7. $1.02. 

8. $25.32. 

9. 2 hr. 15 min. 

10. Sum, 4 11 ; difference, 2fJ; product, 2ff. 

Geography. 

1. Superior (River St. Mary's), Michigan (Mackinaw Straits), Huron 

(St. Clair River), Erie (Niagara River), Ontario (St. Lawrence 
River). 

2. Ohio, Mississippi, and Missouri Rivers. 

3. In the northeastern part bordering on Lake Champlain. In the 

southeastern part bordering on the Hudson River. In the 
eastern part bordering on the Hudson River. In the north- 
western part bordering on Lake Ontario. In the southwestern 
part. 

4. Cincinnati. St. Louis. Philadelphia. London. 

5. Chautauqua. Southwestern part of the State. 

6. Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas. 

7. Ireland (capital). Japan (capital). 

8. Lines on the earth's surface extending from pole to pole. Used in 

reckoning longitude, or measuring distance from east to west, or 
vice versa. 

9. Until the 21st of June. 

10. {a) The Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean, {b) The Mediter- 
ranean and Red Seas. 

Civil Government. 

1. By providing that all the States shall have an equal delegation in 

the Senate. 

2. The Senate of the United States. 

3. Every year. On the first Monday in December. 

4. That the coins and standards may be uniform. 

5. To protect inventors and authors in their rights, and to encourage 

and stimulate men to make useful inventions and books. 



SS Uniform Graded Examination Qitestions. 

6. In Congress. 

7. It is the Presidential Electors when assembled in their respective 

States to cast their votes for President and Vice-President. 

8. It will commence on the 4th of March, 1889. 

9. He must be native-born; he must be 35 years old; he must have 

resided 14 years in the United States. 
10. When an accused person is released from custody, surety being 
given for his appearance for trial. 

Composition. 
No answers can be furnished. 

Grammar. 

1. Subjects of principal clauses: sound; notes. Predicates of subor- 

dinate clauses: rose; passed. 

2. 1st, adverb there; 2d, adverbial clause as I passed; 3d, adverbial 

phrase from below. 

3. Oft modifies the verb 7'ose; there modifies the verb ca7jie, 

4. Sweet modifies sound; the modifies soiaid, murmur, and notes; 

yonder modifies hill; village modifies 7nur77iur; careless and slow 
modify steps; 77ii7igli7ig modifies notes. 

5. I had been forsaken ; thou hadst been forsaken, he had been for- 

saken; we had been forsaken, you had been forsaken, they had 
been forsaken. 

6. A noun which in the singular number denotes more than one is 

called a collective 7iou7t. Examples: school, army. 

7. Conjunctions, relative pronouns, and certain adverbs. (Illustrative 

sentences.) 

8. Example: He said, Will you go? 

9. Example: A coin of great value was found in the street. 

10. His answer was, / will go, or, the teacher's desire is that all 
should learn. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. It is a muscular partition separating the cavities of the chest and 

abdomen. 

2. It is the blood flowing through the arteries in wavelets caused by 

the pulsations of the heart. 

3. The small opening in the front part of the eye, through which the 

light passes in. 

4. (i) It produces cleanliness, which is desirable in itself. (2) It secures 

a healthful activity in the glands of the skin. 

5. Not more than four meals a day would be advisable. Meals should 

be regular. If a meal is taken just before going to bed, it 
ought to be a light one. The stomach, like other organs, needs 
regular periods of rest. The stomach, like other organs, needs 
to be at rest during sleep. 

6. The liver. 

7. The muscles in the walls of the stomach, by successive contractions 

and relaxations, keep the food in constant motion, and in this 
way the digestive fluid becomes thoroughly mixed with the 
food. 



May 5, i888. 89 

8. The outside. 

9. In case of wounds, the clotted blood stops further bleeding. 

10. No. It is related, on good authority, that Arctic explorers who 
use alcohol have less power of enduring the cold than those who 
abstain from its use. 

American History. 

1. De Soto. Balboa. 

2. Amerigo Vespucci. Because he visited the mainland, and called 

attention to his visit by writing an account of it, which was 
published. 

3. Nathan Hale was an American who entered the British lines to 

secure information for Washington, was captured and executed 
as a spy by the British. John Andre was a British officer who was 
appointed to negotiate with Benedict Arnold for the betrayal of 
West Point into the hands of the British, and was captured and 
executed as a spy by the Americans. 

4. As the inventor of the first steamboat in America. As the inventor 

of the cotton-gin. 

5. John C. Fremont. Abraham Lincoln. 

6. The French. The Dutch. 

7. Fort Sumter is on an island at the entrance to the harbor of Charles- 

ton, S. C. Appomattox Court House is in the southern central 
part of Virginia. 

8. Washington. Jackson. Taylor. Grant. Hayes. Garfield. (Any 

four. ) 

9. Russia. Spain. 

ID. The battle of New Orleans. 

Current Topics. 

1. Albany, Potsdam, Cortland, Oswego, Geneseo, Brockport, Buffalo, 

Fredonia, New Paltz. 

2. Seventy-six. 

3. Riverside Park, New York City. 

4. By means of elevated railroads. 

5. May 30th. 

6. Answers will vary. 

7. Answers will vary. 

8. Answers will vary. 

9. Abram S. Hewitt. 

10. A secret organization of locomotive engineers whose object is 
mutual assistance and protection for its members. 



QUESTIONS FOR SPECIAL EXAMINATION. 

JUNE, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 

(In the solution of problems, indicate every process.) 

1. What was the value May 3, 1888, of a note for $125 and 

interest at 5 per cent per annum, made Jan. 4, 1887 ? (10) 

2. Express in words the number composed of 3 units of the 

tenth order, 8 of the ninth, 5 of the seventh, and 4 of the 
third. (10) 

3. Find the cost of 7 lbs. 1 1 oz. of cheese at 1 3c. per pound. (10) 

4. At an election A and B were the candidates for Sheriff, and 

B received 1,211 majority. If the whole number of votes 
cast was 9,891, how many votes did each receive } (10) 

5. Required the height of a tower that casts a shadow 21 ft. 

when under the same conditions of time and place a staff 
10 ft. high casts a shadow 23 in. (10) 

6. Reduce ^^^ mi. to integers of the lower denominations. (10) 

7. Define (a) concrete number; [U) denominate number; (c) 

compound number. (10) 

8. On what principal will the interest for 2 yr. 6 mo. 15 da., at 

4 per cent, amount to $25.01 } (10) 

9. I have added 18 cows to my herd, thereby increasing its 

number 25 per cent. How many cows have I now.^ (10) 
10. Why does the value of a fraction remain unchanged when 
both terms are multiplied by the same number.^ (10) 

Geography. 

1. Name the five oceans in order of size. (10) 

2. Bound the United States. (10) 

3. Locate {a) Denver, (U) St. Paul, and {c) St. Louis. (10) 

4. Name {a) the city at the western terminus of the Erie canal, 

{U) at the eastern terminus. (10) 

5. Mention three leading industries of this State, and state 

something of each. (10) 

90 



June, 1888. 91 

6. What is the capital of Spain? Of Germany? Of Russia? 

(10) 

7. Name three islands of the Mediterranean Sea. (10) 

8. What island-kingdom east of China? (lo) 

9. W^hat is the Gulf Stream ? (10) 

10. Name a volcano (a) in Iceland; (^) one in South America; 
and (c) one in Sicily. 

Civil Government. 

1. Why do our National and State Constitutions provide that 

the terms of office of the Chief Executives shall be brief ? 
(10) 

2. How long is the term of office of a United States Senator? 

(10) 

3. What is meant by " majority " and " plurality" in an elec- 

tion ? (10) 

4. What is the name of the highest court in this State? (10) 

5. When do our presidential elections occur? (10) 

6. Which has the greater influence in electing a President of 

the United States in proportion to population, New York 
or Rhode Island ? Why? (10) 

7. Name the titles of the seven cabinet officers. (10) 

8. Name some act which, if committed, would be treason 

against the United States. (10) 

9. Why does the Constitution of the United States require that 

bills for raising a revenue shall originate in the House of 
Representatives? (10) 
ID. Who is Commander-in-Chief of the military forces of this 
State ? (10) 

Reading. 

To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

I. Write a composition, taking for your subject one of the fol- 
lowing vegetable products of this State, describing the 
plant from which it is obtained, the manner of cultivating 
it, if it be a cultivated plant, the manner of preparing it 
for commerce, and adding any other matters of interest 
pertaining to the subject: Flour, maple sugar, lumber, 
potatoes, hay, malt. Credits will be given on the merits 
of the composition with reference to three points: 
(i). The 7natter, i.e., the thoughts it contains. (25) 
(2). The correctness and propriety of the language used. 
(25) 



92 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

(3). The orthography, punctuation, use of capitals and 

general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 per cent, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

The Puritans brought to civil and military affairs a coolness of judgment and an 
immutability of purpose which some writers have thought inconsistent with their 
religious zeal, but which were, in fact, the necessary effects of it. — Macaulay. 

Note. — The first five questions following have reference to the above selection. 

1. Mention all the clauses, classifying them as principal or 

subordinate. (10) 

Note.— In naming clauses it is sufficient to include only the simple subject and 
simple predicate. 

2. Give all the modifiers of imututability, (10) 

3. Parse fully the second which. (10) 

4. Give syntax (case and why) of effects, (10) 

5. Under proper headings indicating the parts of speech, clas- 

sify all of the words of the above extract. (10) 

6. Write a sentence containing a noun in apposition with the 

object of a transitive verb. (10) 

7. Write a sentence w^hose predicate is modified by an adverb, 

a phrase (preposition and its object) and a clause (subject 
and predicate). (10) 

8. Write a sentence having a clause used as its subject. (10) 

9. Write synopsis (first person, singular number) of the verb 

be in the indicative mode. (10) 
10. By sentence or sentences illustrate the connection of clauses 
by three different parts of speech. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What are the lacteals ? (10) 

2. How is the redness of a drunkard's face caused } (10) 

3. What are the best times for cleaning the teeth .^ Would 

you use warm or cold water ? A hard or a soft brush } 
(10) 

4. Describe the action of a muscle by which it produces mo- 

tion. (10) 

5. How are the bones held together at the movable joints.^ 

(10) 

6. Describe connective tissue and explain its ofiice. (10) 

7. What muscular movement, necessary for respiration, is ob- 

structed by tight lacing.^ (10) 

8. What functions of the skin have led to its being called the 

"third lung" } (10) 

9. In what season of the year do v/e need the greatest amount 

of sugar and fat in our food } (10) 
10. In what part of the eye is the retina.^ Of what nerve is it 
a part .^ (10) 



June, 1888. 93 

American History. 

1. Why did the Pilgrims come to this country to make it their 

home? (10) 

2. Into what colony was Negro slavery first introduced ? 

When? (10) 

3. When and why w^as the Stamp Act repealed ? (10) 

4. Where was the Continental Congress in session during the 

Revolutionary War ? (10) 

5. What led to the Mexican War? (10) 

6. Name two prominent generals of (a) the United States 

army and (d) one of the Mexican army in that war. (10) 

7. During w^hat war and where was the battle of the ** Iron 

Ships " fought ? (10) 

8. State some facts about Sherman's March to the Sea. (10) 

9. Of what nation did the United States government purchase 

Louisiana? (10) 
10. What Chief Justice of the United States died a short time 
since? (10) 

Current Topics. 

1. How must the vacancy now existing in the Supreme Court 

of the United States be filled ? (20) 

2. Why is the income from our State prisons now much less 

than the cost of conducting them ? (20) 

3. What is Arbor Day in this State? (20) 

4. Name one of the two cities chartered by our last Legisla- 

ture. (20) 

5. Of what organization is T. V Powderly the chief executive 

officer ? (20) 



ANSWERS FOR JUNE, 1888. 



Arithmetic 

1. S133.32. 

2. Three billions, eight hundred five millions, four hundred. 

3. $1. 

4. A received 4,340 votes, B, 5,551. 

5. logjf ft. 

6. 78 rds. 4 yds. 4I in. 

7. (a) A number associated with objects or quantities. (If) A concrete 

number that expresses a single denomination of weight, measure, 
or money value, (c) A number that expresses two or more 
denominations of the same kind of weight, measure, or money 
value. 

8. $246. 

9. 90. 



94 Uniform Graded Examination Qttesitons. 

10. Because the number of equal parts expressed by the resulting frac- 
tion is increased in the same ratio that the size of the parts is 
diminished. 

Geography. 

1. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic, Arctic. 

2. North by British America, east by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf 

of Mexico, south by the Gulf of Mexico and Mexico, and west 
by Mexico and the Pacific Ocean. 

3. (a) Capital of Colorado, (d) Eastern part of Minnesota on the 

Mississippi River, (c) Eastern part of Missouri on the Missis- 
sippi River. 

4. (a) Buffalo, (d) Albany or Troy. 

5. Answers will vary. 

6. Madrid. Berlin. St. Petersburg. 

7. Any three of the following : Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Can- 

dia, Cyprus, or the Balearic Islands. 

8. Japan. 

g. Answers will vary. 
10. (a) Hecla. (d) Aconcagua or Chimborazo. (c) Etna. 

Civil Government. 

1. They are thereby restrained from assuming and exercising arbitrary 

or unlawful authority. 

2. Six years. 

3. A majority is more than half the votes cast; a plurality is more 

votes than is received by any other candidate. 

4. The Court of Appeals. 

5. On the Tuesday next following the first Monday in November in 

every leap year. 

6. Rhode Island; because she has as many Senators in Congress as 

New York. 

7. Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, Secretary of War, 

Secretary of the Navy, Secretary of the Interior, Attorney- 
General and Postmaster-General. 

8. For one of her citizens to make war against the United States, etc. 

9. Because the members of the House of Representatives more directly 

represent the people than the Senators do. 
10. The Governor. 

Composition. 
No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clause — Puritans brought. Subordinate clauses — Which 

writers have thought ; which were effects. 

2. Adjective, any phrase, of purpose ; the two subordinate clauses. 

3. Pronoun, relative, third person, plural number, neuter gender, 

agreeing with its antecedents, coolness and immutability, subject 
of the verb were and in the nominative case. 

4. Attribute of the predicate and agrees v/ith the subject which in the 

nominative case. 



Jttne, 1888. 95 

5. 

N'ouns, Pronouns, Adjectives. Verbs. Prepositions. Cojtjuntions. 
Puritans. Which. The. Brought. To. And. 

Affairs. Their. Civil. Have thought. Of. But. 

Coolness. It. Military. Were. With. 

Judgment. A. In. 

Immutability. An. 

Purpose. Some. 

Writers. Inconsistent. 

Zeal. Religious. 

Fact. Necessary. 

Effect. 

6. I saw Mr. Jones, the merchant. 

7. The children walked briskly to school, ivhen the bell rang. 

8. Who goes there ? was said by the sentinel. That man is mortal is 

certain. 

9. Present, I am. 
Past, I was. 

Future, I shall (will) be. 
Present perfect, I have been. 
Past perfect, I had been. 
Future perfect, I shall (will) have been. 
10. John writes and Mary reads. Mr. Smith, zvho was sick, has recov- 
ered. He came when he was called. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. They are vessels which absorb the chyle from the intestines and 

convey it to the thoracic duct. 

2. By the capillaries of the face becoming enlarged and distended with 

blood. 

3. Immediately after meals; not excessively cold water; a soft brush. 

4. It contracts, becoming shorter and thicker. 

5. By ligaments attached to either bone. 

^6. It is composed of fine, white, strong fibres; its office is to bind 
together the other tissues of the body. 

7. The muscles which raise the ribs are prevented from doing their 

work, because the constriction around the waist holds the ribs 
down. 

8. The functions of excretion and absorption, 
g. In winter. 

10. In the back part; it is a part of the optic nerve. 

American History. 

1. To find a home where they could worship God according to their 

own consciences, and educate their children as they pleased. 

2. Virginia. 1619. 

3. 1766. Because the British Government found it could not be safely 

enforced. 

4. In Philadelphia. 

5. The annexation of Texas. 

6. {a) Scott and Taylor, (b) Santa Anna. 



g6 Uniform Graded Exaraination Qiiestions. 

7. During the civil war. In Hampton Roads. 

8. Answers will vary. 

9. Of France. 

10. Morrison R. Waite. 

Current Topics. 

1. By nomination by the President and confirmation by the Senate. 

2. Because of the abolition of the contract system in prison manage- 

ment of labor. 

3. By act of the Legislature the first Friday after the first day of May 

is made Arbor Day, on which day special exercises are to be held 
in the several schools, under direction of school officers in ac- 
cordance with plans prescribed by the State Superintendent of 
Public Instruction. 

4. Hornellsville or Ithaca. 

5. The Knights of Labor. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
AUGUST 14 AND 15, 1888. 



FIRST GRADE, 

First Day — Morning. 

Arithmetic. 

(In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted.) 

1. What is the date of maturity, term of discount, bank dis- 

count, and proceeds of a 2-months note for S3oo> made 
and discounted in New York, July 10, 1888? (10) 

2. If a street vender buy 5 bushels of chestnuts for $18. 50, and 

sell them for 15 cents per liquid quart, how much does 
he gain ? (10) 

3. A broker buys for $65 a note for $70, due in three months. 

What rate per cent per annum will he receive for the use 
of his money, if the note is paid when due ? (10) 

4. The sum of two numbers is 27 lbs. 3 pwt. $ gr., and their 

difference is 12 lbs. 19 cwt. 21 gr. Required the num- 
bers. (10) 

5. What sum must be invested in 7 percent bonds at loi-J-per 

cent to yield an annual income of $980? (10) 

6. The list price of oil stoves is $15, but twelve stoves are 

sold for $126. What rate of commercial discount was 
allowed? (10) 

7. A farm fence 60 rods long is built 3 boards high and of 16- 

foot lumber. The top board is 4 inches wide, the middle 
board is 5^ inches wide, and the bottom board 7 inches. 
Find the required number of each kind of boards and the 
cost of the lumber at §13 per M. 

8. At the same rate of speed, what part of tlie water discharged, 

by a 5-inch pipe will a 3-inch pipe discharge.'^ (10) 

9. The State of New York is 320 miles east andjwest, exclu- 

sive of Long Island. Find the length of map of the 
mainland on a scale of one-twelfth of an incli to the 
mile. (10) 
10. Find the least number which divided by any integral' 
number between 5 and 12 will leave a remainder of i. 
(10) 

97 



98 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Geography. 

1. Bound New York State. (By political divisions and the 

Atlantic Ocean.) (10) 

2. Where does the Red River of the North rise ? In what 

direction and into what does it flow ? (10) 

3. Name and locate the largest city of (a) Illinois, (d) Lou- 

isiana, (c) California, (d) Virginia. (10) 

4. What bodies of water does the Welland Canal connect.^ 

What nation controls that canal? (10) 

5. Where are the Aleutian Islands? To what nation do they 

belong? (10) 

6. Name the large river on the bounding line between South 

Carolina and Georgia. What large city near its mouth ? 
(10) 

7. Describe an all-water route from Liverpool to Constanti- 

nople. (10) 

8. Account forthe mildness of the climate of Southern France 

(43° N. latitude). (10) 

9. When will the next winter-solstice occur? (10) 

10. Define (a) perihelion, (d) apogee, and (c) equinox. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. How are Postmasters of the more important post-ofhces 

appointed ? (10) 

2. Give the names of five county offices. 

3. How may a bill, which has been vetoed by the President, 

become a law? (10) 

4. Name one of the duties of the Lieutenant-Governor of this 

State. (10) 

5. What is the title of the highest judicial office of a county? 

(10) 

6. Where is the government of the District of Columbia 

vested ? (10) 

7. What is the constitutional requirement for eligibility to the 

office of President of the U. S., as to residence ? (10) 

8. Of how many members does our State Senate consist ? (10) 

9. How long must an alien reside in this country before he 

can become a citizen ? (10) 
10. How is this State prohibited from making a treaty with a 
foreign nation ? (10) 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects ; 
Arbor Day. 
A Summer Resort. 
My Favorite Game. 



August 14 and 75, 1888. 99 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
particular reference to three points : 
(i) The mattery i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

So live, that when thy summons comes to join 
The innumerable caravan that moves 
To the pale realms of shade, where each shall take 
His chamber in the silent halls of death, 
Thou go not like the quarry-slave at night, 
Scourged to his dungeon, but, sustained and soothed 
By an unfaltering trust, approach thy grave 
Like one who wraps the drapery of his couch 
About him, and lies down to pleasant dreams. 

The first eight questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming a clause^ include only its simple subject, and its simple 
predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
why. 

^"J phrase is meant a preposition with its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its simple (unmodified) object. 

A modifier may be a word, phrase, or clause. 

Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

I and 2. State what each subordinate clause modifies, and 
state whether it is adjective or adverbial. (20) 

3. What are the modifiers of realms? (10) 

4. Name five adverbial phrases and state w^hat each modifies. 

(10) 

5. Give two examples from the above extract, of each part of 

speech found in it, not considering articles and parti- 
ciples as separate parts of speech. (10) 

6. Parse to join. (10) 

7. Parse sustai7ied. (10) 

8. What is the syntax of quarry-slave? 

9. Give the syntax of the second and third nouns in the fol- 

lowing sentence: Mr. Jones, the baker, was elected presi- 
dent. (10) 
10. Write a sentence with a transitive verb whose simple object 
is a participle having an object. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. How are bones constructed to combine firmness and strength 

with lightness.^ (10) 

2. When a muscle is in action, how does it compare with the 

same muscle in a state of relaxation, as to length.^ As 
to thickness.'^ As to hardness.'^ (10) 

3. Why is it more wearisome to stand still than to walk 

about? (10) 



loo Uniform Graded Examination Qitestions. 

4. Name one or more provisions in the structure of the skele- 

ton, by which the body is protected from shocks and 
jars. (10) 

5. What occasions the necessity for food ? (10) 

6. What process must the fat we take as food undergo before 

it can be absorbed into the blood ? Describe the process. 
(10) 

7. Name five articles of food that are rich in albumen. (10) 

8. What fluid of the body has the pov/er to dissolve albuminoid 

foods? In what condition is albumen most readily dis- 
solved? When coagulated or uncoagulated? (10) 

9. Describe some experiment which you have seen, or of 

which you have read, showing the effect of alcohol on 
albumen. (10.) 
10. How does the function of a sensitive nerve-fibre differ from 
that of a mot or -fibre? (10) 



Second Day— Morning. 

American History. 

1. When and by whom was Boston founded ? (10) 

2. Why w^as Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts 

Bay Colony ? What settlement did he found ? (lo) 

3. What caused the French and Indian War? (10) 

4. For what is each of the following specially remembered : 

Benjamin Franklin ? LaFayette? (10) 

5. What made Valley Forge memorable ? (10) 

6. When, where, and why was the Constitution of the United 

States adopted ? (10) 

7. Under what circumstances was Alexander Hamilton killed ? 

(10) 

8. Between what cities and by whom was the first telegraph 

line built ? (10) 

9. Name two great battles of the Civil War in which the Union 

forces Vv^ere victorious. (10) 
10. To what political party did each of the following belong: 
Daniel Webster? Stephen A. Douglas? William H. 
Seward? (10) 

Algebra. 

1. What are ^/;;///dzr terms ? Write an equation made up of 

such terms. (10) 

2. To what is the square of the sum of two quantities equal? 

(10) 

3. Show that (a), the zero power of any quantity is equal to i, 

(U) any quantity having a negative exponent is equal to. 



August 14 and i^, 1888. 10 1 

the reciprocal of the same quantity with an equal posi- 
tive exponent. (10) 

4. Factor x^ —y*, finding three factors. 

^ . jv y . ax — by /- , , 

5. Given h — = I, and f- = c, to find the values of 

c c a — 

X and y. (10) 

6. Given x — -^^y = a, and x ■\- \y ■= b, to find x and/. (10) 

7. Expand (3^ 4- 2r)^ by the binomial theorem. (10) 

8. Extract the cube root oix^ — 3:1:^4-5-^^ — 3-^ — i* (10) 

9. Given .^-^ + 3;f = 10, to find the values of x. (10) 

10. Given x + j = 5, and x'^y 4- xy^ = 30, to find the values of 
xa.ndy. (10) 

Bookkeeping. 

1. In real accounts what are represented (a) by credits; (b) by 

debits.^ (10) 

2. Write a note for $75 and interest, payable in six months, at 

the First National Bank of Albany, N. Y., negotiable by 
endorsement, maker, William Douglass, payee, Henry 
L. Warren. (10) 

3. Required that the note above given be endorsed in full to 

George Wilson. (107) 
4-5. Rule form (a) of Day Book ; (b) of Cash Book. (20) 
6-7. Enter in ruled forms of Day Book and Cash Book, for 
Henry Perkms, the following transactions : (a) Aug. 14, 
1888. Henry Perkins bought of Miller & Bros., on ac- 
count, 20 firkins of butter, 2,095 pounds at 22 cents per 
pound, (b) Aug. 20, 1888. Henry Perkins paid Miller & 
Bros., on account, $350. (20) 

8. On which side of a cash account must the balance be en- 

tered ? (10) 

9. Give the rule for ascertaining net capital. (10) 
10. What are liabilities.^ (10) 



Afternoon. 

School Law. 

1. How may a trustee be legally authorized to employ a teacher 

who is within the second degree of relationship.^ (10) 

2. In addition to being a resident of the district and of full 

age, what are the qualifications, any one of which en- 
titles a person to vote at a district meeting? (10) 

3. Where does the law direct that the boundaries of school 

districts shall be recorded ? (10) 

4. Who are authorized to fix the rate of tuition for non-resi- 

dent pupils.^ (10) 



I02 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

5. What schools only are exempt from the provisions of the 

law requiring schools to be closed during the session of 
a teachers' institute? (10) 

6. What officer has power to remove a trustee or member of a 

board of education from office, for cause ? (10) 

7. Who is legally responsible for the safe-keeping of the 

school register? (10) 

8. What officer has authority to create a new school district ? 

(10) 

9. When is the beginning and when the close of the school 

year? (10) 
I What is the time for holding the annual school meeting? 
(10) 

Physics. 

1. What causes a balloon to rise ? (10) 

2. What is a vacuum ? (10) 

3. What must be the shape of a lens that magnifies ? (10) 

4. Upon what does the pressure of liquids depend? (10) 

5. What does a barometer measure? (10) 

6. What is meant by the speciiic gravity of a body? (10) 

7. Name the causes of the trade winds. (10) 

8. How does the length of a pendulum affect the rapidity of 

its vibrations ? (10) 

9. What is an echo? (10) 

10. How does elevation above the earth's surface affect the 
boiling point of liquids ? (10) 

Methods. 

1. What is the analytic method of instruction ? 

2. Why is the synthetic method especially applicable to pri- 

mary instruction? 

3. Why should objects be extensively used in primary teach- 

ing ? 

4. What is the chief value of map-drawing in teaching Ge- 

ography ? 

5. What mental powers are chiefly used (i) In acquiring ele- 

mentary knowledge ? (2) In retaining knowledge ? (3) In 
properly applying knowledge ? 

6. How does the imagination aid in acquiring knowledge of 

things beyond the reach of the senses ? 

7. Give reasons (i) For permitting pupils to ** look over" while 

others read. (2) For not permitting them. 

8. Apply the Delsarte maxim, " impression must precede ex- 

pression," to a method of teaching primary reading. 

9. (i) What is a mental power? (2) How is any mental power 

properly developed and strengthened ? 



Atigtist 14 and i^, 1888. 163 

10. How does a practical knowledge of Drawing aid the teacher 

in giving instruction in other subjects? 

11. Give reasons for separating class work into the four divisions 

(a) Recitation, (d) Instruction, (c) Drill, (d) Appli- 
cation. 

12. State, with reasons, the proper lengths of time that should 

intervene between preparation (study) and class work 
(recitation). 

13. For what objects should pupils be required to solve text- 

book problems before class ? 

14. Why is good ventilation essential to good study? 

15. How is the eye-sight of pupils affected who face a strong 

light? What is the remedy ? 

16. Give your views concerning home study by pupils in the 

public schools. 



Select ten questions from the sixteen here given. 
Current Topics. 

Twenty credits will be allowed for each of five of the following questions, to be 

selected by the candidate : 

1. Who is President of the French Republic? 

2. What rank in the United States Army was recently revived 

by act of Congress ? Upon whom was it conferred? 

3. What change in respect to the method of execution of the 

death penalty was n\a.de by the last Legislature of this 
State ? 

4. Give the names of the nominees of two of the national po- 

litical conventions recently held. 

5. What is meant by ** cremation " ? 

6 What eminent ex-United States Senator recently died in 

New York ? 
7. Whom did President Cleveland nominate for Chief Justice 

of the Supreme Court of the United States? 



104 Uniform Graded Examination Questions* 



ANSWERS FOR AUGUST 14 and 15, 1888. 



FIRST GRADE, 

Note.— It will be seen that the answers printed below are, in many cases, merely 
suggestive. Examiners will not be confined to the precise form or substance ex- 
cept where exact answers are required. 

Arithmetic. 

1. Date of maturity, September 13, 1888. Term of discount, 2 mo. 3 

da. Bank discount, $3.15. Proceeds, $296.85. 

2. $9.43- 

3. 30U per cent per annum. 

4. Greater number, 19 lbs. 6 oz. 11 pwt. 13 gr. Smaller number, 7 

lbs. 5 oz. II pwt. 16 gr. 

5. $14,210. 

6. 30 per cent. 

7. 62 boards of each width. Cost of lumber, $17.73. 

8. A- 

9. 26|- inches. 
10. 27,721. 

Geography. 

1. North by Canada and Connecticut ; east by Vermont, Massachusetts, 

Connecticut and the Atlantic Ocean; south by the Atlantic Ocean, 
New Jersey and Pennsylvania; west by New Jersey, Pennsylvania 
and Canada. 

2. In the northern part of the United States. It flows north into Lake 

Winnipeg. 

3. {a) Chicago on Lake Michigan; {h) New Orleans on the Mississippi; 

(r) San Francisco on the bay; (<:/) Richmond on the James. 

4. Lakes Erie and Ontario. England. 

5. The western part of Alaska. United States. 

6. The Savannah River. Savannah. 

7. Answers may vary slightly. 

8. It is caused by the warm westerly and southwesterly winds blowing 

over that section. 

9. December 21, 1888. 

10. {a) Near the sun (relating to the earth's nearness to the sun) ; {b) 
From the earth (relating to the moon's distance from the earth); 
{c) Equal night (referring to the time when day and night are of 
equal length). 

Civil Government. 

I. They are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 

2. 

3. It may pass both branches of Congress by a two-thirds vote. 

4- 

5. County Judge. 

6. In Congress. 



August 1 4 and 75, 1888. 105 

7. He must have been a resident of the United States for at least four- 

teen years. 

8. Thirty-two. 
g. Five years. 

10. By the Constitution of the United States. 

Composition. 
No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

I and 2. Adverbial clause, That thou go, modifies live. 

Adverbial clause, When su7?ivio7is comes, modifies ^^. 
Adjective clause, Ihat moves, modifies caravan. 
Adjective clause, Where each shall take, modifies realms. 
Adverbial clause, {Thoti) approach, modifies live. 
Adjective clause, Who wraps and lies, modifies one. 

3. Realms is modified by the adjectives, the and pale, the adjective 

phrase, of shade, and the adjective clause. Where each shall take. 

4. 1^0 realms modifies moves. 

In halls modifies shall take. 
Like quarry-slave modifies go. 
At night modifies ^^. 

To dungeon modifies scourged. 
By trust modifies siistained and soothed. 
Like one modifies approach, 
Abotit hif?i modifies wraps. 

To dreams modifies lies. 

5. No answer is needed here. 

6. To join is a verb, principal parts, join, joined, joining, joined, reg- 

ular, transitive, active voice, infinitive mode, present tense, used 
adverbially to modify the verb comes. 

7. Sustained is a verb, principal parts, sustain, sustained, sustaining, 

sustained, regular, transitive, passive voice, participle, past tense, 
used adjectively and modifies the subject tJiou. 

8. Object of the preposition like and in the objective case. 

9. Baker is in apposition with the noun, Mr. Jones, and agrees v/ith it 

in the nominative case. President is the predicate noun (attri- 
bute) and agrees with the subject, Mr. Jones, in the nominative 
case. 
10. John enjoys studying arithmetic. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The outer part is hard and strong, the inner part being hollow or 

porous. 

2. It is shorter. It is thicker. It is harder. 

3. Because in walking the muscles are continually changing from ac- 

tivity to rest, while in standing still, some are kept constantly 
contracted. 

4. There are elastic pads of cartilage between joints ; the bones are 

curved and somewhat flexible. 

5. All vital action causes waste of tissue; this v/aste must be repaired 

by the nutiimcnt of food. 



io6 Uniform Graded Examination QiiestioM. 

6. It must be emulsified, that is, separated into very fine particles 

which will thoroughly mix with water, as in the case of milk. 

7. Eggs, meat, grain, milk, cheese. 

8. The gastric juice. When uncoagulated. 

9 Pour alcohol on the white of an o^gg and it coagulates it. 
10. The sensitive nerve fiber is stimulated at the outer extremity, e.g. 
in the skin or muscle, and communicates the impression inwa7'd 
to the spinal cord or brain; while the motor nerve acts in the 
opposite direction, from the nerve centre outward to the muscle 
or skin. 

American History. 

1. In 1630. Puritan families under Gov. Winthrop. 

2. On account of his religious opinions. Providence. 

3. Previous inter-colonial wars and encroachments of the French upon 

the English colonial possessions. 

4. Answers will vary. 

5. The terrible winter sufferings of the American soldiers during the 

Revolutionary v/ar. 

6. 1787. Philadelphia. Because of the utter weakness of the govern- 

ment under the Colonial Confederation. 

7. In a duel with Aaron Burr in 1804. 

8. Baltimore and Washington. Prof. S. F. B. Morse. 

9. Answers will vary. 

10. Webster was a Whig; Douglas was a Democrat; and Seward was a 
Republican. 

Algebra. 

1. Terms made up of the sam.e letters having the same exponents, as 

2. The square of the first, plus twice the product of the first into the 

second, plus the square of the second. 

3. Proof, — — a'^-^ = a^; — = i; hence by Ax. a^ = i. 

Proof, — — a^-^ — a-^\ — = — ; hence a-^ — — . 
a^ a^ a a 

4. oc^-y^^ {x' +/) (.r^ - f) = {x^ +f) (x +y) (x - y). 

ay , l)c 

5. ^ = -,and^^~p-^. 

4^ + 3'^ , ^ — ci 
t>. X = , and y — . 

7 ^7 

7. 27a^ -\- 54^ V + 36ac^ + Sc\ 
•8. x' — X — I. 
9. jf = 2 or — 5. 
10. JT = 3 and y — 2. 

Bookkeeping. 
I. In real accounts, credits represent either sums paid to us or goods 
sold to us, on account, by the party with whom we keep the ac- 



August 1 4 and i^, 1888. 107 

count; debits, money paid by us or goods sold by us, on account, 
to the party with whom we keep the account. 

2. $75.00. 

, N. Y., Aug. 14, 1888. 

Six months after date, I promise to pay to the order of Henry 
L. Warren, seventy-five dollars, with interest, at the First Na- 
tional Bank of Albany, N. Y. Value received. 

WILLIAM DOUGLASS. 



Vh 







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TJ 


« 


)-i 


UQ ^ 





^ u 




H 




4-) 


V . 





>, 




OJ u 





4-5. See any approved form. 
6-7. Account is headed " Miller and Bros." 
(a) Entered on credit side of Day Boo,k. 

(d) Entered on debit side of Pay Book and on credit side of 
Cash Book. 
(See approved forms.) 

8. On the credit side of account. 

9. Subtract total liabilities from total assets. 

10. Debts that we owe — whether on account or bills payable. 

School Law. 

1. By a two-thirds vote of an annual meeting, or of a special meeting 

called for that purpose. 

2. First, — being entitled to hold real estate under the laws of New 

York and either owning or renting real estate subject to taxation 
in the district. 

Second, — being a citizen and assessed upon the last completed 
assessment roll of the town; for personal property in a sum not 
less than fifty dollars. 

Third, — being a citizen and the parent or guardian of a child 
of school age who has attended the district school at least eight 
weeks during the preceding school year and who still resides with 
such parent or guardian. 

3. In the office of the town clerk of the town or towns in which the 

district is situated. 

4. Trustees and boards of education. 

5. The schools of incorporated cities. 

6. The Superintendent of Public Instruction. 

7. The teacher. 

8. The School Commissioner. 

9. The school year begins Aug. 21st and ends Aug. 20th. 

10. The last Tuesday in August and at 7.00 p.m. if no other hour has 
been fixed by the district. 



io8 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Physics. 

1. The weight of the air causing an upward pressure. 

2. Space devoid of all matter. 

3. Convex. 

4. Pressure depends upon the weight of the liquid and the height of 

the column. 

5. The comparative weight of the air. 

6. The specific gravity of a substance shows how many times heavier 

it is than an equal volume of some other body. 

7. Heat and the rotation of the earth. 

8. The shorter the pendulum, the more rapid are the vibrations. 

9. A reflected sound. 

10. It lowers the boiling point. 

Methods. 
Answers cannot be given here. 

Current Topics. 

1. M. Carnot. 

2. The rank of general, Gen. Philip Sheridan. 

3. Persons convicted of capital offences committed after January I, 

1889, are to be executed by means of electricity. 

4. Democratic, Grover Cleveland and Allen G. Thurman; Prohibition, 

Clinton B. Fisk and John A. Brooks ; Republican, Benjamin 
Harrison and Levi P. Morton. 

5. Burning instead of burying the dead. 

6. Roscoe Conkling. 

7. Melville W. Fuller. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
AUGUST 14, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers will 

not be accepted. 

1. Reduce to decimals and find their sum f, ^4, U, /^^^r. (10) 

2. Reduce to common fractions .0125, .06J, .067J, .006325. (10) 

3. By what number must 3of be multiplied to produce 604^.^ 

(10) 

4. Divide 320 acres of land among A, B, and C, so that A shall 

have 15 acres more than B, and C shall have 27 acres 
more than B. (10) 

5. From 10 bu. subtract the sum of 3.64 bu., ^^ bu., and i bu. 

3 pk. 6.52 qt. (10) 

6. At 90 cents a yard, what will be the cost of a carpet for a 

flight of stairs of 18 steps, each 7^ inches high and 10 
inches wide? (10) 

7. Add 137 days to Aug. 14th, and give the resulting date. (10) 

8. Four men hire a pasture field together. The first pastures 

4 cows 18 weeks; the second, 5 cows I2|- weeks; the 
third, II cows 6| weeks; and the fourth, 9 cows 16 
weeks. What part of the rent should each pay } (10) 

9. \ is what per cent of ^ } (10) 

10. Find the interest on $1 for 3 yr. i mo. 29 da. at 5 per cent 
per annum. (20) 

Geography. 

1. Into what does the Potomac River flow.^ Which direction 

does it flow? (10) 

2. Name and locate the largest city of {a) Ohio, {b) Missouri, 

if) Michigan. (10) 

3. How can you travel by water from Chicago to New Orleans ? 

(10) 

4. What city of South America is on the equator? (10) 

5. Locate {a) Liverpool, {b) Edinburgh, and {c) Berlin. (10) 

6. Mention a peculiar characteristic of Venice as to its streets. 

(lO) 

109 



no Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

7. Where are the Himalaya Mountains? Name the highest 

peak. (10) 

8. Name and locate a sea of Asia which is below the general 

sea-level. (10) 

9. How does the climate of England compare with that of 

Siberia in the same latitude .'^ Why.^ (10) 
10. From what meridian do nearly all nations reckon longi- 
tude } (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is a democracy } (10) 

2. What is the meaning of the phrase, *' Taxation without 

Representation f ( i o) 

3. What is a limited monarchy? (10) 

4. Where does the power reside for imposing taxes for the use 

of the national government ? (10) 

5. In whom is the power vested to make treaties with foreign 

nations? (10) 

6. If neither candidate for the office of vice-president receives 

a majority of the electoral votes, how shall that officer be 
elected ? (10) 

7. Name one of the duties of an assessor. (10) 

8. What class of officers have power to issue a warrant of 

arrest? (10) 

9. What is an executive session of the senate of the U. S. ? (10) 
10. By what authority is the number of state senators pre- 
scribed ? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 

Ice Cream. 

The Violin. 

Industrial Education. 

How Nature Provides for the Protection of the 
Eye. 
Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
reference to three points : 

(i). The matter, i. e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2). The correctness and propriety of the language used. 

(25) 

(3). The orthography, punctuation, division into para- 
graphs, use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 

(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 



August 14, 1888. Ill 

Grammar. 

Labor 'sits enthroned in palaces of crystal, whose hiph-arched roofs proudly 
sparkle in the sunshine wiiich delighteth to honor it, and whose ample courts are 
crowded with the trophies of its victories in every country and in every age.— 
/?^z/. Netujuan Hall. 

The first eight questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its simple subject and simple predicate. 

In giving the synta.v of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

"^y phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its simple (unmodified) object. 

A modifier may be a ^vord, phrase, or clause. 

Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

1. What are the modifiers oi palaces? (10) 

2. What are the predicates of the subordinate clauses.^ (10) 

3. Give syntax of ?'oofs and sunshine. (10) 

4. Select (i) two adjective phrases, (2) two adverbial phrases. 

(10) 

5. What is the office of entlu^oned} (10) 

6. What modes (moods) are found in the above selection ? (10) 

7. Parse sits. (10) 

8. Parse the first whose. (10) 

9. Write a sentence containing a pronoun used as a part of 

the predicate (attribute). (loj 
10. Write a sentence containing a present perfect (compound) 
participle, i. e., a participle in the present perfect tense. 
(10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What is the normal number of molar teeth in the permanent 

set } (10) 

2. Of what use is the sense of taste aside from the pleasure it 

yields.^ (10) 

3. Where is the 7?iedul/a oblongata located ? 

4. Give the number and names of the bones in the fore-arm. 

(10) 

5. What is the proper temperature for a study-room, by the 

Fahrenheit thermometer ? (10) 

6. Describe a good way of arranging the window^s of a school- 

room for ventilating the room when there is no other 
means of ventilation. (10) 

7. Give an illustration of an involuntary muscle ; also give a 

definition of the term. (10) 

8. What cavities in the lower part of the heart .^^ (10) 

9. Name five organs which are located in the cavity of the 

abdomen? (10) 
10. Of what three parts is the ear composed } (10) 



1 1 2 Uniforra Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

American History. 

1. Who were the first explorers of the Mississippi Valley? (20) 

2. What event is associated with each of the following dates : 

1565, 1619, 1620, 1765? (20) 

3. Name one important event of each year of the Revolution- 

ary war. (20) 

4. What was the Geneva award ? What amount was awarded ? 

(20) 

5. With what great enterprise is each of the following names 

associated: {a) DeWitt Clinton? {b) S. F. B Morse? 
(c) Cyrus W. Field? (d) Ezra Cornell? {e) M. Bar- 
tholdi? (20J 

Current Topics. 

Twenty credits are allowed for each of five questions selected from the following 
by the candidate : 

1. Who is the only living ex-President of the United States? 

2. Who is emperor of Germany? 

3. Who are the Mormons ? 

4. What is meant by the words " boodle aldermen"? 

5. What is meant by the term " boycott " ? 

6. For what is Watkins, N. Y., noted ? 

7. State two methods of propelling street cars without the use 

of a steam locomotive. 



ANSWERS FOR AUGUST 14, 1888. 
SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic. 



I. 1.299609375. 

O 1 1 61 253 

4. A. 107 A. io6f sq. rd. — or 107I A. 

B. 92 A. io6|- sq. rd. — or 92I A. 

C. 119 A. io6f sq. rd. — or 119I- A. 

5. 3 bu. 3 pk. 3 qt. 

6. $7.88. 

7. December 29th. 

8. First man should pay -ff4s of the whole, The second, -jVA* '^^^ 

third, ^y^V. And the^fourth, Ifff, 
Q. 66f per cent, 
10. $.i5f|. 



August 14, 1888. 113 

Geography. 

1. Chesapeake Bay. In a south-easterly direction. 

2. {a) Cincinnati on the Ohio, {d) St. Louis on the Mississippi. 

{c) Detroit on the Detroit River. 

3. Answers will vary. 

4. Quito. 

5. [a) North-eastern part of England, on the Mersey, {b) Capital of 

Scotland, on the Frith of Forth, {c) capital of Germany, on the 
Spree River. 

6. The houses are often built on piles, and boats are used in the 

streets. 

7. In Southern Asia. Mt. Everest. 

8. Either of the following : Dead Sea, Caspian Sea, or Sea of Aral. 

9. It is much milder. It is owing to the Influence of the Gulf Stream 

and the warm west winds which blow over England. 
10. The meridian of Greenwich, which is the International Prime 
Meridian. 

Civil Government. 

1. A government by the people. 

2. It means that taxes are imposed upon a people while the right is 

denied them of having a voice in ordering the taxes or of dis- 
posing of the revenue. 

3. A monarchy in which the power of the monarch is restricted by 

the law. 

4. In the Congress, 

5. In the President with the advice and consent of the Senate. 

6. By the Senate of the U. S. 

7. 

8. Justices of the Peace or other judicial officers. 

9. A session for the purpose of considering treaties or the appoint- 

ment of officers. 
10. By the State Constitution. 

Composition. 
No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

1. The adjective phrase, of crystal, and the adjective clauses, whose 

roofs sparkle and whose courts are crowded. 

2. Sparkle, delighteth and are crowded. 

3. Subject of the verb sparkle, and in the nominative case. Object of 

the preposition in, and in the objective case. 

4. Adjective phrases, of crystal 2,riA of victories; adverbial phrases, in 

palaces, in sunshine, ivith trophies, in country, and in age. 

5. A participle, in the past tense and modifies labor. 

6. Indicative and infinitive modes. 

7. Sits is a verb, principal parts, sit, sat, sitting, sat, irregular, intran- 

sitive, indicative mode, present tense, and agrees with its sub- 
ject, labor, in the third person and singular number. 

8. Whose is a pronoun, relative, third person, plural number and. 



114 Uniform Graded Examination Questions, 

neuter gender to agree with its antecedent, palaces, is in the 
possessive case and modifies roofs. 
9. Example. // is I. 
10. Example. The boy having recited his lesson was dismissed. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. 12. 

2. We use it, to some extent, to distinguish proper from improper 

food. 

3. Below the brain and above the spinal cord. 

4. Two : the ulna and the radius. 

5. About 68 degrees. 

6. Raise the lower sash a few inches and insert a piece of board to fill 

the opening below; this allows a passage of air between the 
sashes which passes upwards instead of striking the heads of the 
pupils. 

7. The heart. An involuntary muscle is one which contracts and re- 

laxes without the direction of the will. 

8. The ventricles. 

9. The stomach, the liver, the pancreas, the spleen, the kidneys, the 

intestines. 
10. The outer ear, the middle ear or tympanum, and the inner ear or 
labyrinth. 

American History. 

1. La Salle and Marquette. 

2. 1565 — St. Augustine. 1619 — Slavery. 1620 — The Pilgrims' land- 

ing. 1765 — Stamp Act. 

3. Answ^ers will vary. 

4. The amount paid to Americans by England on account of the Ala- 

bama depredations. $5x5,500,000. 

5. {a) The Erie Canal, {b) The first telegraph line. {<:) The first 

Atlantic Cable, {d) Cornell University, (e) The Statue of 
Liberty in New York Harbor. 

Current Topics. 

1. Rutherford B. Hayes. 

2. Wilhelm n. 

3. The first settlers of Utah whose religion is based on the book of 

Mormon, which permits polygamy. 

4. Aldermen who were bribed to vote for certain measures. 

5.- An agreement among a large number of persons not to buy any- 
thing of certain individuals, or not to purchase of anybody 
articles manufactured by persons who are obnoxious to those 
making the agreement. The object is to compel compliance 
with their demands. 

6. Its Glen, a very deep and romantic chasm cut out by a stream of 

water. 

7. (i) by horses, (2) by electricity, (3) by a moving wire cable between 

the rails and below the surface of the ground. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
SEPTEMBER i, i; 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 

(In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted.) 

1. Find the value of a trapezoidal field whose parallel sides are 

12 ch. 41 1. and 17 ch. '^'j 1., and whose altitude is 13 ch. 
5 1., at $58 per acre. (10) 

2. A reservoir 8 ft. x 4 ft. x 3 ft. 9 in., holds how many barrels 

of water .^ (10) 

3. Explain the different quantities expressed respectively by 

24' yj", and 24 min. 37 sec. (10) 

4. Define {a) uniform scale ; {b) varying scale. Illustrate each 

by a number involving it. (10) 

5. A farmer sold 48.64 acres of his farm of 112 a. 96 sq. rd. 

What per cent of his farm had he left } (10) 

6. Find the cost of a pile of 4-foot wood 27 ft. long and 6 ft. 

high, at $5.50 per cord. (10) 

7. What is the interest on $128.40 for i yr. 5 mo. 17 da. at 6 

per ct. ? (10) 

8. Required {a) all the prime factors of 23,660 {F) all the odd 

integral divisors of the same number. (10) 

9. Find the diagonal of a square park containing 20 acres. (10) 

5 
10. Reduce to simplest form {a) f of -J of 2| ; (b) ?-. (10) 

iV 
Geography. 

1. In what two States is the greater part of Lake Champlain ? 

(10) 

2. Name and locate the capital of each of those States. (10) 

3. Name three New England States which border on the At- 

lantic Ocean. (10) 

4. Where are the Cape Verde Islands ? (10) 

5. What strait connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Mediter- 

ranean Sea.^ (10) 

IIS 



ii6 Uniform Graded Examination Otiestions. 

6. Name the countries on either side of the Strait of Dover. 

(lO) 

7. Into what does the Rhine flow? The Danube? The 

Tiber? (10) 

8. What two large lakes are the reputed sources of the River 

Nile? (10) 

9. State facts as to the wonderful fertility of the Amazon Val- 

ley. (10) 
10. Give two proofs that a spherical body represents the earth. 
(10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is an absolute monarchy? (10) 

2. What is the title of the highest executive officer of a county ? 

(10) 

3. Where is the highest judicial authority of the U. S. vested ? 

(10) 

4. Name one of the duties of a sheriff. (10) 

5. How are the judges of the Court of Appeals of this State 

chosen? (10) 

6. W^ho appoints the various committees of the House of 

Representatives of the U. S. ? (10) 

7. Who is the representative in Congress from your district ? 

(10) 

8. How may new States be admitted into the Union ? (10) 

9. Name one of the duties of a constable. (10) 

10. Where is the power vested, under the Constitution of the 
U. S., to declare war? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 



Afternoon. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 

County Fairs. 

The Prohibitionists. 

Language Teaching. 
Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 

reference to three points : 
(i). The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 
(2). The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 
(3). The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 
use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 



September i, 1888. 117 

Grammar. 

Arabia is destitute of navigable rivers, which fertilize the soil and convey its 
products to the adjacent regions; the torrents that fall from the hills are imbibed 
by the thirsty earth ; the rare and hardy plants, the tamarind or the acacia, that 
strike their roots into the clefts of the rocks, are nourished by the dews of the 
Ti'i^hX.. — Gibbon. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its simple subject and simple predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
why. 

By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its simple (unmoditied) object. 

A modifier may be a luord^ phrase, or clause^ 

Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

1. What are the simple subjects of the principal clauses? (10) 

2. What are the predicates of the subordinate clauses.^ (10) 

3. Give the modifiers of rivers. (10) 

4. Make a list of the pronouns in the selection, indicating to 

what class of pronouns each belongs. (10) 

5. What is the syntax of tamari?id} (lo) 

6. Parse into and destiiiite. (10) 

7. Name two nouns which are objects of prepositions and three 

nouns which are objects of verbs. (10) 

8. D^fint 2i per so7ial pro?wiai. (lo) 

9 and 10. By sentences illustrate the connection of clauses by 
three different parts of speech, and indicate to what part 
of speech each connective used, belongs. (20) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What name is given to the whole series of bones united 

together.^ (10) 

2. When a muscle acts, what effect does it produce upon the 

joint between its ends.^ (10) 

3. Name five articles of food that are rich in starch. (10) 

4. Name a fluid of the body that has the power to convert 

starch into sugar. (10) 

5. What important work is done by the muscular walls of the 

stomach while digestion is going on .^ (10) 

6. What ingredient of air is of vital importance in respiration } 

(10) 

7. When is a room well ventilated } (10) 

8. What prevents the pulse from being felt in the veins? (10) 

9. Describe a spinal nerve. (10) 

10. What is a tonic ? a stimulant ? a narcotic ? How could al- 
cohol be so administered as to produce either of these 
three effects? (10) 

American History. 

1. What portion of the United States was first settled by {a) 

the Spanish ? {b) the English ? {c) the Dutch ? (20) 

2. Who were the Huguenots? Why did many of them come 

to America ? (20) 



1 18 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions, 

^. For what purpose, and by whom, was Georgia first settled ? 
(20) 

4. When and where was Washington inaugurated president of 

the United States ? (20) 

5. Name in order the firstjive presidents, and give the length 

of time each served. (20) 

Current Topics. 

20 credits are gfiven for each of five questions to be selected from the following^ 
by the candidate : 

1. What specially eminent divine of this State died within the 

past two years ? 

2. Name two of the three cities chartered by the last Legisla- 

ture of New York. 

3. What is meant by the "township system" as applied to 

schools ? 

4. Name two prominent features of the ** Uniform Examina- 

tion" system, now in use in this State. 

5. What is meant by •* civil service reform " ? 

6. Who is now the presiding officer of the United States Senate ? 

7. For what is Saratoga noted ? 



ANSWERS FOR SEPTEMBER i, 1888. 
SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic 

1. $1,145.95. 

2. 28f|| barrels. 

3. 24' 37" is a measure of distance on the surface of a sphere or of 

angular space. 24 min. 37 sec. is a measure of time, or duration. 

4. A uniform scale is one in which the variation or step from any unit 

to the next greater is by the same multiplier. A varying scale 
is one in which some or all the steps are by different multipliers. 
Ex. I. 3.475, — uniform scale, 10. Ex. 2. 24 mi. 16 rd. 4 ft. 9 
in., — varying scale, descending, 320, 16^, 12. 

5. 56||# per cent remaining. 

6. $27.84. 

7. $11.28. 

8. {a) 2, 2, 5, 7, 13, 13. {h) 5, 7, 13, 35, 65, 91, 169, 455, 845, I,i83» 

5,gi5. 

9. 80 rods. 

0. {a) tS. ih) ^%\, 

Geography. 

1. In New York and Vermont. 

2. Albany, on the Hudson. Montpelier, on the Onion River. 

3. Answers will vary, 



September /, 1888. 119 

4. West of Africa in the Atlantic Ocean. 

5. Strait of Gibraltar. 

6. England on the nr^rth, and France on the south. 

7. The German Ocean. The Black Sea. The Mediterranean. 

8. Albert Nyanza and Victoria Nyanza. 

9. Answers will vary. 

10. Circumnavigation, shadow on moon, or appearance of ships at sea. 
(Any two). 

Civil Government. 

1. One in which the monarch's will is law. 

2. Sheriff. 

3. In the Supreme Court of the United States. 

4. 

5. By the people. 

6. The Speaker of the House. 

7. 

8. By act of Congress. 

10. In the Congress. 

Composition. 
No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

1. Arabia, torrents dind plajits. 

2. Fertilize and convey, fall, shike. 

3. The adjective navigable, and the adjective clause 7vhich fertilize. 

4. Relative pronouns, which, that. 

Personal pronouns, its, their. 

5. In apposition WiXh plants^ and agrees with it in the nominative case. 

6. Into is .a preposition and shows the relation between clefts and 

strike. Destitute is a qualifying adjective, positive degree and 
modifies Arabia. 

7. Objects of prepositions, rivers, regions, hills, earth, clefts, rocks, 

dews, night. Objects of verbs, soil, products, roots. 

8. A pronoun whose form is varied to indicate person is called a per- 

sonal pronoun. 
9-10. John came and James went away. Mr. Smith, who called, 
immediately left. They returned when they had finished the 
work. And \s> 2. conjunction; ivho is a pronoun; when is an 
adverb. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The skeleton. 

2. It may bend it if extended, or it may extend it if bent. 

3. Flour, corn meal, potatoes, rice, sago. 

4. The saliva. The intestinal juice. 

5. They move the food about in the stomach and so mix it with the 

gastric juice, and drive it out of the stomach when it is properly 
reduced. 

6. Oxygen. 



120 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

7. When there is free ingress of fresh air and egress of the vitiated air. 

8. The capillaries so obstruct the passage as to prevent the pulse wave 

from extending into the veins. 

9. It is a nerve, taking its origin in the spinal cord and extending from 

it, to the right or left, to some other part of the body. 
10. A tonic is a medicine that i'mparts vigor to the body. A stimulant 
is a medicine that gives a quick but transient impulse to the ac- 
tion of the heart. A narcotic is a medicine or poison that pro- 
duces insensibility to pain, or stupor, and in large doses, death. 
In small doses, properly administered, it acts as a tonic; in larger 
doses it becomes a stimulant; in still larger overdoses it becomes 
a narcotic. 

American History. 

1. {a) The southeastern part, including Florida and what is now New 

Mexico. 
{b) All the remaining eastern coast, except New York and New 

Jersey. 
(<r) The above-mentioned two States. 

2. French Protestants. To escape persecution on account of their 

religious beliefs. 

3. As a refuge for imprisoned debtors. By James Oglethorpe. 

4. April 30, 1789. In Nev^^ York City. 

4. George Washington, eight years; John Adams, four years; Thomas 
Jefferson, eight years; James Madison, eight years; James Mon- 
roe, eight years. 

Current Topics. 

1. Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. 

2. Hornellsville, Ithaca, and Middletown are the three. 

3. Each town has one school board controlling all of the schools of 

the town. 

4. No answer needs to be given here. 

5. The appointment of persons to offices of a minor character, as the 

result of competitive examinations, and the retention in office of 
the appointees. 

6. John J. Ingalls. 

7. For its mineral springs and its im.mense hotels. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION, 
SEPTEMBER ii, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Morning. 

Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers will 

not be accepted. 

1. Find the amount of an agent's sales when his commission 

at 5 per cent amounts to $37.65. (10) 

2. The tax on an assessment of $8,500 is $48.37. Required 

the rate on $1,000 of assessment. (10) 

3. A note is made and dated Sept. 11, 1888, and is made pay- 

able in 90 da5^s. Find the date of maturity. (10) 

4. Give the general principles of division. (10) 

5. What is the ratio of 5 bu. to 3 pks. 6 qts. (10) 

6. If 45 horses eat i\ tons of hay in 30 days, how many tons 

should last 84 horses 56 days } (10) 

7. The list price of a certain kind of stove is $38, and the retail 

dealer is allowed commercial discounts of 20 per cent, 5 
per cent, and 3 per cent. What price does he pay for 
the stoves.^ (10) 

8. Find the area of a triangle whose base is 22 ft. 8 in. and 

altitude 19 ft. 9 in. (10) 

9. A car contains 21,643 pounds of wheat. Find the value of 

the load at 92 cents per bushel. (10) 
10. On a note made and dated June 3, 1887, for $150 and inter- 
est, is indorsed a payment of $78, April 17, 1888. Interest 
at 6 per cent. How much remains due on the note to- 
day } (10) 

Geography. 

1. Name the rivers on which the following cities are situated, 

respectively : {a) Watertown, {b) Ogdensburgh, {c) El- 
mira. (10) 

2. Locate {a) Richfield Springs, {b) Saratoga Springs. (10) 

3. What river is the outlet of Otsego Lake } Of Oneida Lake ? 

(10) 

121 



122 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestion^. 

4. Name and locate an important city of Georgia and ox\^ of 

Tennessee. (10) 

5. Where are the Sandwich Islands ? Name the chief city. 

(10) 

6. Mention two prominent articles imported into the United 

States from China. (10) 

7. Which grand division has the most regular line of sea coast ? 

Which the most irregular .^ (10) 

8. Name in order, from west to east, the three great peninsulas 

of southern Asia. (10) 

9. What are isothermal lines } Illustrate by application to 

the United States. (10) 
10. Mention two effects of the earth's rotation upon its axis. 
10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is larceny ? (10) 

2. By what authority is the State prohibited from coining 

money? (10) 

3. What is the title of the highest executive officer of a State } 

(10) 

4. Why is the term of office of a Judge made longer than that 

of an executive officer? (10) 

5. Name two offices that are filled by officers elected by joint 

ballot of the two branches of our Legislature. (10) 

6. The Speaker of the House of Representatives can vote 

upon any question that comes before that body, while 
the Vice-President has only a casting vote in the Senate. 
Why this distinction ? (10) 

7. What are the requirements for eligibility to the office of 

President of the United States, as to age? (10) 

8. Of how many members is the United States Senate, at 

present, composed ? (10) 

9. What are the divisions of a city called ? (10) 

10. Why, in 1824, was the President of the United States elected 
by the House of Representatives ? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner, 

Afternoon. 

Composition. 
Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 
The description of a church edifice. Teachers' associations. 

The educational i^ifltience of good school-house. 
Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 

particular reference to three points : 



September ii, 1888. 123 

(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 
use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 

(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

In short, the city of Rome was enriched with the spoils of the whole world, and 
had that air of pomp and magnificence which suited the capital of the greatest 
empire that the world ever saw. — Feter Parley. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its simple subject and simple predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

^y phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its simple (unmodified) object. 

A modifier may be a 7vord, phrase., or clause. 

Infinitives are classed as 7nodes of the verb. 

[The first six questions refer to the above selection.] 

1. Classify the clauses as principal and subordinate. (10) 

2. What are the modifiers of the subject of the principal clause } 

(10) 

3. How is the predicate was enriched modified } (10) 

4. Give the modifiers of air and onpire. (10) 

5. Parse the first and and the first that. (10) 

6. Parse the second that. (10) 

7. Define a relative pronoun. (10) 

8. Write two abstract and two collective nouns. (10) 

9. Write a sentence whose simple subject is 2l participle. (10) 
10. Write a sentence having a clause used as subject. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What is the office of the epiglottis.^ (10) 

2. Describe the relative position of a pair of flexor and extensor 

muscles as to the joint they serve to move. (10) 

3. What change must starch undergo before it can be absorbed 

into the blood .^ (10) 

4. Name an inorganic substance in food of which the bones 

are largely composed. (10) 

5. In what way may the teeth be used to aid the stomach and 

lighten its work.^ (10) 

6. In what way does the oxygen of the air reach the blood } 

(10) 

7. Which way is the heart (above or below, to the right or 

left, in front or behind) from the right lung.^ From the 
diaphragm? From the sternum or breast bone .^ From 
the thoracic duct } From the stomach? (10) 

8. If the body came in contact with no external impurities 

would there be need of bathing? Why ? (10) 

9. Name four difTerent organs of special sense. (10) 

10. If a person drink alcohol in sufficient quantities to cause it 



124 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

to act as a stimulant, will there be danger of injury to 
the heart and blood-vessels? Give the reason for your 
answer. (lo) 

American History. 

1. Mention something of interest as to Andrew Jackson ; 

Henry Clay; John C. Calhoun. (15) 

2. Who was President of the United States for only one 

month ? (5) 

3. Mention one specially important event of each year of the 

Civil War. (50) 

4. Name three candidates for the Presidency in 1884, and state 

what party each represented. (15) 

5. State facts as to {a) Horatio Seymour, (b) Roscoe Conkling, 

{c) Horace Greeley. (15) 

Current Topics. 

Twenty credits are given for each of five questions to be selected from the fol- 
lowing by the candidate: 

1. What is meant by the River and Harbor Bill ? 

2. Name a candidate recently nominated for a State office by 

one of the leading political parties of this State and 
specify the office. 

3. What is meant by Presidential Electors ? 

4. Between what nations was the proposed Fisheries Treaty 

of 1888 negotiated } 

5. What prominent officer of the United States Army died in 

the summer of 1888? 
Who succeeds him.^ 

6. What is the Phonograph } 
Name the inventor. 

7. What is meant by a Wagner or Pullman car? 



ANSWERS FOR SEPTEMBER ii, 1888. 
SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic 

1. S753. 

2. $5.69. 

3. Dec. T3th. 

4. Multiplying the dividend by any number multiplies the quotient 

by the same number. 
Multiplying the divisor by any number divides the quotient by the 

same number. 
Dividing the dividend by any number divides the quotient by the 

same number. 
Dividing the divisor by any number multiplies the quotient by the 

same number. 



September //, i88S. 125 

Multiplying or dividing both dividend and divisor by the same 
number does not change the quotient. 

5. 5i. 

6. sHtons. 

7. I28.01. 

8. 223 sq. ft. 120 sq. in. 

9. $331.86. 
10. $81.77. 

Geography. 

1. {a) Black River, {b) St. Lawrence or Oswegatchie, {c) Chemung. 

2. {a) On Canadarago Lake in Otsego county, {b) near Saratoga Lake 

in Saratoga county. 

3. The Susquehanna. The Oneida. 

4. Answers will vary. 

5. In the Pacific Ocean. Honolulu. 

6. Answers will vary. 

7. South America. Europe. 

8. Arabia. Hindostan. Farther India. 

9. Lines of equal temperature. In the United States, owing to the 

influence of the warm currents on the west and the cold current 
on the east, the climate in the same latitudes is milder in the 
western part than in the eastern. 
10. Day and night. It is one cause of omx present changes of seasons. 

Civil Government. 

1. It is wrongfully taking the personal property of another. 

2. By the Constitution of the U. S. 

3. Governor. 

4. Because, from the nature of his duties, it is desirable that he be, as 

far as possible, independent. 

5. 

6. Because the Speaker is a member of the House, while the Vice- 

President is only the presiding officer, ex officio, of the Senate. 

7. He must be at least thirty-five years old. 

8. Seventy-six. 

9. They are called wards. 

10. Because neither of the candidates had a majority of the electoral 
votes. 

Composition. 

No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clause, city was enriched. Subordinate clauses, ivhich 

suited and that world saw. 

2. The subject, city, is modified by the adjective the and the adjective 

phrase, of Rome. 

3. The predicate, was enriched, is modified by the adverbial clause, 

with spoils. 

4. Air is modified by the adjective, that, the adjective phrase, of pomp 

and magnificence, and the adjective clause, which suited; empire 
is modified by adjectives, the and greatest, and the adjective clause, 
that world saw. 



126 * Uniform Graded Examination Qttestions. 

5. Arid is a conjunction and connects the predicates was enriched diWd 

had. 7 'hat is a specifying adjective and modifies air, 

6. That is a pronoun, relative, agrees with its antecedent, empire, in 

the third person, singular number, and neuter gender, is the ob- 
ject of sazv and is in the objective case. 

7. A pronoun which connects clauses is called a relative pronoun. 

8. Examples of abstract nouns, truth, justice^ hojiesty. Examples of 

collective nouns, school, army, assefiibly, 

9. Y.y.d.vd'^X^, Jumping frotn a moving railroad train is dangerous. 

10. Examples, 7 'hat study is useful is evidettt. ^' I will go, ^' was his 
ajiswer. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. To prevent solid or liquid substances from entering the windpipe. 

2. The flexor is on the inside of the joint or the side toward which it 

bends; the extensor is on the opposite or outside. 

3. It must be converted to sugar. 

4. Lime. 

5. They may chew the food until it is finely masticated. 

6. It enters the lungs and then finds its way through the tissue of the 

air- sacs, by osmose, to the capillaries of the lungs. 

7. To the left. Above. Behind. In front. Above. 

8. Yes. Because of the excretions that come frcm the pores of the 

skin. 

9. The eye, the ear, the nose, the tongue. 

10. There will be danger; because of the excessive action of the heart. 

American History. 

1. Answers will vary. 

2. William Henry Harrison. 

3. Answers will vary. 

4. Any three of the following. 

Grover Cleveland, Democratic party. 

James G. Blaine, Republican party. 

J. P. St. John, Prohibition party. 

B. F. Butler, People's party. 

Belva Lockwood, Female Suffrage party, 

5. Answers will vary. 

Current Topics. 

1. An act of Congress making large appropriations for the improve- 

ment of rivers and harbors in various parts of the country. 

2. Governor — Warner Miller. Lieut. -Governor — S. V. R. Cruger. 

Judge of Court of Appeals — Wm. Rumsey. 

3. Persons chosen in each State once in four years, to elect a president 

and vice-president of the United States. 

4. United States and Great Britain. 

5. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan. 
Gen. Schofield. 

6. A machine that records and reproduces sounds. 
Edison. 

7. A drawing-room or sleeping car specially provided with comforts 

and conveniences of travel, for which an extra charge is made. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
SATURDAY, OCTOBER 6, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 
Arithmetic. 

In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Express with proper abbreviations — twenty-four square 

miles, two hundred eighty-six acres, ninety-five square 
rods, twenty-two square yards, five feet square. (10) 

2. Reduce the number above given to acres, expressed deci- 

mally. (10) 

3. What fractional part of 31/j is I24? (10) 

4. Define (a) prime number; (p) involution. (10) 

5. Reduce |-fy| to its lowest terms. (10) 

6. What elements are required to find the per cent of gain or 

loss in a business transaction } Illustrate by original 
problem. (10) 

7. Railroad stock that cost I2if pays a semi-annual dividend 

of four per cent. Required, the rate per cent per annum 
of income on the investment. (10) 

8. Find the solid contents of a cube the area of one face of 

which is 256 square feet. (10) 

9. A certain quantity of paper will make 4000 copies of an 

octavo book. How many copies of a i2mo book will 
the same paper make ? (10) 
10. In what time will a note for $200, drawing ^\ per cent in- 
terest, double itself ? (10) 

Geography. 

1. Name and locate the two great mountain systems of North 

America. (10) 

2. Name a large river flowing into (a) Delaware Bay, {b) the 

Gulf of California, (r) the Pacific Ocean. (10) 

3. What great river is on the boundary between Texas and 

Mexico? Which direction and into what does it flow .> 
(10) 

4. Locate {a) the Falkland Islands, {b) St. Helena. (10) 

5. Name three large islands pff the southern coast of Asia. (10) 

127 



T28 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

6. For what is each of the following places especially noted : 

{a) Rome, {b) Athens, {c) Gibraltar? (lo) 

7. Bound Ohio by political divisions. (10) 

8. Name and locate the capital of {a) Wisconsin, {b) Michigan. 

(6') Ontario. (10) 

9. Name three counties of New York bordering upon Penn- 

sylvania. (10) 
10. Define equinox and solstice. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. For how long a term is the Secretary of State of this State 

elected.^ (10) 

2. In what bodies is the highest legislative power of this State 

vested } (10) 

3. Where is the power vested to grant city charters to villages 

in this State .^ (10) 

4. Name one of the duties of a town clerk. (10) 

5. For how long a term is the Governor of this State elected } 

6. For how long a term is a Representative in Congress 

elected.^ (10) 

7. What is meant by a Congressional district? (10) 

8. Why is our government called a representative govern- 

ment? (10) 

9. What is the title of the officer who takes proof of wills and 

attends to the settlement of estates of deceased persons? 
(10) 
10. What is meant by a quorum of a legislative body ? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 

A district school. The cultivatio7i of Indian-corii. A letter 
of a pupil to his teacher, describing vacation pleasures. 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
reference to three points: 

(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 
use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 

(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

There is a realm where the rainbow never fades, where the 
Stars will spread out before us like islands that slumber on the 



Saturday, October 6, 1888. 129 

ocean, and where the beautiful beings which here pass before 
us Hke shadows will stay in our presence forever. 
The first six questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its simple subject and simple predi- 
cate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

By p/irasf is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its simple (unmodified) object. 

A modifier may be a word^ phrase^ or clause. 

Infinitives are classed as »iodes of the verb. 

I and 2. What four modifiers of realm ? (20) 

3. Name two relative pronouns, and state what the clauses in 

which they occur modify. (10) 

4. What are the modifiers oi pass? (10) 

5. Give the syntax of realm. (10) 

6. Parse which. (10) 

7. Define voice. By examples illustrate both voices. (10) 

8. Give an example of the regular comparison of an adjective, 

and the irregular comparison. (10) 

9. Define a common noun. (10) 

10. Write a sentence containing a verb in the potential mode 
and a verb in the infijiitive mode. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. With what bone does the femur, or thigh bone, articulate 

above .^ With what below .^ (10) 

2. Describe the action, respectively, of 2l flexor muscle and of 

the corresponding extensor. (10) 

3. What effect has disuse, or inactivity, on a muscle.^ (10) 

4. Name some fluid of the body which is capable of emulsify- 

ing the fatty part of the food so that it can be absorbed 
into the blood. (10) 

5. What disease is often the result of hasty eating and insuf- 

ficiently masticating the food .^ (10) 

6. In which membrane of the stomach is the gastric juice 

secreted ? (10) 

7. Why is good ventilation necessary to good health } (10) 

8. Into what vessels does the blood pass after leaving the 

capillaries ? (10) 

9. What part of the nervous system is included within the 

spinal column ? (10) 
10. What is the use of the choroid coat of the eyeball ? (10) 

American History. 

1. What was meant by the phrase ''Taxation without repre- 

sentation " } (20) 

2. What incidents are recalled by the names John Paul Jones, 

Commodore Perry, and Admiral Farragut.^ (20) 



130 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

3. When, how and by whom was Vicksburg captured ? (20) 

4. Mention two great inventions of this century, and name 

the inventors (Americans). (20) 

5. Name two famous Americans who have died during the 

past five years, and state for what each was famous. (20) 

Current Topics. 

Twenty credits are given for each of five questions to be selected from the fol 
lowing by the candidate : 

1. What are "Trusts".^ 

2. Name the candidates of the two great political parties for 

Governor of this State. 

3. What noted astronomer died about the middle of last 

month ? 

4. Which States held their State elections last month? 

5. What has recently called attention to Jacksonville, Fla. ^ 

6. Mention the legal holidays in this State. 

7. The moneys used for meeting the expenses of the National 

Government are received from what source.^ 



ANSWERS FOR OCTOBER 6, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Arithmetic 



1. 24 sq. mi., 286 a., 95 sq. rd., 21 sq. yd., 5 sq. ft. 

2. 15,646.598 +a. 

n 160 

3- z^'^' 

4. A prime number is one that cannot be resolved into integral 
factors. Involution is the process of raising a number to any re- 
quired power. 

5' 3"T- 

6. The cost and the gain or the loss. (Problems will vary.) 

7. 6f|f per cent per annum. 

8. 4096 cu. ft. 

9. 6000 copies. 

10. 18 yr. 2 mo. 6 da. (No parts of days recognized.) 

Geography. 

1. The Rocky Mountain system in the western part, and the Appa- 

lachian system in the eastern part. 

2. (a) The Delaware. (/)) the Gila, {c) the Columbia. 

3. Rio Grande; southeast; into the Gulf of Mexico. 

4. {a) East of the southern extremity of South America, {b) in th~; 

Atlantic Ocean west of Africa. 



Saturday, October 6, 1888. 131 

5. Answers will vary. 

6. {a) It is the seat of the Roman Catholic Church, {b) it is the great 

city of Greece, {c) it is England's stronghold on the Strait of 
Gibraltar. 

7. North by Michigan and Canada; east by Pennsylvania and West 

Virginia; south by West Virginia and Kentucky; and west by 
Indiana. 

8. {a) Madison, on the Lakes; (/;) Lansing, on the Grand River; {c) 

Toronto, on Lake Ontario, 
g. Answers will vary. 
10. Equinox refers to times of equal day and night. Solstice refers 
to time when the sun has reached his highest northern or 
southern limit. 

Civil Government. 

1. For two years. 

2. In the Senate and Assembly. 

3. In the State Legislature. 

4. (No answer can be given.) 

5. For three years. 

6. For two years. 

7. A part of a State, or a whole State, that is entitled to one repre- 

sentative in Congress. 

8. Because the laws are made and executed by men who represent 

the people. 

9. Surrogate. 

10. The number of its members that must be present in order legally 
to transact business. 

Composition. 

No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

I and 2. Realm is modified by the adjective a, and the adjective 
clauses where rainbow fades ^ where stars will spread^ and 7uhere 
beings will stay. 

3. That; the clause modifies islands. Whieh; the clause modifies 

bciitgs. 

4. The adverb here and the adverbial phrases before us and like 

shadows. 

5. Subject of the verb is, and in the nominative case. 

6. Which is a pronoun, relative, and agrees with its antecedent, 

beings, in the third person, plural number, both genders, is the 
subject of the \^xh pass, and is in the nominative case. 

7. That property of transitive verbs which distinguishes their sub- 

jects as acting or acted upon is called voice. John lurites a letter, 
A letter is written by John. 

8. Large, larger, largest; good, better, best. 

g. A name that may be applied to each object of the same class is 
called a conunoji noun. 
10, I 'tfiay wish to go. 



132 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The pelvis. The tibia. 

2. The flexor contracts and bends the limb at the joint. The exten- 

sor contracts and extends or straightens the limb at the joint. 

3. It causes it to become soft and weak, and, so, incapable of use, 

4. The pancreatic juice. 

5. Dyspepsia. 

6. In the inner, or lining, membrane. 

7. Because good ventilation means a sufficient supply of oxygen to 

the blood, without which every part of the body suffers. 

8. Into the veins. 

9. The spinal cord. 

10. To absorb those rays of light which do not pass directly to the 
retina, so that they may not confuse the image by being reflect- 
ed to the retina. 

American History. 

1. The colonists denied the right of Great Britain to tax them unless 

they could be represented in Parliament. 

2. Naval battles of the Revolutionary War. Perry's victory on Lake 

Erie. The capture of New Orleans and Mobile. 

3. 1863. By siege. Grant. 

4. Answers will vary. 

5. Answers will vary. 

Current Topics. 

1. Business combinations formed by manufacturers or producers to 

avoid competition. 

2. Warner Miller, Republican; David B. Hill, Democrat. 

3. Richard Anthony Proctor. 

4. Vermont and Maine. 

5. The prevalence of yellow fever in a malignant form. 

6. The following days and half-days, namely : The first day of Jan- 

uary, commonly called New Year's day; the twenty-second of 
Februar}^ known as Washington's birthday; the thirtieth day of 
May, known as Decoration day; the fourth day of July, called 
Independence day; the first Monday of September, to be known 
hereafter as Labor day; the twenty fifth day of December, known 
as Christmas day; any general election day in this State; every 
Saturday from twelve o'clock at noon until twelve o'clock at 
midnight: and any day appointed or recommended by the 
Governor of this State or the President of the United States 
as a day of thanksgiving or fasting and prayer or other relig- 
ious observance. 

7. From tariff duties on imported goods, and internal taxes on 

tobacco, spirits, and oleomargarine. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 3, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Two persons start from the same place and travel in oppo- 

site directions, one at the rate of 4J miles an hour and 
the other at the rate of 7I miles an hour. How far apart 
will they be at the end of yj\ hours .^ (10) 

2. If a ton of coal last a family 21 days, what will be the cost 

of coal used by it from Oct. 17, 1888, to April 25, 1889, 
exclusive of either day named, at $4.50 a ton } (10) 

3. In a hotel the weekly wages of the clerk are $15, of the 

cook $7.50, of the porter §9, of the waiter §3, of the 
hostler $6, and of the errand boy $4. Find the average 
wages paid. (10) 

4. Require the cost of 11,723 feet of lumber at $19.25 per M. 

(10) 

5. Reduce 217 ft. 8 in. to chains and links. (10) 

6. A man was born May 24, 1832. What is his age to-day .^ 

(10) 

7. Find the cost of plastering the walls and ceiling of a hall 

72 ft. long, 50 ft. wide, and 22 ft. high, at 18-J cents a 
square yard, allowing 972 sq. ft. for openings and base- 
boards. (10) 

8. Find the cost of '^'j shares of railroad stock at ^6\, broker- 

age \ per cent. (10) 

9. A sight draft on New York was sold in St. Louis for 83542, 

exchange being at f per cent premium. Required the 
face of the draft, allowing no days of grace. (5) 

10. Find the exact interest of $625 for 23 days, at 8 per cent 

per annum. (10) 

11. If a promissory note become due to-day, and be not paid 

before noon, when rnust it be paid } (5) 

133 



134 Uniform Graded Examination Qitestions. 

Geography. 

1. Mention the incorporated cities and villages in your county. 

(ID) 

2. Name five forest trees common to this State; five grains; 

and five fruits. (lo) 

3. Name the provinces comprised in the Dominion of Canada. 

do) 

4. Where and through what channel or channels do the 

waters of your county reach the ocean ? (10) 

5. Name and locate the metropolis of each of the New Eng- 

land States. Same as to the Middle States. (10) 

6. Mention ten cities through which the Central-Hudson rail- 

road passes, and name the county in which each is locat- 
ed. (10) 

7. Until what time will the days in this latitude grow^ shorter.^ 

(10) 

8. Trace the most direct water-route from New York to Bom- 

bay. (10) 

9. Name the great races of mankind, and state the principal 

location of each. (10) 
10. What foreign country is especially noted for the production 
of tea? wheat? silk? wool? tobacco? coffee? wine? 
raisins? watches? olive-oil? (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is the title of the cabinet officer who has charge of 

the postal service ? (10) 

2. What is the name of the body in which the legislative 

power of the U. S. is vested ? (10) 

3. After a bill has passed both houses of Congress, what must 

next be done before it can become a law? (10) 

4. Where is the power to raise and support armies for the U. 

S. service vested? (10) 

5. Who has the power to pardon criminals who have been 

convicted and sentenced in the courts of this State? (10) 

6. Name one of the duties of a supervisor. (10) 

7. Of how many members does the State Senate of New York 

consist? (10) 

8. For how long a period are the judges of the Court of Ap- 

peals of this State chosen ? (10) 

9. In whom is the power vested to convene the Congress in 

extra session ? (10) 

10. How often must the Congress assemble by law? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner, 



Saturday, November ^, 1888. 135 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects: 
A NoRiMAL School. 
Bees. 
A Teachers' Institute. 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
particular reference to three points : 

(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 
use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 

(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

'Tis a time 

For memory and for tears. 

Within the deep, still chambers of the heart, a spectre dim, 

Whose tones are like the wizard voice of Time, 

Heard from the tomb of Ag^es, points its cold 

And solemn fingers to the beautiful 

And holy visions that have passed away 

And left no shadow of their loveliness 

On the dead waste of life. — Prentiss. 

The first eight questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its simple subject and simple predi- 
cate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give 
only the preposition and its simple (unmodified) object. 

A modifier may be a ivord^ piirase^ or clause. 

Infinitives are classed as ?nodes of the verb. 

1. Which are the principal clauses } Which are the subordi- 

nate clauses.^ (10) 

2. Q\M^ four modifiers of voice. (10) 

3. The phrase ivithhi chambers modifies w^hat ? (10) 

4. Give four modifiers of visions. (10) 

5. Give the syntax of time in the first line ? (10) 

6. Give the four principal parts of the verbs are and heard. 

(10) 

7 and 8. Write the synopsis of the verb have in the indicative 
mode, naming each tense and using the first person. (20) 

9. Name one each of all parts of speech found in the selec- 
tion. (10) 
10. Write a sentence containing an objective clause. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. In what condition must the flexor and the extensor muscle 

be, respectively, to hold the limb straight and rigid .^ (10) 

2. What circumstance stimulates the salivary glands to secrete 

the saliva copiously.^ (10) 



136 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

3. What circumstance stimulates the flow of the gastric juice ? 

(10) 

4. By what muscular action is the cavity of the chest en- 

larged ? (10) 

5. What causes the air to pass down the trachea into the 

lungs when the cavity of the chest is enlarged ? (10) 

6. Why does a weak person or an invalid need more clothing 

than a person of robust health? (10) 

7. Why does the fracture of the spinal column produce paral- 

ysis? (10) 

8. In what way does the action of the muscles aid the heart 

and lighten its labors ? (10) 

9. What effect has the presence of alcohol in large quantities 

in the stomach, on the lining membrane of the stomach, 
and on the flow and action of the gastric juice ? (10) 
10. Where is the organ of the voice located ? What is it 
called ? (10) 

American History. 

1. Describe the capture of Ticonderoga by Ethan Allen. (20) 

2. By whom w^as Stony Point captured? During what w^ar? 

(20) 

3. Why were New York and Pennsylvania so named ? (20) 

4. Mention two specially important events of i860? (20) 

5. By whom and under what circumstances was President 

Garfield killed ? (20) 

Current Topics. 

Twenty credits are ^iven for each of five questions to be selected from the 
following by the candidate : 

1. What is meant by " Home Rule"? 

2. Who is the most celebrated American explorer of recent 

times? Locate his field of work. 

3. What is meant by a " corner," as used in connection with 

the late advance in the price of wheat? 

4. Mention five European sovereigns or rulers, naming coun- 

tries ruled respectively. 

5. Define ** bankruptcy." 

6. Name three educational journals. 

7. How must the death penalty be inflicted in this State after 

Dec. 31, 1888? 



Saturday, November j, 1888. 137 



ANSWERS FOR NOVEMBER 3, 1888. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Note. — It will be seen that the answers below are in many cases merely sug- 
gestive. 

Arithmetic. 

1. 453i miles. 

2. $40.50. 

3. $7.4if per week. 

4. 225.67. 

5. 3 ch. 29.8 1., nearly. 

6. 56 yr. 5 mo. 9 da. 

7. 166.58. 

8. I6664.63 . 

9. ^515-63, face of draft. 

10. $3.15. 

11. Monday, November 5. 

Geography. 

1. Answers must vary. 

2. Answers will vary. 

3. British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, 

Nova Scotia, and Prince Edward Island. 

4. Answers must vary. 

5. Maine, Portland, on Casco Bay; New Hampshire, Manchester, 

on the Merrimac River; Vermont, Burlington, on Lake Cham- 
plain; Massachusetts, Boston, on Boston Harbor; Rhode Is- 
land, Providence, on Providence Bay; Connecticut, New Haven, 
on New Haven Bay. 

New York, New York, on New York Bay; Pennsylvania, 
Philadelphia, on the Delaware River; New Jersey, Newark, on 
Newark Bay; Delaware, Wilmington, at the confluence of the 
Brandywine and Christiana Creeks. 

6. Answers will vary. 

7. Until December 21. 

8. New York Bay, The Narrows, Atlantic Ocean, Strait of Gibral- 

tar, Mediterranean Sea, Suez Canal, Red Sea, Strait of Babel- 
Mandeb, Gulf of Aden, and Arabian Sea. 

9. Caucasian, Europe and U. S. ; Mongolian, eastern and central 

Asia; Ethiopian. Africa and America; Malay, East India and 
Pacific Islands; Indian, America. 

10. China produces tea; Australia and Russia, wheat; France, silk; 

Australia, wool; Sumatra, tobacco; Arabia, East India, and 
Brazil, coffee-j France, wine; Spain, raisins; Switzerland, watches; 
Italy, olive-oil. 



138 Uniform Graded Examination QtiesHons. 

Civil Government. 

1. Postmaster-General. 

2. The Congress. 

3. It must be submitted to the President for his approval or disap- 

proval. 

4. In the Congress. 

5. The Governor. 

6. Answers Vv^ill vary. 

7. Thirty-two. 

8. For fourteen years. 
g. In the President. 

10. Annually. 

Composition. 
No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clauses, * Tis time and spect^-e points. Subordinate, 

Whose to7ies are like voice, and that have passed, and left. 

2. The adjectives the and wizard, the adjective phrase of Ti7ne, and 

the participle heard. 

3. Points. 

4. The adjectives the, beautiful, and holy, and the adjective clauses 

that have passed, and left. 

5. Predicate noun (attribute), and agrees with the subject it in the 

7io7ninative case. 

6. Am (be), was, being, been. 
Hear, heard, hearing, heard. 

7 and 8. Present, I have; past, I had; future, I shall (will) have; 
present perfect, I have had; past perfect, I had had; future per- 
fect, I shall (will) have had. 

g. No answers need to be given here. 
10. Examples, He said that he would go. He replied, I will go. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. They must both be contracted. 

2. The presence of palatable food in the mouth, or even the thought 

of it. 

3. The presence of food in the stomach. 

4. By the contraction of the muscular fibres of the diaphragm, and 

the intercostal muscles; in the former case, the diaphragm is 
lowered, and in the latter case the ribs are raised. 

5. The pressure of the atmosphere. 

6. Because the heat of the body, called animal heat, is produced by 

the action, chemical and muscular, going on in the body; and 
this vital action is more intense in proportion to the physical 
strength. Hence the greater heat and less need of protection in 
the case of the robust person. 

7. Because injury is done to the spinal cord, which cuts off nerve- 

communication between the part of the body below the fracture 
and the brain; this is paralysis. 



Saturday, November ^, 1888. 139 

8. The active muscle presses the veins ramifying through it, and so 

forces the blood on its way, the valves in the veins preventing 
the blood from flowing backward. 

9. It inflames the lining of the stomach; this impedes the flow of gas- 

tric juice, and so retards gastric digestion. 
10. It is located in the throat at the top of the trachea. It is called 
the larynx. 

American History. 

1. Answers will vary. 

2. General Wayne. Revolutionary War. 

3. New York was named after the Duke of York. Pennsylvania 

means Penn's woods. 

4. The two most important are the election of Lincoln and the seces- 

sion of South Carolina. 

5. By Charles J. Guiteau, in a railway station in Washington. 

Current Topics. 

1. The rule of a country, province, or state by a legislature sitting 

within it, and whose representative members are elected solely 
by its inhabitants. 

2. Henry M. Stanley. South Central Africa. 

3. See supplement to Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. 

4. Victoria I., Queen of Great Britain; 
Maria Christina, Queen- Regent of Spain; 
M. Sadi-Carnot, President of France; 

W. F. Hertenstein, President of Switzerland; 
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria; 
William II., Emperor of Germany; 
Alexander III., Emperor of Russia; 
Humbert I., King of Italy; 
Oscar II., King of Sweden and Norway; 
Luis I., King of Portugal; 
George I., King of Greece; 
Christian IX., King of Denmark; 
Willem III., King of Netherlands; 
Leopold II., King of Belgium; 
Abdul Hamid II., Sultan of Turkey. 

5. The state of a person or firm whose business is stopped and broken 

up because he is insolvent. 

6. Answers will vary. 

7. After Decernber 31, 1888, the punishment of death must in every 

case be inflicted by causing to pass through the body of the 
convict a current of electricity of sufficient intensity to cause 
death, and the application of such current must be continued 
until such convict is dead. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
SATURDAY, JANUARY 5, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Define {a) a fraction ; {b) an improper fraction. (10) 

2. Express, in arabic notation, five trillions, twenty billions, 

seven hundred forty thousand. (10) 

3. Multiply 17I+ 13! by | of 27. (10) 

4. Find the cost of 3846 pounds of hay at $15 per ton. (10) 

5. Find the greatest common divisor of 42, 112, 140, and 308 

by factoring ; the least common multiple of the same 
numbers by factoring. (10) 

6. Make and solve a problein involving compound proportion. 

(10) 

7. What is the length of the diagonal of a square field contain- 

ing 40 acres } (10) 

8. Required the cost of 75 scantlings 2 in. by 4 in. by 16 ft. 

long at $12 per M, board measure. (10) 

9. The premium on a fire-insurance policy at | of i per cent 

was $140. Required the face of the policy. (10) 
10. A note for $324.61, and interest, amounted to $384.13 2 yr. 
7 mo. 13 da. after date, when it was paid. Required the 
rate per cent per annum. (10) 

Geography. 

1. Define river-basin. (10) 

2. What are the equinoxes.^ (10) 

3. Locate by counties the following important villages: {a) 

Glens Falls, {b) Canandaigua, {c) Flushing, {d) Port 
Jervis, {e) Lyons, (/) Little Falls, {g) Batavia, (//) Corn- 
ing, {i) Plattsburg, and {j) Oswego. (10) 

4. Mention five important railroads crossing any part of this 

State. (10) 

5. Bound your county by political divisions. (10) 

6. Name and locate five cities situated on the great lakes. 

(10) 

140 



Saturday, January ^, i88g. 141 

7. Which States have neither sea-coast nor lake-coast ? (10) 

8. Name in order of their importance three empires and two 

republics. (10) 

9. Name five mountain ranges in Europe. (10) 
10. How are tides produced? (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is a constitution ? (10) 

2. Who is constituted the presiding officer of the United 

States Senate, and when is he entitled to vote upon any 
question before the Senate ? (10) 

3. What is the right of suffrage? Is it a natural or a civil 

right? (10) 

4. Name your Member of Assembly ; your Congressman- 

elect. (10) 

5. How is the number of Presidential electors determined ? 

How many were elected at the last general election.^ 
(10) 

6. What is the " President's Message"? (10) 

7. What is the county legislature called, and how often does 

it meet? (10) 

8. Name five town officers, and mention a duty of each. (10) 

9. For how long a term is each of the following officers 

elected: {a) Governor? [U) Comptroller? {c) State 
Superintendent of Public Instruction ? (</) Sheriff ? 
{e) County Judge ? (10) 
10. Define specific and ad valorem duties. (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects: 

The New Year. 

The Influence of Good Books. 

The Teacher's Opportunities. 

Civil Service Reform. 
Credits will be given on the merits of the composition 
with particular reference to three points : 

(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 



142 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Locate the following : {a) patella, {b) ulna, {c) sacrum, {d) 

sternum, {e) occipital bone. (lo) 

2. Mention three uses of the muscles. (lo) 

3. Name the organs of mastication and deglutition. (10) 

4. What difference is there in structure between the arteries 

and veins? (10) 

5. Mention two kinds of nerve-tissue. Which is more abun- 

dant .^ (10) 

6. Name the parts of the eye. (10) 

7. Why is bathing important to health .^ (10) 

8. Define food. (10) 

9. What properties does oatmeal possess as a food.^ (lo) 
10. Mention two desirable qualities in clothing. (10) 

Grammar. 

Alexander rose early. The first moments of the day were 
consecrated to private devotion, and his domestic chapel was 
filled with the images of those heroes who by improving or 
reforming human life, had deserved the grateful reverence of 
posterity. — Gibbon. 

The first eight questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming- a clause, include only its simple subject and simple predi- 
cate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

'By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its simple (unmodified) object. 

A modifier may be a word, phrase, or clause. 

Injim'tives are classed as modes of the verb. 

Only eight parts of speech are recognized— the articles, ike and a, forming a 
subdivision of adjectives, and participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

In parsing verbs, observe the following order : Principal parts, regular or irregu- 
lar, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement. 

1. Classify all the clauses as principal or subordinate. (8) 

2. Give a list of all the verbs, with voice of each. (12) 

3. Parse the first verb. (10) 

4. Select and write in a column the following: {a) a relative 

pronoun, (b) a pronoun in the possessive case, (<f) a par- 
ticiple used like a noun and in the objective case, {d) an 
adverb, {e) an adjective clause, (/) a noun used as object 
of a transitive verb, {g) an adverbial phrase, (//) an ad- 
jective phrase, {z) a qualifying (descriptive) adjective, 
(^') a specifying (limiting) adjective. (20) 

5. Give synopsis (first person, singular) of the verb deserve in 

all the tenses of the indicative mode. (6) 

6. Compare early, (3) 

7. Name and classify the modifiers of the second subject, 

7no7nents. (6) 



Saturday, January 'y, i88g. 143 

8. {a) Write the second clause, changing the voice of the verb ; 

ip) State how to change the active voice of any transitive 
verb to the passive voice. (10) 

9. Write a sentence containing a noun in apposition with the 

subject. Write a sentence containing a pronoun used as 
attribute (predicate noun). (10) 
10. Illustrate, by sentence or sentences, the use of {a) a plural 
noun in the possessive case, {b) a verb having two sub- 
jects, (6-) a verb having two objects. (15) 

American History. 

1. In connection with the exploration and settlement of this 

continent, mention (a) an Englishman, {b) a Spaniard, 
(c) an Italian, and {d) a Frenchman. (20) 

2. What nation, or people, colonized this State } Name and 

■ locate two early settlements. (20) 

3. What historical event is connected with the following 

names : {a) Oliver H. Perry; (J?) Trenton ; {c) Samuel F. 
B. Morse; {d) De Witt Clinton ; {e) A. Graham Bell; 
(/) the Monitor ; {g) Dred Scott ; {h) Peter Stuyvesant ; 
(/) Tippecanoe ; {j) Brigham Young } (20) 

4. Mention five acquisitions of territory made by the United 

States. (20) 

5. Which States passed secession ordinances after the general 

election of i860 } (20) 

Current Topics. 

Twenty credits are given for each of five questions to be selected from the fol- 
lowing by the candidate : 

1. Who has just been elected Speaker of the Assembly.? 

2. What noted Englishman recently wedded an American 

bride } and who was the lady } 

3. What educational meeting will be held in New York City 

next week } 

4. Who is the central figure in French politics at present } 

5. What foreign minister was recently dismissed by President 

Cleveland ? 

6. What nation recently seized one of our merchant vesssls ? 

And what action in connection therewith was immediately 
taken by our Government ? 

7. What is meant by " the surplus," so often mentioned in 

discussions of the national financial policy.? 



144 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 



ANSWERS FOR JANUARY 5, 1889. 



Arithmetic. 

1. (a) A fraction is one or more of the equal parts of an integral unit 

— or a fraction is a fractional unit or a collection of fractional 
units, (d) One whose numerator equals or exceeds its denom- 
inator. 

2. 5,020,000,740,000. 

3- 637f- 

4. $28.85. 

5. 42 = 2 X 3 X 7. 

112 = 2X 2 X 2X 2X 7, 
140 = 2 X 2 X 5 X 7. 
308 = 2X2X7X11. 
2 X 7 ^ 14, G. C. D. 
2X2X2X2X3X5X7+11 = 18,480, L. C. M. 

6. Answers will vary. Note that the problem may have either one 

or two compound ratios. 

7. 113 13+ rd.; or, 113 rd. 2.14-l-ft. 

8. $9.60. 

9. $16,000. 

10. 7 per cent per annum. 

Geography. 

1. The entire region drained by a river system. 

2. The precise times at which the sun enters the equinoctial points. 

The intersection of the equator and the ecliptic. 

3. (a) Warren ; (/;) Ontario ; (c) Queens ; (c/) Orange ; (e) Wayne ; (/) 

Herkimer ; (g) Genesee ; {/i) Steuben ; (i) Clinton ; (J) Tioga. 

4. Answers will vary. 

5. Answers must vary. 

6. See any standard geography. 

7. West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky, Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, 

Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, and Nevada. 

8. Great Britain, Germany, Russia, United States, and France. 

9. Answers will vary. 

10. By the action of the sun and moon upon the earth. 

Civil Government. 

1. The code of fundamental laws which govern a state or country. 

2. The Vice-President of the United Slates. He may vote upon any 

question when the Senators present and voting are equally 
divided. 

3. The right to vote. It is a civil right. 

4. Answers must vary. 

5. Each State is entitled to as many electors as it has mem.bers of 

Congress. Four hundred and one were elected at the late 
election. 



Saturday, January 5, i88g. 145 

6. It is a written document sent to Congress upon its convening, em- 

bodying the President's opinions and suggestions as to legisla- 
tion, and is accompanied by full reports of the executive depart- 
ments of the government. 

7. Board of supervisors. Annually. 

8. Answers will vary. 

9. {a) Three years, {b) Two years, {c) Three years, {d) Three 

years, {e) Six years. 
10. Specific duties are proportioned to the quantity of the article im- 
ported ; ad valorem duties are proportioned to the market 
value of the article in the country which produces it. 

Composition. 
No answers can be furnished. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. {a) At the knee ; {b) the larger of the two bones of the fore-arm ; 

{c) that part of the spinal column which forms the posterior part 
of the pelvis ; {d) the breast-bone ; {e) that part of the skull 
which forms the back part of the head. 

2. To produce motion ; to protect the skeleton ; to hold the limbs in 

position. 

3. Teeth and tongue. 

4. The arteries have much stronger walls. 

5. The white and the gray matter ; the gray is more abundant. 

6. Cornea, iris, pupil, aqueous humor, crystalline lens, vitreous humor, 

retina, choroid coat, sclerotic coat, and optic nerve. 

7. It keeps the pores open, thus allowing waste matter to escape 

freely from the body. 

8. Any substance that supplies material which renews lost tissue or 

supports some process of life. 

9. It is rich in gluten and fat, and also contains starch and sugar. 
ID. Warmth, lightness, and proper ventilation. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clauses, Alexander rose, moments were consecrated, chapel 

was filled. Subordinate clause, who had deserved. 

2. Rose, active voice ; were consecrated, passive ; luas filled, passive ; 

improving, active ; reforming, active ; had deserved, active. 

3. Principal parts, rise, rose, rising, risen; irregular, intransitive; is in 

the form of the active voice, indicative mode, past tense, third 
person, singular number, to agree with its subject, Alexander. 

4. {a) who. 
{b) his. 

(c) improving; reforming. 

(d) early. 

{e) who had deserved. 

(y) reverence. 

{g) to devotion ; with images ; by improving ; by reforming. 

{h) of day ; of heroes ; of posterity. 

(t) private ; domestic ; human ; grateful. 

(y) the; first, those. 



146 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

5. Present, I deserve; past, I deserved; future, I shall (will) deserve; 

present-perfect, I have deserved; past-perfect, I had deserved; 
future- perfect, I shall (will) have deserved. 

6. Positive, early; comparative, earlier; superlative, earliest. 

7. The adjectives the and Jirst, and the adjective phrase of day. 

8. He consecrated the first moments of the day to private devotion. 
Prefix the proper mode and tense of the verb to be to the past (per- 
fect) participle of the given verb. 

g. Milton, the poet, was blind. It is I. 
lo. The boy's cats and dogs eat bread and meat, 

American History. 

1. (a) The Cabots, Raleigh, Hudson, Gosnold, and Drake; {b) De 

Leon, Balboa, De Soto, De Narvaez, Cortez, and Cordova 
(accept Columbus); (<:) Columbus and Vespucci; {d) Verrazani, 
Cartier, Ribaut, Champlain, Marquette, Joliet, Du Mont, and 
La Salle. 

2. Holland, or the Dutch. Fort Orange, the present site of Albany; 

New Amsterdam, now New York City. 

3. {a) Battle of Lake Erie; ^b) Washington crossing the Delaware and 

defeating the Hessians; {c) invention of the telegraph; {d) con- 
struction of the Erie Canal; {e) invention of the telephone; (/) 
first battle between ironclad ships; (^) decision of the United 
States Supreme Court affecting the civil rights of the colored 
race; {K) last Dutch governor of New Amsterdam; {i) Gen. W. 
H. Harrison's victory over the Indians in 1811; (/) founder of 
Salt Lake City, and for thirty years chief prophet of the 
Mormons. 

4. Louisiana, Florida; Texas, California; New Mexico and Arizona 

(Gadsden Purchase); Washington and Oregon; Alaska. 

5. Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Ala- 

bama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Tennessee. 

Current Topics. 

I. 

2. Joseph Chamberlain ; Miss Endicott, daughter of the present 

Secretary of War. 

3. Annual meeting of the New York State Association of School Com- 

missioners and Superintendents. 

4. General Boulanger. 

5. Sackville-West. 

6. The republic of Hayti. Ships of w^ar were despatched to that 

country to enforce the claims of our Government. 

7. Moneys received from tariff duties on imported goods, and internal 

taxes on tobacco, spirits, and oleomargarine, in excess oi the 
appropriations for the expenses of the Government. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 2, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Define {a) Reduction Ascending; (p) a varying scale. (10) 

2. (a) Write with proper signs the following number : One 

sign eleven degrees forty minutes and sixteen seconds. 
{b) Write in words 5 lbs. 83,43. (10) 

3. Make and solve an example illustrating {a) the multiplica- 

tion of a fraction by a fraction ; {b) the division of an in- 
teger by a fraction. (10) 

4. Reduce 17 lbs. 11 oz. avoirdupois weight to pounds, ounces, 

pennyweights, and grains Troy weight. (10) 

5. Give the term in the classification of numbers associated 

with {a) concrete ; {b) fractional ; {c) odd ; {d) compos- 
ite; ie) simple. Write a number or numbers to illustrate 
each of the foregoing terms. (10) 

6. Reduce the couplet f : /^ to its lowest integral terms. (10) 

7. Find the square root of .441 correct to two decimal places. 

(10) 

8. How many acres of land in the form of a square may be in- 

closed by 160 rods of fence? (10) 

9. 3 bu. I pk. 5 qt. is what per cent of 20 bu. i pk. 6 qt. .^ (10) 
10. Find the difference between the true discount of $650 for 

4 mo. 18 da. at 6 per cent per annum, and the bank dis- 
count of the same sum for the same time and rate. (10) 

Geography. 

1. State where each of the following rivers rises, and into 

what it flows : Mohawk, Genesee, Oswego, Delaware, 
and Susquehanna. (10) 

2. Locate Watkins Glen, Howe's Cave, the Thousand Islands, 

Trenton Falls, and Saratoga Springs. (10) 

3. Bound New York State, 7iot using streams or bodies of 

water as boundaries. (10) 

147 



148 Uniform Graded Examination Questions, 

4. Locate Toronto, St. Paul, Memphis, Kansas City, and San 

Francisco. (10) 

5. In what country and on what water is each of the following- 

named cities : St. Petersburg, Constantinople, Vienna, 
Florence, and Berlin? (10) 

6. Where are the following mountains : Mount Marcy.'^ Mount 

Washington.^ Mount Mitchell .^ Mount St. Elias .^ Pike's 
Peak? (10) 

7. Bound France; name and locate its capital. (10) 

8. Where is Siberia? To what government does it belong? 

What is its climate ? For what is it noted ? (10) 

9. Locate the Sandwich Islands, New Zealand, Falkland Is- 

lands, St. Helena, and Iceland. (10) 
10. State three conditions that modify the climate of any coun- 
try. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. How may a territory become a State ? (loj 

2. Where is the treaty-making power vested? (10) 

3. What are the required qualifications of the President and 

Vice-president of the United States? (10) 

4. How are the members of the Cabinet chosen ? (10) 

5. Name two articles from the manufacture or sale of which 

internal revenue is derived. (10) 

6. When will the Fifty-first Congress regularly assemble ? (10) 

7. By whom is a territory represented in Congress ? How is 

he chosen? What may such person do in Congress, and 
v.^hat may he not ? (10) 

8. What is the official title of the presiding ofiicer of ounState 

Assembly? How is he chosen ? (10) 

9. Name four St-ate officers, and mention one duty of each. 

(10) 
10. Who is the chief executive officer of {a) the United States, 
(J?) the State, {c) a county, {d) a city, {e) a village ? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 

Cheese-making. 

Santa Claus. 

Natural Scenery about my Home. 
Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
particular reference to three points : 

(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (23) 



Saturday, February 2, i88g. 149 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 
use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. {a) Bone is composed of what two kinds of matter? {p) 

How does the proportion of these two kinds of matter 
vary from childhood to old age .^ (10) 

2. What is necessary for the muscles in order that they may 

be healthy and well developed ? (10) 

3. Where does the bile come in contact with the food in the 

process of digestion } (10) 

4. {a) Where should a bleeding artery be compressed to stop 

the flow of blood } (b) A vein .^ (10) 

5. When the skin does not properly perform its work, what 

organ is usually most perceptibly affected } (10) 

6. Of what are the nails a modification } (10) 

7. {ci) What is the synovial membrane.^ {t>) What its use.'* (10) 

8. What is meant by '* assimilation" .^ (10) 

9. What effect has alcohol upon the gastric juice? (10) 

10. Why do children require more breathing-space in propor- 
tion to their size than do adults? (10) 

Grammar. 

They advanced in two lines, quickening their pace as they closed toward the 
enemy. A more fearful spectacle was never witnessed than by those who beheld 
these heroes rushing to the arms of death. At the distance of twelve hundred 
yards the whole line of the enemy belched forth from thirty iron mouths a flood 
of smoke and flame, through which hissed the deadly balls. Their flight was 
marked by instant gaps in our ranks, by dead men and horses, by steeds flying 
wounded and riderless across the plain. — W. H. Russell. 

The first seven questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi- 
fied predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

^y phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give 
only the preposition and its unmodified object. 

A modifier may be a word^ phrase, or clause. 

Infi7iitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

Only eight parts of speech are recognized— the articles the and a forming a 
subdivision of adjectives, and participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

In parsing a verb, observe the following order: Principal parts, regular or ir- 
regular, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement. 

In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order: Class, person, 
number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, 
state the agreement with its antecedent. An object of a transitive verb is class«d 
as a modifier of such verb. 

1. Select three principal and two subordinate clauses. (10) 

2. Select two nouns each of which is the subject of a verb, 

and three nouns each of which is the object of a prepo- 
sition. (5) 
Select a participle used like an adjective. (5) 



150 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

3. Select three adverbial phrases and two adjective phrases ; 

state what each modifies. (10) 

4. Parse w/io. Give syntax of balls. (10) 

$. Conjugate the vtrb fly in the progressive form of the indic- 
ative mode, present tense. Decline which. (10) 

6. Give the modifiers of belched. Select a verb used in the 

passive voice, fio) 

7. Select {a) a past (perfect) participle, {b) an adverb m the 

comparative degree, (c) four different prepositions, {d) 
two conjunctions, {e) two relative pronouns. (10) 

8. What are the four principal parts of verbs ? (10) 

State where the past perfect (pluperfect) tense, common 
form, is made. 

9. Write a sentence containing a verb in the subjunctive 

mode, and another containing an adjective in the super- 
lative degree. (10) 
10. Write a sentence whose subject is modified by a word, a 
phrase, and a clause. (10) 

American History. 

1. Where was the first permanent Spanish settlement v/ithin 

the present limits of the United States } The first per- 
manent English settlement } (10) 

2. Why is the capital of North Carolina called Raleigli ? (10) 

3. Give the story of Pocahontas. (10) 

4. By whom and for what purpose was Maryland first settled? 

(10) 

5. Name three ex-Presidents who died on the Fourth of July. 

(10) 

6. What was the Fugitive Slave Law.^ (10) 

7. Locate the " Gadsden Purchase," and state who negotiated 

that purchase. (10) 

8. Describe the " Trent AfTair." (10) 

9. Give an account of the laying of the Atlantic Cable. (10) 
10. State facts as to {a) Farragut, {b) Meade, [c) Sherman, {d) 

Sheridan. (^) Lee. (10) 
{^Select any two of the above five 7tames in Question 10 about which 

to write,) 

Current Topics. 

Twenty credits are given for each of five questions selected by the candidate 
from the following : 

1. Mention one result of the cyclones occurring during the 

past month in the Eastern States. 

2. What is meant by the President's Cabinet ? 

3. Name two great steamers now running between New York 

and Liverpool. 



Saturday, February 2, 1889. 151 

4. Who IS Henry M. Stanley? 

5. When did the Electoral College last meet to choose a 

President and Vice-president of the United States? 

6. Name four educational journals published in this State. 

7. What is meant by " annexation" as now used in the news- 

papers ? 



ANSWERS FOR FEBRUARY 2, 1889. 



Arithmetic. 



1. (a) The process of changing numbers to higher denominations. 

(d) A series of numbers not uniform, used to denote the number of 
units of each denomination in a denominate table, that is equal 
to one of the next higher. 

2. (a) I S. 11° 40' 16". 

{/f) Five pounds eight drams four scruples. 

3. No answers required. 

4. 21 lbs. 5 oz. 18 pwt. 20 5 gr. 

5. (a) Abstract. (/^ Integral, (c) Even, (d) Prime, (e) Compound. 
Illustrative examples, (a) 7 men. (d) f. (c) ig. (d) 12. (e) 13, 

or 13 oz. 

6. 12 : 5. (Process, f : /^ = f X 28 : ^^s X 28 = i : 25.) Principle,— 

Multiplying both terms of a couplet by the same number does 
not affect the ratio. 

7. .66+ 

8. 10 acres. 

9. i6| per cent. 
10. $.34. 

Geography. 

1. South part of Lewis County, and flows into Hudson River. North 

part of Pennsylvania, and flows into Lake Ontario. Union of 
Seneca and Oneida Rivers, and flows into Lake Ontario. Cats- 
kill Mountains, and flows into Delaware Bay. In Otsego Lake, 
and flows into Chesapeake Bay. 

2. Near head of Seneca Lake. In Schoharie County, on D. & H. R. 

R. St. Lawrence River. On West Canada Creek in Oneida 
County. In Saratoga County, on D. & H. R. R. 

3. North by Canada and Connecticut. East by Vermont, Massachu- 

setts, Connecticut, and Atlantic Ocean. South by Atlantic 
Ocean, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. West by New Jersey, 
Pennsylvania, and Canada. 

4. Canada on Lake Ontario, Minnesota on Mississippi River, Tennes- 

see on Mississippi River, Western Missouri on Missouri River, 
Western California on San Francisco Bay. 

5. Neva River, Russia; Bosphorus, Turkey; Danube River, Austria; 

Arno River, Italy; Spree River, Germany. 



iS^ Uniform Graded Examination Otiestions. 

6. Adirondack Mountains, White Mountains, North Carolina, Alaska, 

Colorado. 

7. North by English Channel, Straits of Dover, and Belgium. East 

by Belgium, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. South by Medi- 
terranean Sea and Spain. West by Atlantic Ocean. Paris, on 
Seine River. 

8. Northern part of Asia. Russia. Generally cold. Place of exile 

for Russian offenders. 

9. West of North America, in Pacific Ocean. East of Australia, in 

Pacific Ocean. East of southern part of South America, in At- 
lantic Ocean. West of Africa, in Atlantic Ocean. East of 
Greenland, in North Atlantic Ocean. 
10. Answers will vary. 

Civil Government. 

1. By act of Congress. 

2. In the President and Senate of the United States. 

3. Natural-born citizen, age 35 years, 14 years a resident within the 

United States. 

4. Nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 

5. Spirituous or malt liquors, tobacco, oleomargarine. 

6. First Monday in December. 

7. By a delegate elected by the people. He may speak, but not vote. 

8. Speaker, chosen from their ov/n number, by the members of the 

Assembly. 

9. Answers need not be uniform. (See " Red Book" or State Al 

manacs.) 
10. {a) President, {b) Governor, {c) Sheriff, {d) Mayor, {e) President. 

Reading. 
No answers can be given. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. (a) Animal and mineral. 

{b) The proportion of animal matter constantly decreases, and that 
of mineral increases. 

2. That they should receive sufl[icient nourishment and be properly 

exercised. 

3. In the duodenum. 

4. {a) At some point where it approaches the surface, between the 

wound and the heart. 
{b) At a point away from the heart; i.e., the wound should be be- 
tween the compress and the heart. 

5. The lungs. 

6. Of the skin. 

7. {a) The membrane that lines the joints. 

{b) It secretes a fluid that lubricates the joints to prevent friction. 

8. The converting of certain elements of the food into living tissue. 

9. It coagulates and precipitates the pepsin, one of its most eflScient 

agents in the process of digestion. 



Saturday, February 2, i88g. 153 

10. Because in children the tissues are worn out faster than in adults, 
and consequently a greater amount proportionally of waste ani- 
mal matter is thrown off by respiration and perspiration. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clauses : They advanced; spectacle was witnessed, line 

belched, flight was marked. 
Subordinate clauses : As they closed, who beheld, through which 
balls hissed. 

Note.— Two subordinate clauses could be restored after than. 

2. Objects of verbs . Pace, heroes, flood. 

Objects of prepositions : Lines, enemy, arms, death, distance, 
yards, mouths, smoke, flame, gaps, ranks, men, horses, steeds, 
plain. 

Participles used like adjectives : Quickening, rushing, flying, 
woimded. 

3. Adverbial phrases : In lines, toward enemy, by those, to arms, at 

distance, from mouths, through which, by gaps, by men and 
horses, by steeds, across plain. 
Adjective phrases : Of death, of yards, of enemy, of smoke and 
flame, in ranks. 

4. Who is a pronoun, relative, agrees with its antecedent those in the 

third person, plural number and masculine gender. It is the 
subject of the verb beheld, and is therefore in the nominative 
case. 
Balls is the subject of the verb hissed, and is therefore in the 
nominative case. 

5. Singular : I am flying, thou art flying (you are flying), he is flying. 
Plural : We are flying, you are flying, they are flying. 
Nom.inative which, possessive ivhose, objective, which ; singular 

and plural alike. 

6. The adverbial phrase At distance, the adverb /(?;-///, the adverbial 

phrase fj'oin 7?iotcths, the ob]QctJlood. 
Verbs used in the passive voice : was witnessed, was 7narked. 

7. {a) Wounded, {b) more, (c) in, toward, by, to, of, at, from, through, 

across, {d) as, than, and^ (e) who, which. 

8. Present and past tenses of the indicative mode (mood), and present 

and past tenses of the participle. 
By prefixing the past tense of have, i.e., had, to the past (perfect) 
participle. 
g. If I go, he will not come. 

This is the finest day of the year. 
10. The large basket of grapes which you sent was received. 

American History. 

1. St. Augustine, Florida: Jamestown, Virginia. 

2. After Sir Walter Raleigh, who first tried to plant a colony in North 

Carolina. 

3. Answers will vary. 

4. By Lord Baltimore as a refuge for oppressed Catholics. 



154 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

5. Adams, Jefferson, and Monroe. 

6. It was a law which required United States Commissioners to re- 

turn fugitive slaves, and gave them power to call upon any citi- 
zen for help. 

7. The part of Arizona and New Mexico lying south of the Gila 

River. James Gadsden. 

8. Answers will vary. 

9. Answers will vary. 
10. Answers will vary. 

Current Topics. 

1. Great loss of life and property at Pittsburgh and Reading, Pa. 
Destruction of the upper suspension bridge at Niagara Falls. 

2. The seven men who are heads of departments in the national gov- 

ernment; they are the President's official advisers. 

3. City of New York, City of Rome, Umbria, etc., etc. 

4. A great African explorer. v 

5. January 14, last. 

6. School Jour7ial, Teachers^ Institute, Edi(cational Gazette, Nor7nal 

Instrtictor. 

7. The annexation of Canada to the United States. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
SATURDAY, MARCH 2, 1889. 



SECOND AND TIJIRD GRADES. 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. More answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Define {a) interest; {b) a decimal. (10) 

2. {a) Write in words MMMCMXLIV; {b) using the proper 

abbreviations, write a number containing all the de- 
nominations of surveyors' linear measure, and one con- 
taining all the denominations of square measure. (10) 

3. Find the product {a) of 22f bu. by 19.32; {b) of 22i times 

19.32 bu. (10) ' 

4. Reduce the expression f — \% to the form of a proportion. 

(10) 

5. Find the number of days from to-day to August 11, 1880. 

(10) ^ ^ 

6. M bought/^ of a manufacturing business for S35 17.85, and 

N bought -i\ of the same business at the same rate. How 
much did Ns interest cost him } (10) 

7. Find the interest of $1000 for 19 days at 3 ,^ per annum. 

(10) 

8. 3 oz. is what per cent of 5 lbs. avoir. } (10) 

9. Write two composite numbers each greater than 30 that are 

prime to each other. Show why. (10) 
10. Make and solve a problem illustrating the application of 
square root in finding the side of a right-angled triangle. 
(10) & & i> 

Geography. 

1. In what direction from this place of examination is New 

York.> Philadelphia .> Richmond .> (10) 

2. Locate Atlanta, Mobile. New Orleans. (10) 

3. Bound Missouri by States. (loj 

4. Name the principal vegetable production of Mississippi ; of 

Louisiana; of Indiana; of Missouri ; of Dakota. (10) 

155 



156 Uniform Graded Exaraination Quest ion^. 

5. What two rivers unite to form the La Plata? Into what 

does it flow ? (10) 

6. Name and locate three large cities of South America. (10) 

7. What isthmus joins Africa and Asia? What canal con- 

nects the Red Sea with the Mediterranean Sea? (10) 

8. Name in order the seas and straits you would pass through 

in going from Gibraltar to the Crimea. (10) 

9. Name and locate three great mountain ranges of Europe. 

(10) 
10. Where are the Samoan Islands? The Aleutian Islands? 
(10) 

Civil Government. 

1. Name the three departments of government. (10) 

2. Name one officer each of the nation, state, and county 

representing each of the departments of government, 
(lo) 

3. Where does the Constitution place the power to make 

treaties? To declare war ? (10) 

4. Mention three steps required by the Constitution in choos- 

ing a President of the United States. (loj 

5. What is treason ? What is felony ? (10) 

6. What is an extradition treaty ? What is an ex post facto 

law? (10) 

7. Name five county officers, and state one duty of each. (10) 

8. Distinguish between the duties of a grand jury and a petit 

jury. (10) 

9. Explain w^hat is meant by the veto power; the pardoning 

power. (10) 
10. Name two acts in which a State is independent of the Gen- 
eral Government, and two acts which can only be per- 
formed by the General Government. (10) 

Reading. 

To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 

1. Dangers of Coasting. 

2. Butter-making. 

3. Benefits arising from Teachers' Associations. 
Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 

particular reference to three points : 
(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 



Saturday, March 2, i88g. 157 

Grammar. 

A person who believes he has his succor at hand, and that he acts in sight of 
his friend, often exerts himself beyond his abilities, and does wonders that are 
not to be matched by one who is not animated with such a confidence of success. 
—Joseph Addison. 

The first six questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi- 
fied predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for It. 

By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its unmodified object. 

A modifier may be a ivord^ phrase, or clause. 

Infin'ttives are classed as modes of the verb. 

Only eight parts of speech are recognized — the articles M^and a forming a sub- 
division of adjectives, 2ind participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz.: transitive and intransitive; 
and treat voice as a property of transitive verbs only. 

In parsing a verb, observe the following order : Principal parts, regular or 
irregular, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agree- 
ment. 

In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order : Class, person, num- 
ber, gender, case. Give the reason for each. In parsing a relative pronoun, state 
the agreement with its antecedent. An object of a transitive verb is classed as a 
inodQier of such verb. 

1. Name five clauses, classifying them as principal or subordi- 

nate. (10) 

2. Name a subject having two predicates, and give the modi- 

fiers of those predicates. (10) 

3. Name two objective and two adjective clauses. State what 

each modifies. (10) 

4. Select two each of the following parts of speech : pronoun, 

adjective, verb, adverb, conjunction. (10) 

5. Select {a) a verb in the passive voice, indicative mode, {b) 

an adjective used like a noun (by some called an adjec- 
tive-pronoun), {c) a verb in the infinitive mode used like 
an adjective, {d) the antecedent of the pronoun that, {e) 
a pronoun in the objective case. (10) 

6. Parse is a?iimaled according to the order given in the above 

notes. (10) 

7. Write four short sentences illustrating the four principal 

parts of the verb do, using a subject in the third person, 
singular number. 
Which one of these parts is used in making the /^^i'^^/V^ 
voice? (10) 

8. Illustrate by sentence or sentences the use of an appositive 

(noun or pronoun in apposition) and a predicate 710101 
(attribute). (10) 

9. When may a group of words be called an adjective ele- 

ment } When an adverbial element } Give an illustra- 
tion of each. (10) 
10. Give examples of two different uses of the infinitive mode, 
and classify the examples. (10) 



158 Uniform Graded Examination Qjiestions. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What is meant by Xh^fimction of an organ ? (10) 

2. Into how many parts is the brain divided ? Name and 

locate the two great divisions. (10) 
3-4. {a) Name two conditions that are necessary in order to 
keep the skin healthy. 
(U) How may these conditions be attained } (20) 

5. Give two causes of near-sightedness that are liable to be 

found in school work. (10) 

6. Name in order, commencing with the mouth, the parts of 

the alimentar)^ canal. (10) 

7. State the difference in form and use between incisors and 

molars. (10) 

8. What are ^,r/c7/i-^r muscles ? Locate one. (lo) 

9. What is congestion } (10) 

10. Give two facts in regard to the structure of the skull that 
especially fit it to be a protection for the brain. (10) 

American History. 

1. What people settled Acadia.'* What permanent English 

settlement was made about the same time } (10) 

2. Name the first two permanent settlements in New York. 

(10) 

3. Who founded Philadelphia? Baltimore.^ 

4. State one cause of the American Revolution. Name the 

greatest event of 1776. Of 1781. 

5. Who were the Tories? the Hessians? (10) 

6. What Union officer commanded the land forces at Antie- 

tam ? at Gettysburg ? at Atlanta ? at Vicksburg ? the 
naval forces at Mobile? (10) 

7. Where and by what vessel was the Alabama sunk? (10) 

8. Name three States known as ** Border" States during the 

Civil War. (10) 

9. Name the governors of this State during the Civil AVar. 

(10) 
10. Name three members of President Cleveland's Cabinet. 
What position does each hold ? (10) 

Current Topics. 

Twenty credits are given for each of five questions to be selected from the fol- 
lowing by the candidate: 

1. What recent event does the name " Haytien Republic" 

suggest? (10) 

2. The Samoan controversy is chiefly between what two great 

nations ? (10) 

3. Who is Mayor of New York City? Who is Lieutenant- 

governor of this State ? (10) 



Saturday, March 2, i88g. 159 

4. What great strike recently occurred in this State? In what 

cities ? (10) 

5. Mention two bills which have been introduced during the 

present session of our State Legislature. (10) 

6. Who are the " White Caps" ? (10) 

7. Why are very many convicts in our State prisons idle ? (10) 



ANSWERS FOR MARCH 2, 1889. 



Arithmetic. 



1. {a) Interest is the sum allowed for the use of money, (b) A deci- 

mal is a division or subdivision of an integral unit upon a scale 

of ID. 

2. (a) Three thousand nine hundred forty-four. {b). . . mi. . . ch. . . 

rd. . . 1. . . in., and . . A. . . sq. rd. . . sq. yd. . . sq. ft. . . sq. 
in. 

3. {a) 22f bu. multiplied by 19^^, i.e., 19.32 = 43^A hu. {b) 19.32 

bu. multiplied by 22| = 436.08 bu. 

4. 5 :7 ::4o:56. 

5. 29 da. -|- 30 da. -|- 31 da. -\- 30 da. +31 da. -J- 11 da. = 162 da. 

6. $3999.24. 

7. $2.60, exact interest. $2.64, on basis of 360 days to the year. 

8. 3f per cent. 

9. Any two such numbers that have no common integral factor. 
10. Answers may differ. 

Geography. 

1. Answers must differ. 

2. Northern part of Georgia. Southern part of Alabama on Mobile 

Bay. Southeastern part of Louisiana on the Mississippi River. 

3. North by Iowa, east by Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee, south 

by Arkansas, and west by Indian Territory, Kansas, and Ne- 
braska. 

4. Cotton. Sugar. Corn. Corn. Wheat. 

5. The Parana and Uruguay. Into the Atlantic Ocean. 

6. Answers may differ. 

7. Isthmus of Suez. The Suez Canal. 

8. Mediterranean Sea, The Dardanelles, Sea of Marmora, Bosporus, 

and the Black Sea. 

9. Answers may differ. 

10. East of Australia, in the Pacific Ocean. A part of Alaska, in the 
Pacific Ocean. 

Civil Government. 

1. Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. 

2. Answers may differ. 

3. The President and Senate can establish a treaty with a foreign 

power. War can be declared only by Congress. 



i6o Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

4. The States must appoint presidential electors; the electors must 

meet in their respective States and ballot for President and Vice- 
president; the president of the Senate shall open the certificates 
and the votes shall be counted. 

5. Treason against the United States consists in levying war against 

them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and 
comfort. Felony in New York is a crime punishable by death 
or by imprisonment in a State prison. 

6. A treaty providing for the delivery of fugitives from justice by one 

nation to another. An ex post facto law would inflict a penalty 
for an act committed before the making of the law. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. A grand jury investigates charges against persons, and. if it find 

just cause, holds them by i7idictinent for trial, On the trial the 
petit jury decides as to the guilt or innocence of the accused, 
g. The executive officer of the nation or State vetoes a bill by with- 
holding approval. The power to remit or lessen a sentence of 
death, or other penalty. 
10. Answers may differ. 

Reading. 
No answers can be given. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clause, person exerts and does. Subordinate clauses, 

who believes, he has^ he acts, that are to be matched ^ who is 
ani?/iated. 

2. Person. First predicate, exerts, is modified by adverb ofte7t, the 

object himself, and the adverbial phrase beyond abilities. 
Second predicate, does, is modified by the object wonders. 

3. Objective clauses, he has and he acts. They both modify believes. 

Adjective clauses, who believes, modifying person ; that are to 
be matched, modifying wonders ; who is animated, modifying 
one. 

4. Pronouns, who, he, his, himself, that. (Some class one as a pro- 

noun.) Adjectives, A, the. one, sttch. Verbs, believes, has, acts, 
exerts, does, are, to be matched, is animated. Adverbs, often, not. 
Conjunctions, and, that, 

5. (a) Verb in passive voice and indicative mode, is aniinated. {b) 

Adjective used like a noun, one. {c) Verb in infinitive mode 
used like an adjective, to be matched, (d) Antecedent of that, 
zvonders, {e) Pronoun in objective case, himself. (Some would 
treat one 2,^ a pronoun in objective case.) 

6. Is animated is a verb; principal parts, animate, animated, animat- 

ing, animated, regular, transitive, passive voice, indicative mode 
(mood), present tense, and agrees with the subject who in the 
third person, singular number. 

7. He does well. He did well. He is doing well. He has done 

well. The past, or perfect, participle is used in making the 
passive voice. 

8. Appositive, Milton the poet, was blind. Predicate noun, Milton 

was a blind poet. 



Saturday, March 2, i88g. 161 

9. When they modify a noun or pronoun, they constitute an adjective 
element. One of the relative clauses in the selection is an 
example. When they modify a verb, adjective, or adverb, they 
constitute an adverbial element. Ex. — He came 7a/ie he was 
called. 
10. Answers may differ. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. Its office or work in the economy of the body. 

2. It has two great divisions, and each of these consists of two parts 

or hemispheres. The great divisions are the cerebrum, situated 
in the front and upper part of the head, and the cerebellum, 
situated in the lower and back part of the head. 
3-4. {a) That the glands of the skin be kept open; that the blood be 
kept circulating freely in it; that the air have access to it. (Any 
two of the foregoing.) 
{b) By keeping the skin clean; by exercise or by friction; by wear- 
ing loose clothing. 

5. Too great or long-continued use of the eyes; poor light; a habitual 

stooping posture when studying. 

6. The mouth, the throat, the oesophagus, the stomach, the small 

intestine, and the large intestine. 

7. The incisors are sharp, chisel-shaped teeth used to cut off portions 

of food; the molars are broad and fiat on top, and are used for 
crushing, or grinding, the food. 

8. Muscles whose functions are to straighten or extend joints. Ex. — 

The muscle on the back of the arm that straightens the elbow 
joint, 
g. An unnatural accumulation of blood in the vessels of a part or 

organ. 
10. The skull is composed of two compact plates or layers of bone 
with a spongy substance between them, and it is in several parts 
or pieces joined by notched edges or sutures, — these conditions 
of structure tending to break the force of any concussion. 

American History. 

1. The French. Jamestown. 

2. New Amsterdam and Fort Orange. 

3. William Penn. Lord Baltimore. 

4. Answers to first may differ. The Declaration of Independence, in 

1776. Surrender of Cornwallis, in 178:. 

5. Colonists who sympathized with the English during the Revolu- 

tionary War. Germans (natives of Hesse-Cassel) who were 
hired by the British Government to fight again^ the colonists. 

6. McClellan. Meade. Sherman. Grant. Farragut. 

7. Off Cherbourg, on the northwestern coast of France. By the 

Kearsarge. 

8. Any three of the following: Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and 

Missouri. 
q.- Horatio Seymour, Edwin D. Morgan, and Reuben E. Fenton. 



i62 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

lo. Any three of the following: Thomas F. Bayard, Secretary of State; 
Charles S. Fairchild, Secretary of the Treasury; William C. 
Endicott, Secretary of War; William C. Whitney, Secretary of 
the Navy; William F. Vilas, Secretary of the Interior; Don M. 
Dickinson, Postmaster-general; A. H. Garland, Attorney-gen- 
eral; Norman L. Coleman, Secretary of Agriculture. 

Current Topics. 

1. The Haytien government having seized the " Haytien Republic," 

an American steamship, the United States Government sent a 
naval force to demand the surrender of the vessel. The Presi- 
dent of Hayti immediately complied with the order. 

2. Germany and the United States. 

3. Hugh J. Grant. Edward F. Jones. 

4. Of car drivers and conductors. New York and Brooklyn. 

5. Answers may differ. 

6. A secret organization of men who in disguise have committed 

numerous outrages under the pretence of punishing wrongs. 

7. The State abolished the contract system of labor in the State 

prisons, and has not yet adopted an adequate substitute. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY, MARCH 12 and 13, 1889. 



FIRST GRADE. 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Define {a) exact division ; (p) complete division; {c) assess- 

ment (stocks) ; {d) brokerage. (10) 

2. (a) Write in Roman notation 2999; (J?) write in words 2 

Cong. 5O. 4 fl- 3 • (10) 

3. Divide i T. 9 cwt. 90 lbs. 11 oz. by 82 lbs. 5 oz. (10) 

4. Write in order the several steps in the process of reducing 

8 bu. to denominations of liquid measure. (10) 

5. Find the compound interest of §875 for 2 yr. 3 mo., at 6 

per cent, compounded annually. (10) 

6. What different prime factors are found in 2100? (10) 

7. In what time will $650 amount to $713.05 at 6 per cent 

simple interest } (10) 

8. Find the proceeds of a 3-mo. note for S500 discounted at 

bank at 6 per cent. (10) 

9. Show by computation that a measure i8| in. in diameter 

and 8 in. deep contains exactly one bushel. (10) 
10. Make and solve a problem illustrating true discount. (10) 

Geography. 

1. Define climate ; latitude; parallel. (10) 

2. On which side of the Andes Mountains are the longest 

rivers? Why .^ (10) 

3. Mention two routes by which a loaded canal-boat can leave 

Toronto and reach New York City without going to sea. 
(lo) 

4. Name and locate five important cities west of the Missis- 

sippi River in the United States. (lo) 

5. Name three great railroad routes from New York City to 

Buffalo. (10) 

6. Name five agricultural and five mineral productions of the 

United States, and state where each is produced. (10) 

163 



164 Uniform Graded ExarainatiGn Questions. 

7. Locate Moscow; Naples; Venice; Brussels; The Hague. (10) 

8. Name and locate the capital of Ireland ; Scotland ; Den- 

mark; Spain; Switzerland. (10) 

9. Distinguish between local and standard time. (10) 

10. State the causes for the differences of climate in the torrid 
zone. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. Mention a provision of the Constitution of the United States 

giving the legislative branch of the government the power 
to restrain or limit the executive. (10) 

2. Mention two respects in which our system of government 

is better than that of Great Britain. (10) 

3. Mention three necessary steps in the passage of a bill before 

it can become a law of the United States. (loj 

4. How may a State be divided into two or more States? (10) 

5. What officers are the legal advisers of the President.^ How 

are they chosen ? (10) 

6. Can a State make a treaty with another State or nation ? 

Give reasons for your answer. (10) 

7. What is a notary public.^ (10) 

8. Name three of the great divisions of the courts in this 

State. (10) 

9. What is the general duty of a district attorney? (10) 

10. How may the salary of the Governor of this State be in- 
creased ? (10) 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 

The Kindergarten. 

Winter Sports. 

The Inauguration of President Harrison. 
Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
particular reference to three points : 

(i) The maUer, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

X Language is the amber in which a thousand precious thoughts have been 

2 safely imbedded and preserved. It has arrested ten thousand Hghtning flashes 

3 of genius, which, unless thus fixed and arrested, might have been as bright, 

4 but would also have been as quickly passing and perishing, as the lightning. 

5 Words convey the mental treasures of one period to the generations that follow; 

6 and laden with this, their precious freight, they sail safely across gulfs of time 
9 in which empires have suffered shipwreck and the languages of common life 
8 have sunk into oblivion. — /v. C. Trenck. 

Xhe first eight questions refer to the abovq §election^ 



Tuesday and Wednesday, March 12 and i}, i88g. 165 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi- 
fied predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

"By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its unmodified object. 

A modifier may be a luord^ phrase^ or cla7ise. 

Infinitives are classed as vtoc/es of the verb. 

Only eight parts of speech are recognized— the articles the and a forming a sub- 
division of adjectives, 2.n<\ participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz., transitive and intransitive : 
and treat voice as a property of transitive verbs only. 

In parsing a verb, observe the follovvmg order: Principal parts, regular or ir- 
reguU'.r, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement. 

In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order : Class, person, 
number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, 
state the agreement with its antecedent. An object of a transitive Verb is classed 
as a modi/ier of such verb. 

1. Select the principal clauses. (8) 

2. Select three adjective and two adverbial oX'dMSi^'Sy. (10) 
State what each modifies. (5) 

3. Select three adjective and two adverbial i^\xx^'$>^^. (10) 

4. Recast the clause '' Words convey the mental treasures of 

one period to the generations that follow," changing the 
v^xh \.o \h^ passive loxvcv. (4) 
Select the participles used like adjectives, and state what 
each modifies. (6) 

5. By supplying words omitted, fill out a clause in the third 

line and one in the fourth line. (4) 
State what each of these clauses modifies. (4) 

6. Give syntax of amber, lig/itjting, freight, 2ind which in third 

line. (8) 

7. Parse as in the third line and the last as in the fourth line. 

(8) 

8. Select three transitive verbs in the active voice and indic- 

ative mode, two transitive verbs in the passive voice 
and indicative mode, and two intransitive verbs in the 
indicative mode. (14) 

9. Illustrate by sentences three different uses of participles ; 

classify each. (10) 
10. Write a sentence with a subject in the third person and 
singular number, containing a verb in the subjunctive 
mode; one containing an infinitive mode used like a 
noun in the objective case ; and another containing a 
clause used as the subject of a verb. (9) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What effect on the heart's action has the use of tobacco by 

children, or the excessive use of it by adults ? (10) 

2. Where does the saliva originate.^ (10) 

3. In what two ways is the system benefited by exercise in thO; 

open air? (10) 



1 66 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

4. How is the capacity of the chest cavity affected by the con- 

traction of the intercostal muscles ? (10) 

5. State, in general terms, the office of the kidneys. (10) 

6. When beef is eaten, which of the digestive fluids is princi- 

pally concerned in dissolving or digesting it? (10) 

7. Mention three places where the sense of touch is particu- 

larly keen. (10) 

8. In what two ways is the process of perspiration beneficial 

to the system ? (10) 

9. Give two objections to having windows of a schoolroom 

in front of the pupils. (10) 
10. Give three directions for preserving the teeth, to which the 
attention of children should be called. (10) 

American History. 

1. Why were New York and Virginia so named ? (10) 

2. Give one cause, one prom.inent event, and one result of the 

French and Indian War. (10) 

3. Give an account of the battle of Trenton. (10) 

4 and 5. When, v/here, and why was the United States Con- 
stitution adopted } Hov/ much of the present Constitu- 
tion was then adopted } (20) 

6. State the provisions of the Missouri Compromise. (10) 

7. Give an account of John Brown's Raid. (10) 

8. Give two reasons for the rapid growth of California. (10) 

9. What was the Kansas-Nebraska Bill 7 (10) 

10. State facts as to Stephen A. Douglas; Salmon P. Chase; 
Wendell Phillips ; Edwin M. Stanton. 
(Select an}^ two names from the above list about which to 
write.) (10) 

Algebra. 

1. How does algebra differ from arithmetic } (10) 

2. What are the terms of an algebraic expression ? (10) 

3. Define axiom, and give one in common use in algebra. (10) 

4. Divide a^ — b^hy a + b. (10) 

^. .i8,r — .05 _ - - ^ ^ 

5. Given i.2;r = .^x + 8.9, to find x. (10) 

6. W^hat fraction is it which becomes equal to f when its 

numerator is increased by 6, and equal to ^ when its de- 
nominator is increased by 2 ? (10) 

7. Expand (x — J^')^ 

8. Find the sum of f V^ and | |/|f . (10) 

x^ — 8 

9. Given x ^ = 2, to find x. (10) 

10. Extract the square root of ,r' — 4^y + 6x -\- ^y^ — I2y + 9, 
(10) 



Tuesday and Wednesday, March 12 and i ^, i88q, i6j 

Book-keeping. 

1. Define 00 debit ; (^) balance. (10) 

2. Write a promissory note dated to-day, payable to the order 

of yourself at a bank, non-interest bearing, time sixty 
days. (10) 

3. Indorse the foregoing-described note in full. (10) 

4. Give the date of maturity of the same. (10) 

5. Write the abbreviations or conventions in common use for 

account, credit, amount, Day Book, interest. (10) 
6 to 10. James Lester, dealer in general merchandise, does 
business on account with Henry Slocum as follows: 

March i, 1889, he sells Slocum 2 pairs of shoes at $3.25 
and $2.50, respectively ; i hat at $1.75 ; 22 yards of mus- 
lin at 8 cents; 50 pounds of flour @ S3. 10 per hundred. 
March 5, 1889, he sells Slocum 15 pounds of sugar at 7 
cents; 2 pounds of cofTee at 33 cents ; i pair of overalls 
at $.75. March 10, 1889, Slocum works for Lester one 
day at $1.50. To-day Slocum pays Lester cash to bal- 
ance the account. 

What books should Mr. Lester use in entering the fore- 
going.^ (10) 

Rule the forms for these books. (10) 

Make the proper entries. (20) 

Show the account finally balanced. (10) 

School Law. 

1. (a) Who is the Superintendent of Public Instruction-elect? 

(d) What is the length of his term of oflice.^ (c) When 
was he elected ? {d) How was he elected } (10) 

2. Give three causes for which a school commissioner may 

annul a teacher's certificate. (10) 

3. What is a ''joint school district".^ (10) 

4. Under the supervision of what school commissioner is the 

school in a joint school district } (10) 
5 and 6. {a) What is the least time that a public school must 
be taught each school year to entitle it to share in the 
public school moneys } {b) What days upon which school 
is not actually taught may be taken as part of such time.'^ 
(20) 

7. Who is responsible for the safe-keeping of the school reg- 

ister during the term of school.'^ (10) 

8. What defines and limits the business that may be brought 

before a special school meeting? (10) 

9. How long a time must a teacher have taught to be eligible 

to a certificate of the second grade? To one of the first 
grade? (10) 
10. What is the regulation of the Department of Public Instruc- 



i68 Uniform Graded Examinafion Quesiions. 

tion in regard to the indorsing of teachers' certilicates 
by school commissioners ? (lo) 

Physics. 

1. Dehne 7naUer ; molecule. (lo) 

2. The base of an inclined plane is i6 ft., and its altitude is 4 

ft. A power of 10 lbs. will balance what weight resting 
on the inclined plane ? (10) 

3. Distinguish between hydrostatics and hydraulics. (10) 

4. Explain the application of convection in warming a room. 

(10) 

5. Why does a piece of oilcloth feel colder than the carpet 

w^hen both are subject to the same conditions of tem- 
perature } (10) 

6. What is snow? Why is it advantageous to winter grain ? 

(10) 

7. What is an echo? (10) 

8. How may a bar of soft iron be made a temporary magnet ? 

(10) 

9. State or illustrate the law of diminution in the intensity of 

light by increase of distance. (10) 
10. What causes the water to fly from a revolving grindstone ? 
Give another illustration of the same principle. (10) 

Methods. 

1. To w^hat mental faculties should the teacher appeal in the 

instruction and training of young children ? (20) 

2. Briefly describe the word method in teaching reading. (15) 

3. Distinguish betwxen object-teaching and objective teachmg. 

(10) 

4. What is the manner of procedure in teaching by the Grilbe 

7nethodf (15) 

5. State three results to be secured in teaching penmanship. 

6. State three results to be secured in teaching industrial 

drawing. (15) 

7. Outline a plan for teaching physiology and hygiene to 

children in primary classes. (10) 

Current Topics. 

Of the foUowinpr questions, the candidate will answer only five, to each of 
which twenty credits are assigned. 

1. What is meant by the Excise Commission Bill? 

2. Congress has recently passed an act authorizing the admis- 

sion into the Union of what new States ? 

3. Name the members of President Harrison's Cabinet, and 

give the official title of each. 



Tuesday and Wednesday, March 12 ami i j, iSSq. 169 

4. What interoceanic canal has been recently chartered by 

Congress ? 

5. Name the Representative in Congress from your district. 
Name the Member of Assembly from your district. 

6. Mention five great bridges wholly or in part in this State. 

What waters do they span ? 

7. Who is the recently elected Secretary of the Regents of 

the University ? 



ANSWERS FOR MARCH 12 and 13, 1889. 



Arithmetic 



1. (a) An exact division is one in which the quotient is an integer, (d) 

A complete division is one in which all the figures of the divi- 
dend have been used; the quotient may be either integral or 
fractional, (c) An assessment is a sum required of stockholders 
to meet losses or to carry on the business, (d) Brokerage is a 
sum allowed a broker for his services as such. 

2. (rt) MMCMXCIX (sometimes written MMDCCCCXCIX). (^) Two 

gallons five pints four fluid drams. 

3- 3^h 

4. ist. Reduce 8 bu. to cubic inches (X 2150.4). 2d. Reduce the 

cubic inches to gallons (-f- 231). 3d. Reduce the fraction of a 
gallon to lower denominations. 

5. $122.90. 

6. 2, 3, 5, and 7. 

7. I yr. 7 mo. 12 da. 

8. $492.25. 

9. (i8i)'' X .7854 X 8 =3 2150.42, the number of cubic inches in a 

bushel. 
10. Answers may differ. 

Geography. 

1. The condition of the atmosphere with regard to heat and moisture. 

Distance north or south from the equator. A small circle paral- 
lel to the equator. 

2. On the east side. Because the slope is less abrupt, the area drained 

is much greater, and there is a greater rainfall. 
3 Answers may differ. 

4. Answers may differ. 

5. Answers may differ. 

6. Answers may differ. 

7. In central Russia. On the Mediterranean Sea, in western Italy. 

On the Gulf of Venice, in northeastern Italy. In central Bel- 
gium. On the North Sea, in Holland. 

8. Dublin, in the eastern part. Edinhurgh, in the eastern part. 

Copenhagen, on an arm of the Baltic Sea, in the eastern part. 
Madrid, in the central part. Berne, in the western part. 



lyo Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

9. Local time is the true time at any place. Standard time is reck- 
oned, in the United States, from the meridians 75°, 90°, 105", 
and 120° W. 
10. Ansvveis may differ. 

Civil Government. 

1. Answers may differ. 

2. Answers may differ. 

3. Answers may differ. 

4. By the concurrent action of Congress and the Legislature of the 

State. 

5. They are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. 

6. No. The Constitution forbids it. 

7. An officer nominated by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate, 

who is authorized to administer oaths and take acknowledgments. 

8. Answers may differ. 

9. He is the attorney for the county. 
10. By amending the Constitution. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal clauses : Language is afubei-, it has ar7'ested, words co7t- 

vey'y they sail. 

2. Adjective clauses : Thoughts have beeji imbedded and preserved 

modifies amber. Which viight have been bright and {which) 
would have been passing a7id pe7'isJiing vi\o6My flashes. That fol- 
loiv modifies ge7ieratio?is. JSffipires have suffered and la7igiioges 
have sM7tk modify gnlfs. 
Adverbial clauses : Unless they had bec'7i fixed a7id arrested. As 
Iight7ii7tg {is passi7ig a7id perishi7ig). The first modifies the pred- 
icate 77iight have bee7i light, etc. The second modifies the ad- 
verb as. 

3. Adjective phrases : Of genins; of period; of time; of life. 
Adverbial phrases : I71 which; to ge7ieratio7is ; with this; across 

gulfs; i7tto oblivion. 

4. The mental treasures of one period are conveyed by words to the 

generations that follow. 
Passing and perishi7ig modify which. Lade7i modifies they. 

5. Unless (they had been) fixed and arrested. 
As the lightning (is passing and perishing). 

The first clause modifies the two predicates next following. The 
second clause modifies the adverb as. 

6. A77iber, predicate noun (attribute), and agrees with the subject, la7i- 

guage, in the nominative case. 

Light7ii7ig, subject of a verb not expressed, and is in the nomina- 
tive case. 

freight, in apposition with this, and agrees with it in the objective 

case. 
Which, subject of verb might have bee7i, and is in the 7to7)ii7iati7)e 
case. 

7. As is an adverb, and modifies the adjective b7'ight. 



Tuesday and Wednesday, March 12 and /^, i88g. 171 

8. Transitive verbs, active voice : J/as arrested; convey; follow; have 

suffered. 
Transitive verbs, passive voice : Have beeii imbedded; have beeit 

preserved; had been fixed; had been arrested; laden. 
Intransitive verbs : Is; mii^^Jit have been; would have been; passing; 

perishing; sail; have sunk. 

9. Answers may differ. 

10. Examples : Though he were sick, he would not go. 
He desires to walk to town. 
That the earth is round is evident. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. It weakens the action of the heart. 

2. It is secreted from the blood by glands located near the lower jaw. 

3. The muscles are strengthened by exercise. The blood is aerated 

with pure air. 

4. It is enlarged. 

5. Their office is to eliminate poisonous matter (urea) from the blood. 

6. The gastric juice. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. It eliminates poisonous matter from the blood, and assists in regu- 

lating the temperature of the body. 
g. It is injurious to the eyes. It induces the habit of leaning forward 

when studying. 
ID. Answers may differ. 

American History. 

1. New York was named after the Duke of York. Virginia after the 

Virgin Queen of England. 

2. Answers may differ. 

3. Answers may differ. 

4 and 5. 1787. Philadelphia. There was no executive power, but 
little power was given to Congress, and there was a general feel- 
ing that there should be a stronger national government. All 
but the fifteen amendments. 

6. Missouri was to be admitted as a slave State, but slavery was to be 

forever prohibited in all other territory west of the Mississippi 
and north of the parallel 36° 30'. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. Answers may differ. 

9. The bill introduced by Stephen A. Douglas, organizing the terri- 

tories of Kansas and Nebraska, and giving the inhabitants the 
power to decide whether slavery should be admitted or prohib- 
ited. 
10. Answers may differ. 

Algebra. 

I. Algebra is the science which treats of quantity as expressed by let- 
ters, figures, or a combination of both; while arithmetic is the 
science of number alone. 
(See note above.) 



172 



Uniform Graded Examinat. on Qiiestions, 



2. 

3- 

4. 
5- 
6. 

7. 
8. 

9- 
10. 



The divisions connected by the signs plus and minus. 

An axiom is a self-evident truth. 

Answers to the last clause may differ. 

a^ - a'b + ab'^ — b'^. 

20. 

15 
¥¥• 

x^ — sx^y + lo-T^j^'^ — lox^y"^ -\- s^y^ — y^' 

2 or i. 

;r — 2/ + 3. 

Book-keeping. 



1. (a) An entry denoting value parted .vith to another or lost from 

the business, (b) The footing of an account having only one 
side, or the difference in the footings of one having two sides. 

2. ($100.00) 

(Albany, N. Y.), Mar. 13, 1889. 
Sixty days after date, we jointly and severally promise to pay to 
the order of (John Doe) (one hundred dollars) at the (First National 
Bank of Albany, N. Y.). Value received. 

Thos. Crane. 
Peter Sands. 




4. May 15, li 

5. «/c or acct. Cr. Amt. D. B. Int. 

6 to 10. Day Book, Cash Book, and Ledger. 
See any approved forms. 
See any approved methods of entry. (Note particularly the use 

of abbreviations or conventions.) 
See any approved form of ledger accounts. 



School Law. 

1. (a) Andrew S. Draper, (b) Three years, (c) February 14, 1S89. 

(d) By joint ballot of the Senate and Assembly. 

2. For immoral conduct, for lack of ability to govern and instruct a 

school, for lack of educational qualifications as shown by re- 
examination upon failure in the work of teaching, for fraud or 
collusion at examination, etc. 

3. A district that is situated in, i.e., embraces part of, two or more 

commissioner districts. 

4. Under the supervision of the school commissioner in whose district 

the school-house is situated. 
5 and 6. (a) Twenty-eight weeks, (b) Legal holidays occurring upon 



Tuesday and Wednesday, March 12 and i^, i88g. 173 

regular school days of said term, and time spent by the teacher 
in attendance upon a teachers' institute, not to exceed three 
weeks of said term. 

7. The teacher. 

8. The regular call for the special meeting. 

Q. To be eligible to a certificate of the second grade, one term of at 
least twelve weeks. To one of the first grade, at least two 
years. 
10. Commissioners' certificates of either the first grade or the second 
grade may be indorsed by other commissioners, and thus be 
made valid for their respective commissioner districts. 

Physics. 

1. Anything that can be perceived by the Senses. The smallest por- 

tion of matter that can exist alone. 

2. 40 lbs. 

3. Hydrostatics treats of liquids at rest. Hydraulics treats of liquids 

in motion. 

4. The air near the source of heat becomes heated and rises; the 

upper portions of air descend and are in turn heated. 

5. Because of its greater power to conduct heat. 

6. Frozen vapor. As a covering, it prevents the rapid radiation of 

heat. 

7. A sound reflected from a building or other object. 

8. By passing around it a current of electricity, through a coil of in- 

sulated wire, 
g. The intensity of light decreases as the square of the distance in- 
creases. Illustrations may differ. 
10. Centrifugal force. Illustrations may differ. 

Methods. 

1. The perceptive faculties, memory, and imagination. 

2. Answers may differ. 

3. In object-teaching, the study of the object is the immediate end in 

view. In objective teaching, the object is introduced for illustra- 
tion. 

4. It consists mainly in teaching addition, subtraction, multiplication, 

division, and fractions together. 

5. Legibility, neatness, uniformity, and rapidity. 

6. Answers may differ. 

7. Answers may differ. 

Current Topics. 

1. A bill recently introduced in the Legislature of New York, to regu- 

late the sale of intoxicating liquors, prepared by a commission 
appointed by the Legislature of 1888. 

2. North Dakota, South Dakota, Washington, and Montana. 

3. Secretary of State, James G. Blaine of Maine; Secretary of the 



174 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Treasury, William Windom of Minnesota; Secretary of War, 
Redfield Proctor of Vermont; Secretary of the Navy, Benjamin 
F. Tracy of New York; Secretary of the Interior, John W. 
Noble of Missouri; Postmaster-General, John Wanamaker of 
Pennsylvania; Attorney-General, W. H. H. Miller of Indiana; 
Secretary of Agriculture, Jeremiah M. Rusk of Wisconsin. 

4. Nicaragua Ship-canal. 

5. Answers will differ. 

6. Answers may differ. 

7. Melvil Dewey. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 



TUESDAY, MARCH 12, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic. 



1. Define {a) compound number; {b) odd number; {c) com- 

posite number. Write an example of each. (10) 

2. {a) Write decimally five eighths of one per cent, {b) Write 

as a fraction the ratio of eight to three. (10) 

3. Add \ hr. 2o| min. and 49.2 sec. ETxpress the answer in 

minutes and seconds. (10) 

4. Find the difference in time corresponding to a difference in 

longitude of 7*" 42' 30". (10) 

5. Multiply eight hundred and forty-six tenthousandths by 

three thousand forty millionths. (20) 

6. A number is expressed by eleven integral and fonr decimal 

figures. Name in order from leit to right the integral 
periods and the decimal places. (10) 

7. What decimal part of a mile is 39.27 yd. } (10) 

8. My agent collects the yearly rent of my house and retains 

$13.25, the amount of his commission at i\ per cent. 
For how much does the house rent per year } (10) 

9. A rectangular field is 7 ch. 25 1. long, and contains 5 acres. 

How wide is the field } (lo) 
10. Make and solve a problem illustrating how the principal is 
found when the interest, rate per annum, and time are 
known, using i yr. i mo. i da. as the time. (10) 

Geography. 

1. Define horizon ; pole; zenith; orbit; solstice. (10) 

2. What two great motions has the earth ? What general 

result is produced by each } (10) 

3. Name and locate three mountain-ranges in this State. (10) 

4. What city of this State is on the outlet of Owasco Lake ? 

On the St. Lawrence River? On the Black River? On 
Lake Ontario ? On the Chemung River ? (10) 

5. Bound Pennsylvania by political divisions. (10) 

6. Locate Wheeling; Cincinnati; Indianapolis; Detroit; 

Chicago. (10) 

175 



176 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

7. Into what does the Tiber River flow ? What large city near 

its mouth ? (10) 

8. What bodies of land does Behring Strait separate? What 

bodies of water does it connect ? (10) 

9. Name and locate two large cities of China. (10) 

10. How many counties in this State? How many cities? 
How many towns in your county ? (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. State three qualifications that a voter at our State elections 

must have. (10) 

2. Name two officers of a Territory, and state how each is 

chosen. (10) 

3. How can the sale of intoxicating liquors be legally pro- 

hibited in any town of this State? (10) 

4. When is our State election held ? In what year will State 

Senators be next elected in this State? (10) 

5. Name five State officers, and mention one duty pertaining 

to each. (10) 

6. What is the difference between original dind appellate ]\ir' 

isdiction of courts ? (10) 

7. Name one officer in each of the three departments of 

government in a county. (10) 

8. What are the qualifications required to render a person 

eligible to the office of Governor of tliis State ? (10) 

9. Give the official titles of the judicial officers who constitute 

a Court of Sessions. (10) 
10. What are capital crimes ? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 

1. Amusements of my Childhood. 

2. My Last School. 

3. Bread-making. 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition 

with particular reference to three points : 
(i) The mattery i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

Vv^hen, in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to 
dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to 



Tuesday, March 12, i88g. 177 

assume, among' the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which 
the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opin 
ions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them tc 
the separation. — Declaration of Indepelfdefice. 

The first five questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi 
fied predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, ^\\^ only the case and the reason 
for it. 

"Qy phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give only 
the preposition and its unmodified object. 

A modifier may be a word, phrase^ or clause. 

Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

Only eight parts of speech are recognized— the articles the and a forming a 
subdivision of adjectives, and participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz., transitive and intransitive ; 
and treat voice as a property of transitive verbs only. 

In parsing a verb, observe the following order : Principal parts, regular or irregu- 
lar, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement. 

In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order : Class, person, 
number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, 
state the agreement with its antecedent. An object of a transitive verb is 
classed as a modifier of such verb. 

1. Select five subordinate clauses, classifying them as adjective, 

adverbial, or objective. (10) 

2. What are the modifiers of respect? of requires? (10) 

3. What are the modifiers of bands? of to asstinie? (10) 

4. Decline the personal pronoun of the third person, giving 

all of its forms in the singular. (10) 

5. Give an example of each part of speech found in the selec- 

tion. Give the syntax of the relative pronouns. (10) 

6. Select one verb illustrating each mode (mood) found in the 

above extract. Parse />?<^/. (10) 

7. Write a sentence containing a verb in the imperative mode. 

Write a sentence containing a plural noun in \)ci^ posses- 
sive case. (10) 

8. Illustrate by sentence the correct use of the comparative; 

the superlative. (lo) 

9. When should a verb having two or more singular subjects 

be in the singular number.^ when in the plural number.^ 
Illustrate by sentences. (10) 
10. Write two nouns having no singular, and two nouns having 
the same form for both numbers. Decline the noun 
lady in both numbers. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What is dentine? (10) 

2. What element in the blood seems designed to stop hemor- 

rhage .^ (lOj 

3. What are the metacarpal bones? (10) 

4. W^hat is the common name given to the sternum ? to the 

clavicle ? to the scapula ? (10) 

5. What is the function of the sebaceous glands? (10) 



lyS Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

6. (a) How may exercise weaken a muscle ? (d) Why is change 

of physical employment restful ? (lo) 

7. What benefits are derived frgm a thorough rubbing of the 

skin by a dry flesh-brush or towel ? (10) 

8. Of what use are tears ? By what secreted ? WHiat provision 

is made for their escape from the eye in ordinary quan- 
tities ? (10) 

9. Mention five narcotic poisons. (10) 

10. Locate the aorta ; the jugular veins ; the portal vein ; the 
pulmonary artery. (10) 

American History. 

1. State facts as to any /tuo of the following : John Smith ; 

John Endicott ; Roger W^illiams ; William Penn ; Cecil 
Calvert. (10) 

2. What historic event is suggested by Ticonderoga ? Stony 

Point .-^ Cemetery Ridge .^ Atlanta.^ Appomattox.^ 
(10) 

3. Name four intercolonial wars. (10) 

4. At the storming of Quebec by the English, what two famous 

leaders were killed ? (10) 

5. What was the Mutiny Act ? The Boston Massacre ? (10) 

6. Who was Kosciusko ? La Fayette .^ (10) 

7. How did Texas become a part of the United States ? What 

resulted.^ (10) 

8. Name two great battles of the Mexican War, and name the 

commander of the American forces in each. (10) 

9. Describe the capture of Fort Sumter in 1861. (10) 

10. Name a prominent historical event of 1862; 1863; 1864; 
1865; 1876. 

Current Topics. 

Of the following- questions, the candidate will answer only five, to each of which 
twenty credits are assigned. 

1. Name two reasons which have been proposed for restricting 

immigration. 

2. What was the nature of the recent hotel disaster in Hart- 

ford ? State the cause. 

3. What is the new system of warming railroad cars ? Why 

was it adopted ? 

4. What is meant by the ** Parnell Investigation"? 

5. What has been done to relieve the pressure of business 

before the Court of Appeals? 

6. What new cabinet office has recently been created ? 

7. Give name and official title of three members of President 

Harrison's cabinet. 



Tuesday, March 12, i88g. 179 



ANSWERS FOR MARCH 12, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES. 



Note.— It will be seen that the answers printed below are in many cases 
merely sujjg-estive. Examiners will not be confined to the precise form or sub- 
stance except where exact answers are required. 

Arithmetic. 

1. {a) A number expressed in two or more denominations of the same 

table, {b) A number ending in i, 3, 5, 7, or g. {c) A number 
that can be resolved in two or more integral factors. 
Ex. {a) 4 lb. 5 oz. {I?) 79. {c) 48. 

2. {a) .00625. {b) |. 

3. 47 min. 123-g^ sec. 

4. 30 min. 50 sec. 

5. 800.0046 X .003040 =r 2.432013984. 

6. Billions, millions, thousands, units, tenths, hundredths, thou- 

sandths, tenthousandths. 

7. .0223125 mi. 

8. $530. 

9. 6 ch. 89.6+1. 

10. Answers may differ. 

Geography. 

1. An extremity of the earth's axis. The place where the earth and 

sky seem to meet. The point directly overhead in the heavens. 
The path of the earth around the sun. The point in the ecliptic 
at which the sun reaches its greatest northern or southern 
declination. 

2. Rotation on its axis producing day and night, and revolution 

around the sun producing (with other conditions) the changes of 
the seasons. 

3. Answers may differ. 

4. Auburn. Ogdensburg. Watertown. Oswego. Elmira. 

5. North by Canada and New York; east by New York and New 

Jersey; south by Delaware, Maryland, and West Virginia; west 
by West Virginia and Ohio. 

6. In West Virginia, on the Ohio. In southwestern Ohio, on the 

Ohio. In the central part of Indiana. In southeastern Michi- 
gan, on the Detroit River. In northeastern Illinois, on Lake 
Michigan. 

7. The Mediterranean Sea. Rome. 

8. Asia from North America. The Pacific Ocean and the Arctic 

Ocean. 

9. Answers may differ. 

10. 60. 30. Answers to the last cl^v§e must differ. 



i8o Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Civil Government. 

1. Qualification of voters: (i) Male citizen. (2) 21 years of age. (3) 

Citizen for ten days. (4) Resident of State for one year next 
preceding the election. (5) Resident of county four months. 
(6) Resident of election district 30 days. 

2. Governor and Secretary; appointed by the President and confirmed 

by the United States Senate. 
Auditor, Treasurer, and Superintendent of Common Schools 
elected by the Legislature of the Territory. 

3. By the refusal of the Excise Board to grant licenses. 

4. On the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November. Senators 

will be elected in 1889. 

5. Answers may differ. 

6. Original jurisdiction, having power of the first hearing of causes; 

appellate, having power to review causes which have been heard 
by an inferior court. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. Must be a male citizen not less than thirty years of age, and must 

have been a resident of the State for five years next preceding 
his election. 

9. County Judge and Justices of Sessions. 
10. Crimes punishable by death. 

Reading. 
No answers can be given. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. It is a bony matter of which the greater part of a tooth is com- 

posed. 

2. Fibrin. 

3. The bones of the hand, i.e., the bones beyond the wrist. 

4. Breast bone. Collar bone. Shoulder blade. 

5. To oil the skin and hair, keeping them soft and pliable. 

6. By being too violent, too spasmodic, or too long-continued. Be- 

cause other sets of muscles are put in use, and the sets ordi- 
narily used have rest. 

7. The circulation of the blood in the skin is quickened, the worn-out 

scales of the cuticle and the excretions from perspiration aie 
removed. 

8. To moisten and clean the surface of the eye. By the lachrymal 

gland situated in the upper and outer part of the eye socket. 
The nasal duct, situated at the inner angle of the eye, carries them 
into the nose. 

9. Answers may differ. 

10. The aorta in its downward course is in the back part of the chest 
and abdomen, just in front of the spinal column. 

The jugular veins are on each side of the neck and carry the 
blood from the head. The portal vein is in the right side of the 
abdomen, and connects veins of the stomach and intestines with 
the liver. 

The pulnjonary artery extends from the right ventricle to the 
lungSu 



Tuesday, March 12, i88g. 181 

Grammar. 

1. Adverbial. It becomes necessary. 
Adjective. Which have connected. 

Laws entitle. 
Which impel. 
Objective. They should declare. 

2. Modifiers of respect : Adjectives, a and decent; adjective phrase, to 

opinions. Modifiers of requii-es : Adverbial clause, it becojjies 
necessary; objective clause, they should declare. 

3. Modifiers of bands : Adjectives, the 3.ud political, and the adjective 

clause IV hie h have cofinected. Modifiers of to assume : The ad- 
verbial phrase ainong poivers, and the object station. 

4. Singular. — Nom. he, Poss. his, Obj. him. ) 

" she, " her, " her. > 

'* it, '' its, " it. ) 

Plural. — Nom. they, Poss. their, Obj. them. 

5. Answers to the first part may differ. 

IVhich in the second line is the subject of have connected, and is 

in the tiofnijtative case. 
Which in the third line is the object of the preposition to, and is in 

the objective case. 

6. Indicative: Becomes; have connected ; entitle ; requires ; impel. In- 

finitive: To dissolve ; to assume. PoienUal: Should declare. That 
connects the clauses respect, requires, and they should declare ; it 
is therefore a conjunction. 

7. Examples: Go quickly. The boys' lessons were recited well, or. 

He sells women s shoes. 

8. Examples: John is /^?//^r than I. This is the shortest day of the 

year. 

9. When they are connected by or or nor. Ex. — John or Charles is 

coming. When they are connected by and. Ex. — John and 
Charles are coming. 
10. Examples: Nouns with no singular, scissors, vespers, ashes, ^\.q.. 

Nouns having the same form in both numbers : Deer, sheep, 
swine, etc. 
Singular. — Nom. lady, Poss. ladys, Obj. lady. 
Plural. — Nom. ladies, Poss. ladies', Obj. ladies. 

American History. 

1. Answers may differ. 

2. Its capture by Ethan Allen. Its capture by Mad Anthony Wayne. 

The battle of Gettysburg. Its capture by Sherman. The sur- 
render of Lee's Army. 

3. King William's war. Queen Anne's war. King George's war. 

French and Indian war. 

4. Wolfe and Montcalm. 

5. An act requiring Americans to furnish English soldiers with shelter 

and supplies. The killing of citizens of Boston by the British 
troops in 1770. 

6. A Pole of noble birth who came to America and gave his aid to 

the Patriot cause. 



1 82 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

A French nobleman who purchased a ship, fitted it out at his own 
expense, came to America, and served in the Patriot army. 

7. By annexation. The Mexican war. 

8. Answers may differ. 

9. Answers may differ. 
10. Answers may differ. 

Current Topics. 

1. Answers may differ. 

2. The hotel was wrecked by the explosion of a steam-boiler. 

3. The heating of cars by steam from the locomotive. To avoid 

danger of fire from stoves, in case of accident. 

4. An investigation by the English Government to determine the 

truth or falsity of certain charges connecting Charles Stewart 
Parnell with certain crimes committed in England and Ireland. 

5. A supplementary Court of Appeals has been formed by the 

appointment, by the Governor, of judges from the Supreme 
Court. 

6. Secr.;tary of Agriculture. 

7. Answers may differ. 



QUESTIONS FOR. EXAMINATION. 
SATURDAY, APRIL 6, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Define {a) common factor ; {b) common multiple ; {c) diag- 

onal of a quadrilateral. (10) 

2. In the written number 54.372, the value expressed by the $ 

is how many times the value expressed by the 2} (10) 

3. How many times can a jar holdin<^ ^ of f of a gallon be 

filled from another jar containing f of 3^ gallons.^ (10) 

4. A watch case is -^^ gold and -{^ alloy. How many carats 

fine is it .^ (10) 

5. The sum of two numbers is 12 bu. i pk. 3 qt.,and their dif- 

ference is I bu. 2 pk. 5 qt. What are the numbers } (10) 

6. Find the ratio expressed (a) by the couplet 66f : Z\ ; {p) by 

the couplet 11 in. : 5 ft. (10) 

7. The volume of a rectangular prism is 5 cu. yd. i cu. ft. 290 

cu. in., and its length is 8 ft. 2 in. Find the other dimen- 
sions. (10) 

8. How many feet of lumber are there in a board 16 feet long, 

15 inches wide at one end and 13 inches wide at the 
other .^ (10) 

9. Make and solve a problem illustrating the application of 

percentage to the finding of an agent's commission. (10) 
10. What is due to-day on a note given September 24, 1887, 
for $138.50 and interest at 5 ^ per annum } (10) 

Geography. 

1. Define volcano ; geyser; tributary; estuary. (10) 

2. Locate Hornellsville ; Ithaca; Middletown ; Amsterdam; 

Newburgh. (10) 

3. Beginning at the north, name in order the counties of this 

State that border on New England, excluding those of 
Long Island. (10) 

4. Locate Penobscot Bay; Narragansett Bay; Albemarle 

Sound ; Bay of Fundy. (jo) 

5. Name three food-products that are largely exported from 

the United States. (10) 

183 



184 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

6. What is the chief sugar-producing region of the world? (10) 

7. Name two great uses of rivers. (10) 

8. Name four great islands of the Malay Archipelago. (10) 

9. Why are day and night always equal at the equator? (10) 
10. Name the great circles of the earth ; the small circles. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. Who is commander-in-chief of the Army of the United 

States? (10) 

2. What is meant by " president pro tempore' of the Senate 

of the United States ? (10) 

3. Who presides over the Senate of the United States when 

it meets as a court of impeachment for the trial of the 
President? (10) 

4. Name three sources of internal revenue. (10) 

5. What are the principal duties of the Coniptroller? (10) 

6. When will occur the next election of Governor and Lieu- 

tenant-Governor of this State ? (10) 

7. Name the officers of a school district, and state the princi- 

pal duty of each. (10) 

8. Name six officers who are elected at a town meeting ; give 

the length of term of office of each one mentioned. (10) 

9. By what authority is a county organized ? A town ? (10) 
10. Why is the veto power given to the Governor? (10) 

Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a letter to your school commiissioner, describing the 
condition and needs of the schoolhouse in which you last 
taught, or attended school, as to furniture, blackboards, and 
apparatus ; or 

Write to a trustee of a school district a lett-er of recommen- 
dation for an acquaintance seeking a position as teacher. 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
particular reference to three points : 
(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

If the reader sees in this fairy picture only the romantic coloring' of some fabu- 
lous El Dorado, he must recall what has been said before in reference to the 
palaces of the Incas, and consider that these " Houses of the Sun,"" as they were 
styled, were the common reservoir intowiiich flowed all the streams of public and 
private benefactions throughout the empire. — Williavi H. Prescott. 

The first six questions refer to the above selection. 



Saturday, April 6, i88g. 185 

Notes. — In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi- 
fied predicate. 

In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give 
only the preposition and its unmoditied object. 

A moditier may be a ivord^ phrase, or clause. 

An object of a transitive verb is classed as a modifier of that verb. 

Infinitives are classed as 7nodes of the verb. 

Only eight parts of speech are recognized — the articles the and a forming a sub- 
division of adjectives, 7kv\^ participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz., transitive and intransitive : 
and treat 7<oice as a property of transitive verbs only. 

In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order : Class, person, 
number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, 
state the agreement with its antecedent. 

In parsing a verb, observe the following order : Principal parts, regular or ir- 
regular, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement. 

1. Give the unmodified subject and the unmodified predicates 

(predicate verbs) of the principal clause. (10) 

2. What are the modifiers of {a) must recall ; (<^) consider .^ (10) 

3. What are the modifiers of (a) sees ; ip) reservoir? (10) 

4. Parse has bee7i said. (10) 

5. Parse (c?) that; {b) into. (10) 

6. Give syntax of (a) reservoir ; {b) streams. (10) 

7. Define {a) adjective; (b) preposition ; ic) abstract noun. (10) 

8. Name five adjectives which, being used like nouns, are often 

called adjective-pronouns. (10) 

9. Write sentences showing the use of the past perfect (plu- 

perfect) tense of the verb {a) sit ; {b) set ; {c) lie {to 7'c- 
dine) ; (<^) lay. (10) 
10. Illustrate by sentence or sentences the use of a participle 
and an infinitive used like adjectives. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What is the largest gland in the body .^ Where located? 

What is its function ? (10) 

2. What acts constitute respiration? What muscles are em- 

ployed in regulating these acts ? (10) 

3. What is the patella? What is its use? (10) 

4. Mention three causes that quicken the circulation. (10) 

5. Name the organs of the nervous system. (10) 

6. What is the general effect upon the S3^stem of the use of 

alcohol? (10) 

7. How is the temperature of the different parts of the body 

kept substantially equal under normal conditions? (10) 

8. How are the muscles attached to the bones which the)' are 

intended to move? (10) 

9. Name four conditions that tend to develop consumption. 

(10) 
10. How may exercise relieve headache caused by over-mental 
exertion ? (10) 



1 86 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

American History. 

1. How came New Jersey and Delaware to be so named ? (lo) 

2. Relate the story of Paul Revere's ride. (lo) 

3. State facts as to Israel Putnam ; General Marion ; General 

Warren. (10) 

4. Where is Faneuil Hall .^ For what is it noted? (10) 

5. Name one battle of the Civil War where each of the fol- 

lowing Union generals was in command : McClellan ; 
Meade; Burnside ; Hooker; Thomas. (10) 

6. What were ''blockade-runners".^ By whom w^ere they 

fitted out.^ (10) 

7. Give an account of Sheridan's famous ride from Winches- 

ter. (10) 

8. What two States were admitted into the Union during the 

Civil War .> (10) 

9. What has been the approximate increase of population in 

the United States since the close of the Revolution ? (10) 
10. State facts as to William Lloyd Garrison ; Henry W. Long- 
fellow ; John G. Whittier ; William CuUen Bryant. (10) 
(Select any two of the above names about which to w^ite.) 

Current Topics. 

Of the following' questions, the candidate will answer only five, to each of which 
twenty credits are assigned. 

1. What is meant by '* ballot reform".^ 

2. Who is the presiding officer of the United States Senate ? 

3. What centennial will be celebrated April 30th next .^ 

Where ? 

4. What is meant by '* rapid transit" ? 

5. What prominent journalist has President Harrison recently 

appointed to a foreign mission ? 

6. What institute-conductor of this State died last December.^ 

To what branch of teaching had he been giving his 
special attention during the past year.^ 

7. Who are the United States Senators representing New 

York ? 

8. What is meant by ** constitutional prohibition" ? 



ANSWERS FOR APRIL 6, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic 



{a) A factor that is found in two or more given nunribers. {b) A 
number that is exactly divisible by two or more given numbers, 
(c) A line connecting its opposite angles. 



Saturday, April 6, i88g. 187 



2. 


25,000 times. 


3- 


15 times. 


4. 


14 carats. 


5. 


The greater number is 7 bu., and the less is ^ bu. i pk, 


6. 


(a) 8, (/;) ii 


7- 


Width and thickness are each 4 ft. i in. 


8. 


i8f. 


9- 


Answers may differ. 


0. 


$149.12. 




Geography. 



3qt. 



1. A mountain that sends out smoke, lava, etc. A spouting spring. 

A stream flowing into a larger stream. The wide mouth of a 
tidal river. 

2. In the southwestern part of New York, on the Erie Railway. At 

the head of Cayuga Lake. In the southeastern part of New 
York, on the Erie Railway. In the central part of New York, 
on the Mohawk. On the west bank of the Hudson. 

3. Clinton, Essex, Washington, Rensselaer, Columbia, Dutchess, 

Putnam, and Westchester. 

4. In the southeastern part of Maine. In the eastern part of Rhode 

Island. In the eastern part of North Carolina. Between Nova 
Scotia and New Brunswick. 

5. Answers may differ. 

6. Cuba. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. Answers may differ. 

9. Because the sun always rises exactly in the east at six o'clock, and 

sets exactly in the west at six o'clock. 
10. Equator, meridian circles. Tropics, polar circles, parallels. 

Civil Government. 

1. The President. 

2. A Senator chosen by the Senate to preside in the absence of the 

Vice-President, or when the office of Vice-President is vacant. 

3. The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. 

4. Answers may differ. 

5. To examine, and audit or reject claims against the State. 

6. November, 1891. 

7. The trustee has general charge of the school property, hires the 

teacher, makes the report to the school commissioner, and levies 
the district taxes. The clerk calls district meetings and keeps 
the district records. The collector collects the taxes, and pays 
the money collected on orders given by the trustee or trustees. 
The librarian has charge of the library. 

8. Answers may differ. 

9. The legislature. The board of supervisors. 

10. To prevent the enactment of unwise or unconstitutional laws. 

Grammar. 

1. Subject, he. Predicates, viust recall and {?nust) consider:. 

2. (a) The adverbial clause if reader sees and the objective clause 



1 88 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

what has been said. ( What may be treated as the object.) (<5) 
The objective clause that '* Houses of the Sun^' were reservoir. 

3. {a) The adverbial phrase in picture and the object coloring; (b) 

the adjectives the and co7n?nony and the adjective clause into 
which Jlowed streams. 

4. Principal parts, say, said, saying, said; regular, transitive, passive 

voice, indicative mode, present perfect tense, and agrees with 
the subject what in the third person and singular number. 

5. {a) That connects the following clause to the verb consider, and is 

a conjunction, (b) Into shows the relation between its object, 
whichy and the v^xh Jlowed, and is a preposition. 

6. (a) Attribute (predicate noun); agrees with the subject in the nomi- 

native case, {b) Subject oi Jlowed; nominative case. 

7. {a) A word used to modify a noun or pronoun is an adjectire. (b) 

A word used to show relation is a preposition, {c) The name of 
a quality is an abstract noun. 

8. Ex. — All, any, both, few, this, that. 

9. Ex. — {a) He had sat at the table an hour, (b) He had set the hen. 

{c) He had lain in bed too long. (^) He had laid the book on 
the table. 
10. Ex. — John, having recited his lesson, was dismissed. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The liver. On the right side below the diaphragm. Its known 

function is to secrete the bile. 

2. Inhalation and exhalation. The diaphragm and the intercostal 

muscles. 

3. The knee-pan, i.e., a heart-shaped bone in front of the knee joint. 

Its use is to change the direction of the force exerted by the 
muscles that straighten the knee joint. 

4. Answers may differ. 

5. The brain, the spinal cord, and the nerves. 

6. The necessary conditions of waste and repair are partially checked. 

7. By the constant circulation of the blood. 

8. By tendons. 

9. Answers may differ. 

10. By drawing a part of the blood from the brain to other portions 
of the body. 

American History. 

1. In honor of the Governor of Jersey Island. After Lord De la 

Ware. 

2. Answers may differ. 

3. Answers may differ. 

4. In Boston. As the '' Cradle of Liberty." 

5. Answers may differ. 

6. Vessels fitted out to run the blockade of rebel ports. By foreign 

merchants. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. West Virginia and Nevada. 

9. From about 3,000,000 to about 6o,qoo,ooo. 
to. Answers may differ. 



Saturday, April 6, i88g. 189 

Current Topics. 

1. A change in the manner of conducting elections, to secure secrecy 

in voting, and to provide ballots at public expense. 

2. Vice-President Levi P. Morton. 

3. The inauguration of George Washington as the first President of 

the United States. In New York. 

4. Improved facilities for conveyance, which shall reduce or lessen 

the time required at present. 

5. Whitelaw Reid. (Other nominations may be made which commis- 

sioners are authorized to accept.) 

6. Dr. John H. French. Industrial drawing. 

7. Wm. M. Evarts and Frank Hiscock. 

8. A constitutional amendment which shall prohibit the traffic in 

alcoholic spirits. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
SATURDAY, MAY 4, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic. 



1. What is a composite number? A rectangle? (to) 

2. How is the value of a fraction changed by increasing its 

denominator? Why? (10) 

3. Divide .75 of 17! by f of .035. (10) 

4. Make and solve a problem to illustrate reduction descend- 

ing ; one to illustrate reduction ascending. (10) 

5. Find the common prime factors of 858, 15 18, and 5874. 

(10) 

6. If 4 men eat 64 pounds of bread in 2 weeks, how many 

pounds will 16 men eat in 7 weeks, at the same rate ? (10) 

7. Raise 16 to the fourth power, using but two multiplications. 

(10) 

8. How many perch of stone are required for the walls of a 

cellar 18 ft. by 16 ft. by 8 ft., the walls to be i^ feet thick, 
making no deduction for corners, and estimating the 
perch to equal 24! cubic feet ? (10) 

9. A hotel is insured for f of its value, at \\ percent premium, 

and the premium amounts to $150. Find the valuation 
of the hotel. (10) 
10. Find the interest on $250 for i yr. 10 mo. 20 da., at 6 ^, by 
two different methods. (10) 

Geography. 

1. Name the three counties of New York that have each two 

cities ; name the cities of each. (10) 

2. Name two canals of this State, and tell what waters each 

connects. (10) 

3. Name the States bordering on the great lakes. (10) 

4. Name three large rivers flowing into the Ohio from the 

south. (10) 

5. Locate the District of Columbia ; Fortress Monroe. (10) 

6. Name {a) the largest political division of South America; 

{b) its most important river ; {c) its largest city, giving 
its location. (10) 

7. Name four great races of men, and a country in which each 

is the prevailing race. (10) 

190 



Saturday, May 4, i88g. 191 

8. Name three places in this State where battles were fought 

during the Revolutionary War. (10) 

9. In what direction and how far from the Tropic of Cancer is 

the Tropic of Capricorn ? (10) 
10. Of what is the British Empire constituted ? (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. What is statute law ? (10) 

2. What officer has the power to form and dissolve school 

districts ? (10) 

3. Not every voter at a general election is a voter at a school 

district election. State two qualifications which will 
entitle one of the former to vote for a district trustee. 
(10) 

4. How many justices of sessions are chosen in each county.^ 

What other office must they also hold ? (10) 

5. The authority of a State Legislature to enact laws is derived 

from what source.^ (10) 

6. How many judges constitute the General Term Court .^ By 

what authority are they chosen ? Who only can be 
chosen ? (10) 

7. Explain how it may happen that a person may be elected 

President of the United States by a minority of the popu- 
lar vote. (10) 

8. In case the President and Vice-President should die, what 

J officer would become President? For how long time.'^ 
(10). 

9. State two qualifications demanded of a person elected 

President or Vice-President of the United States, that 

are not required of any other United States ofiicer. (10) 

10. How are vacancies in the United States Senate filled ? (10) 

Reading. 

To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects 
(a) Benefits of Physical Culture. 
(d) A Short Review of some Book recently read. 
(c) Tree-planting. 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
particular reference to three points : 

1. The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

2. The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

3. The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 



192 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

Grammar. 

After a continuous service of three terms, I will leave this chair to-day with 
sentiments of the warmest friendship and the most profound respect, not only for 
the gentlemen who compose the present House, but for all that have preceded 
them; and, while the termination of my ofificial labors and responsibilities affords 
of itself no occasion for regret, I cannot without reluctance sever the relations 
which have existed so long between us.— John G. Carlisle. 

The first seven questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — i. In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi- 
fied predicate. 

2. Subordinate clauses include {a) subject clauses; {b) objective clauses; {c) ad- 
jective clauses; {d) adverbial clauses. 

3. '^y phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give 
only the preposition and its unmodified object. 

4. A modifier may be a word., phrase., or clause. 

5. An object of a transitive verb is classed as a modifier of that verb. 

6. Only eight parts of speech are recognized — the articles the and a forming a 
subdivision of adjectives, 2ind participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

7. Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

8. In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order : Class, person, 
number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, 
state the agreement v*^ith its antecedent. 

9. In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

10. Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz.: transitive and intransi- 
tive; and treat voice as a property of transitive verhs only. 

IT. In parsing a verb, observe the following order : Principal parts, regular or ir- 
regular, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement. 
12. The special use of an infinitive or a participle is given after tense. 

I. Select the principal clauses. State what connects them. 
(10) 
2-3. Select the subordinate clauses, and state what each modi- 
fies. (20) 
4. Give the modifiers of {a) respect ; (b) affords. (10) 
. 5. Parse all. (10) 

6. Parse that. (10) 

7. Select two examples of each part of speech found in the 

selection. (10) 

8. Using / as subject, write the future perfect (second future) 

tense of bid ; using they as subject, write the same tense 
of^^. (10) 

9. Write a sentence whose subject is modified by an adjective 

clause, and whose predicate is modified by an adverbial 
clause. (10) 
10. Write a sentence containing an interrogative pronoun 
used {a) as an object of a verb ; {b) as an object of a 
preposition. (10) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What matter in the composition of bones gives them tough- 

ness and elasticity.^ (10) 

2. Mention three qualities of muscle that it should be the aim 

of training to secure. (10) 

3. State some means by which nature purifies the air. (10) 



Saturday, May 4, 1889. 193 

4. Give two uses of the fatty substances of the body. (10) 

5. Where are the muscles that move the fingers located ? (10) 

6. Why does the skin become red with exercise ? How is it 

cooled ? (10) 

7. How may a chill resulting from bathing be prevented ? (10) 

8. Of what tissue is the heart composed ? How is it nour- 

ished ? (10) 

9. Why is severe mental labor liable to induce cold feet ? (10) 
10. Why is the warmth of fire more apparent to the palm than 

to the outside of the hand ? (10) 

American History. 

1. When did England make a treaty acknowledging the inde- 

pendence of the United States ? Where was it made ? 

(10) 

2. Name in order of location the thirteen original States of 

our Union. (10) 

3. What were the two great political parties during Washing- 

ton's administration? What were they in 1850? (10) 

4. When did Washington become the seat of government of 

the United States ? (10) 

5. Name five Presidents who have been re-elected. (10) 

6. To what State did each of the following belong : {a) Thomas 

Jefferson? {b) Andrew Jackson? {c) Daniel Webster? 
{d) Henry Clay? {e) John C. Calhoun? {/) James 
Buchanan ? {g) Abraham Lincoln ? (//) Samuel J. Tilden ? 
(/) Alexander H. Stephens? {j) " Stonewall " Jackson ? 
(10) 

7. What general first thoroughly organized the Army of the 

Potomac ? (10) 

8. Give an incident of the battle of Gettysburg. (10) 

9. What was the Sanitary Commission ? The Christian Com- 

mission ? (10) 
10. Why was the International Exhibition of 1876 held at 
Philadelphia? (10) 

Current Topics. 

Of the following questions the candidate will answer only five, to each of which 
twenty credits are assigned. 

1. The name of John Ericsson, recently deceased, was prom- 

inently connected with what event of the Civil War ? 

2. Who is the only surviving ex-Vice-President of the United 

States ? 

3. Give the location of the alleged rich gold fields recently 

discovered. 

4. What associate justice of the United States Supreme Court 

died recently ? 



194 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

5. What noted English statesman died last March ? 

6. Briefly describe the recent casualties in Samoa. 

7. State three uses of electricity in the mechanic arts. 

8. State the rate of postage on first-class domestic mail 

matter. 

9. What government land has been recently opened to settle- 

ment by proclamation of President Harrison ? 
10. What sons of ex-Presidents have been recently appointed 
to foreign missions ? 



ANSWERS FOR MAY 4, 1889. 



Arithmetic 



1. A number that can be resolved into two or more integral factors. 

A four-sided figure or surface all of whose angles are right 
angles. 

2. It is diminished. Because the equal parts enumerated are smaller. 

3. 472A:V, or 472.098-}-. 

4. Answers will differ. 

5. 2, 3, and II. 

6. 896 pounds. 

7. 16 X 16 r= 256; and 256 X 256 = 65,536. 

8. 32|f perch. 

9. |i 5,000. 

10. Interest, $28.33. Processes may differ. 

Geography. 

1. Answers may differ. 

2. Answers may differ. 

3. Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsyl- 

vania, and New York. 

4. Answers may differ. 

5. West of Maryland, ;_on the Potomac River. In^the southeastern part 

of Virginia. 

6. (a) Brazil, (d) Amazon, (c) Rio Janeiro, in the southeastern part, 

on the Atlantic Ocean. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. Answers may differ. 

9. South. 47°. 

10. The Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and its numerous 
colonies and possessions in all parts of the world. 

Civil Government. 

1. It consists of laws enacted by the legislative department of govern- 

ment. 

2. School Commissioner. 



Saturday May 4, 18S9. 195 

3. Answers may differ. 

4. Two. Justice of the Peace. 

5. The Constitution of the State. 

6. Three. By the Governor. Justices of the Supreme Court. 

7. The electors for a defeated candidate may be chosen by very large 

majorities in many States, while the electors for the successful 
candidate may be chosen by very small majorities. 

8. The Secretary of State, provided he has legal qualifications. The 

remainder of the term. 

9. He must be a natural-born citizen, thirty-five years of age, and 

must have been fourteen years a resident of the United States. 
10. The State Legislature fills the vacancy if it is in session; if not, the 
Governor appoints a person to serve until the legislature con- 
venes. 

Grammar. 

I. / will leave and / can sever. Conjunction and. 
2-3. The clause zvho compose modifies gentle?Hen ; the clause that have 
preceded modifies all ; the clause while ter initiation affords modi- 
fies can sever ; the clause which have existed modifies relations. 

4. {a) The adjectives the and profound, and the phrases for gentlemen 

2J\A for all ; {b) the phrase of itself , and the object occasion. 

5. All is an adjective, specifying, not compared, used like a noun, 

third person, plural number, masculine gender, object of the 
preposition /(7r, and in the objective case. (It is also parsed as 
an adjective-pronoun.) 

6. That is a pronoun, relative, agreeing with its antecedent all in the 

third person, plural number, and masculine gender, subject of 
have preceded, nominative case. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. I shall have bid (bidden). They will have gone. 

9. Ex. — The man who was summoned returned when he had delivered 

the message. 
10. Ex. — {a) Whom did you call ? {b) Towards what is he drifting ? 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The animal matter. 

2. Strength, endurance, and mobility. 

3. Answers may differ. 

4. Answers may differ. 

5. In the fore-arm. 

6. Because of the unusual amount of blood circulating through it. 

By perspiration. 

7. By securing a prompt reaction of the blood to the surface of the 

body, as by friction. 

8. It is of muscular tissue. By blood circulating through it, as in 

other muscles, and reaching its walls through the coronary 
artery. 

9. Because mental effort, if long continued, calls an undue amount of 

blood to the brain from the other parts of the body. 
10. Because the sensory nerves are so much more abundant in the palm 
than in the back of the hand. 



196 Uniform Graded Examination Quest ions. 

American History. 

1. 1783. At Paris. 

2. Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 

Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, 
South Carolina, Georgia, Florida. 

3. Federalist and Republican (also called Anti-Federalist). Democratic 

and Whig. 

4. 1800. 

6. Answers may differ. 

6. {a) Virginia, (d) Tennessee, (c) Massachusetts, (d) Kentucky. 

(<?) South Carolina. (/) Pennsylvania. (^) Illinois. (//) New 
York, (i) Georgia, (j) North Carolina. 

7. Geo. B. McClellan. 

8. Answers may differ. 

9. A great organization which had for its object the care of the sick 

and wounded in the army. The latter included religious in- 
struction and Christian burial as well. 
10. Because the Declaration of Independence was adopted there in 
1776, one hundred years before. 

Current Topics. 

1. The building of the Monitor. 

2. Hannibal Hamlin. 

3. Lower California. 

4. Stanley Matthews. 

5. John Bright. 

6. Answers may differ. 

7. Answers may differ. 

8. Two cents for each ounce or fraction of an ounce. 

9. Oklahoma. 

10. Robert T. Lincoln and Frederick D. Grant. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 
TUESDAY, AUGUST 13, 1889. 



SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. The sum of two numbers is I5f, and one of them is 9^^. 

Find the other number. (10) 

2. Define minuend, multiple (measure), and involution. Il- 

lustrate each. (10) 

3. A piece of land is 120 feet wide and 150 feet long. What 

part of an acre does it contain ? (10) 

4. Express in common fractions the value of \ per cent, 6J per 

cent. Express as per cents f, f. (10) 

5. Divide the difference between 4I and 5f by their sum. (10) 

6. Required the amount of $550 for 2 yr. 5 mo. 11 da., at 6 ^ 

per annum. (10) 

7. A bin 6 feet long and 4 feet wide has a capacity of 75 bushels 

stricken measure. How deep is it.^ (10) 

8. Subtract 16 ten-millionths from 27 millionths, and multi- 

ply the remainder by 20.5. (10) 

9. How many rods of fence are required to inclose a square 

lot whose area is 5184 sq. ft. ? (10) 
10. Three quarts dry measure is what per cent of one bushel } 
(10) 

Geography. 

1. Name three rivers rising in the Adirondacks, and state into 

what water each flows. (10) 

2. Mention the seven States that border upon Kentucky. (10) 

3. Name and locate two sounds and two bays on the eastern 

coast of the United States, (ro) 

4. State what bodies of water the following straits connect : 

{a) Florida Strait ; (I?) Hudson Strait ; {c) Davis Strait ; 
\d) Strait of Belle Isle. (10) 

197 



198 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

5. Locate {a) Sidney; {b) Tokio; {c) Calcutta. (10) 

6. Name and locate the highest mountain in {a) the world ; 

{b) Europe; {c) the western continent. (10) 

7. What mountains on the boundary between {a) the Chinese 

Empire and Siberia? {b) the Chinese Empire and India .'^ 
{c) Siberia and European Russia? (10) 

8. Locate Liverpool ; Hamburg; Bombay. (10) 

9. For what is each of the following places noted : {a) Sara- 

toga Springs ? ip) Albany ? (c) Syracuse ? {d) Lockport ? 
(10) 
10. Account for the difference of climate between Great Britain 
and Labrador. (10) 

Civil Government. 

1. How is a vacancy in the office of Member of the House of 

Representatives filled ? (10) 

2. What good reason is there for the constitutional provision 

that the chief executive shall have the power of veto ? 
(10) 

3. What is usury ? Give reason for its being made unlawful. 

(10) 

4. State a provision of the Constitution of the U. S. concern- 

ing taxation. (10) 

5. Name a power possessed by the House of Representatives 

and not possessed by the Senate. (10) 

6. By what steps may an alien become a citizen? (10) 

7. How are Territories represented in Congress? (10) 

8. Name the highest legislative, executive, and judicial officer, 

respectively, whose official duties are confined within the 
limits of the county. (10) 

9. Name three points of similarity between the State and the 

national governments. (10) 
10. How are first, second, and third class postmasters ap- 
pointed ? How are fourth-class postmasters appointed ? 
(10) 

• Reading. 
To be supplied by the Commissioner. 

Composition. 

Write a composition on one of the following subjects: 
A Day's Experience of a Housekeeper. 
The Washington Centennial Celebration. 
Summer Schools for Teachers. 
Cigarette-smoking. 



Tuesday, August i), i88g. 199 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with 
particular reference to three points : 

(i) The 7natter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

1 The corner-stone of the edifice whose centenary we are celebrating was the 

2 Ordinance of 1787. It was constructed by the feeblest of Congresses, but few 

3 enactments of ancient or modern times have had more far-reaching and benefi- 

4 cent influence. It is one of the sublimest paradoxes of history, that this weak 

5 confederation of States should have welded the chain, against which, after 

6 seventy-four years of fretful efforts for release, its own spirit frantically dashed 

7 and died. — Chauncey M. Depevi's Centennial Oration. 

The first nine questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — i. In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi- 
fied predicate. 

2. Subordinate clauses include («) subject clauses; {b) objective clauses; {c) 
adjective clauses; {d) adverbial clauses. 

3. By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give 
only the preposition and its unmodified object. 

4. A modifier may be a word, phrase, or clause. 

5. An object of a transitive verb is classed as a modifier of that verb. 

6. Only eight parts of speech are recognized— the articles the and a forming a 
subdivision of adjectives, and participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

7. Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

8. In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order : Class, person, 
number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, 
state the agreement with its antecedent. 

9. In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

10. Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz., transitive and intransitive; 
and treat voice as a property of transitive verbs only. 

IT. In parsing a verb, observe the following order : Principal parts, regular or ir- 
regular, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement. 
12. The special use of an infinitive or a participle is given after tense. 

1. Which are the principal clauses? (lo) 

2. State what each subordinate clause modifies, and give its 

elementary character according to note 2 above. (10) 

3. Recast the first clause of the second sentence, changing 

the voice of the verb. (10) 

4. Give syntax of centenary . (line i) and Ordinance (line 2). 

(10) 

5. Give three modifiers of dashed (line 6). 

6. Select an adjective used like a noun and give its syntax. 

(10) 

7. Decline whose (line i), and give its syntax. (10) 

8. Select an example of each degree of comparison of adjectives 

found in the selection. (10) 

9. Select (a) a personal pronoun; (b) a verbal (participial) 

adjective. Decline the pronoun selected. (lo) 



2 00 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

lo. Write a sentence containing a participle used as the object 
of a preposition and having as its own object a proper 
noun. (lo) 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. State which of the four classes of essential foods is best 

represented in each of the following articles : (a) wheat 
bread ; (d) cream ; (r) skimmed milk ; (d) lean meat ; 
(e) salt. (lo) 

2. Name some important office performed by the 7/z//i, or pro- 

tuberances of the i^ner lining of the small intestine. (lo) 

3. What is an artery ? (10) 

4. Show by diagram or description the relativ^e location, 

respectively, of the white and the gray matter of the 
spinal chord. (10) 

5. What disease of the liver is sometimes ascribed to the ex- 

cessive use of alcoholic stimulants.^ Describe the ex- 
ternal appearance of the liver w^hen affected by this 
disease. (10) 

6. Name the four chambers of the heart, first naming those 

cavities which receive dark-colored or venous blood. 
(10) 
, 7. What are the capillaries ? (10) 

8. Name one of the essential mineral foods of the bones. (10) 

9. What is dyspepsia .^ Mention two possible causes. (10) 
10. Name two kinds of glands found in the skin. (10) 

American History. 

1. On what ground did the French claim the region along the 

St. Lawrence River ? (10) 

2. For what is each of the following noted : (a) Walter Raleigh ? 

(d) John Smith ? (c) La Salle ? (d) De Soto ? (e) Bal- 
boa.^ (10) 

3. To whom did the land belong when our ancestors came to 

this country.^ (10) 

4. What forts did Burgoyne capture before reaching Saratoga 

in 1777.'^ (10) 

5. Tell the story of the Charter Oak. (10) 

6. State facts as to Valley Forge in 1778. (10) 

7. What originated the statement, " Cotton is King" .^ (10) 

8. How came General Grant to be called " Unconditional 

Surrender" Grant ? (10) 

9. Of what great event in the history of this nation is the 

present year the hundredth anniversary.^ (10) 
10. For what are the following noted: (a) Poe ? (<^) Holmes ? 
(c) Cooper.^ (d) Irving.^ (^) Bancroft.^ (10) 



Tuesday, August i^, i88g. 201 

Current Topics. 

Of the following questions, the candidate will answer only five, to each of 
which twenty credits are assigned. 

1. {a) Our tenth State Normal School will open next Septem- 

ber. Where is it located ? 
ip) The last Legislature authorized another. Where will it 
be located } 

2. What change did our last Legislature make in the length 

of the school year } 

3. What is the Paris Exposition intended to commemorate? 

4. State something about Laura Bridgman. 

5. To what country does each of the following belong : Bou- 

langer, John Bright, and Legitime? 

6. With what two projects has the name of M. De Lesseps 

been prominently connected ? 

7. Locate Johnstown, Pa., and state what has recently directed 

public attention to that city. 



QUESTIONS FOR EXAMINATION. 



TUESDAY AND WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 13 Ax\d 14, 1889. 



jF/j^st grade. 



Arithmetic. 



In the solution of problems, every process must be indicated. Mere answers 
will not be accepted. 

1. Express decimally ^^f-^, | of i ^, 85!^. (10) 

2. Find the prime factors of 168, 264, and 696. From these 

prime factors find the greatest common divisor and the 
least common multiple (measure) of the ^iven numbers. 
(10) 

3. What is one ninth of 28 bu. 3 pk. 7 qt. i pt. ? (10) 

4. Required the cost of laying a pavement 5-J- rods long and 

8 ft. 6 in. wide, at $1.40 per square yard. (10) 

5. If 3 be added to both terms of the fraction |, will the value 

be increased or diminished, and how much? (10) 

6. Multiply 24.234 by .346, and write the result in words. (10) 

7. A school-house is built at an expense of $5986, to be de- 

frayed by a tax upon property valued at $665,870. What 

rate upon $1000 of assessment will cover the cost.^ (10) 
8. Property worth $6000 is insured for f of its value, at f of 

one percent. What will be the loss, including premium, 

in case of total destruction by fire } (10) 
9. For how long must $450 be at interest at 5 per cent per 

annum to amount to $48 1.62 } (10) 
10. In how many days of 10 hours each will 7 men build 300 

rods of wall, if 12 men in 11 days of 8 hours each build 

90 rods ? (Solve either by analysis or proportion.) (10 ) 

Geography. 

1. Name and give location of three large cities of Pennsyl- 

vania. (10) 

2. Name ten cities between New York and Buffalo, on the line 

of the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. (10) 

3. Of what is the drainage system of the Mississippi Valley 

made up.^ (10) 

202- 



Tuesday and IVednesday, August i ^ and 14, i88g. 203 

4. Where is Annapolis? What national institution is located 

there? (10) 

5. Where is the highest peak, within the present limits of the 

United States, (a) east of the Mississippi ? (^) in New 
England? (c) in New York ? (10) 

6. Locate three European cities where it will be afternoon, and 

two where it will be forenoon, when it is midnight at 
Rome (Italy). (10) 

7. Mention two great rivers of Africa, and locate the mouth of 

each. (10) 

8. Name the grand divisions having respectively (a) the high- 

est mountains; (l?) the largest population; (c) the longest 
river; (d) the longest relative coast line; (e) the largest 
lakes. (10) 

9. Through what countries does the Arctic Circle pass ? (10) 
10. How are icebergs formed? How are they brought down 

into the track of ocean steamers? (10) 

Civil Government and School Law. 

1. Describe the shortest process by which a bill may become 

a law of the U. S. (10) 

2. Why is our government called a representative democracy ? 

(10) 

3. When it is said that the Court of Appeals of this State has 

appellate jurisdiction only, what is meant? (10) 

4. Are custom-houses maintained by the State or by the 

nation? Why? (10) 

5. Explain hov/ it happens that the executive and legislative 

departments of the State or national Government may be 
under the control of different political parties. (10) 

6. To what officer must a trustee make his annual report? 

With what officer must he file it, and when ? (10) 

7. State four ways in which a person may become a regularly 

certified teacher in this State. (10) 

8. Name all the legal holidays that may occur on what would 

otherwise be a regular school day. 

9. (This question was incomplete and therefore omitted.) 

10. Before what officers may a teacher make affidavit to the 
correctness of the register of attendance ? (10) 

Composition. 

Write a composition on either of the following subjects : 
How I SPENT MY Vacation. 
Bicycling. 

The Circulation of the Blood. 
School Trustees. 



204 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition 

with particular reference to three points : 
(i) The matter, i.e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 

(2) The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25) 

(3) The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, 

use of capitals and general appearance. (25) 
(For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.) 

Grammar. 

1 Forty-nine years ago I had the privilege, in my capacity as aid to Governor 

2 Lincoln, to stand next to General Lafayette when he laid the corner-stone of 

3 the monument on Bunker Hill. It is impossible for persons of this generation 

4 to realize the enthusiasm with which his return was greeted; all knew that when 

5 he applied, in 1776, to our commissioners in Paris for a passaj;e in the first ship 

6 they should despatch to America, they were obliged to answer him that they 

7 possessed not the means or the credit sufficient for providing a single vessel in 

8 all the ports of France.— /t^jza-^ Quincy. 

The first five questions refer to the above selection. 

Notes. — i. In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodi- 
fied predicate. 

2. Subordinate clauses include {a) subject clauses; {h) objective clauses; (c) 
adjective clauses; {d) adverbial clauses. 

3. By phrase is meant a preposition and its object. In naming a phrase, give 
only the preposition and its unmodified object. 

4. A modifier may be a word, phrase, or clause. 

5. An object of a transitive verb is classed as a modifier of that verb. 

6. Only eight parts of speech are recognized — the articles the and a forming a 
subdivision of adjectives, and participles being one of the modifications of verbs. 

7. Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 

8. In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order : Class, person, 
number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, 
state the agreement with its antecedent. 

9. In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason 
for it. 

10. Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz., transitive and intransi- 
tive; and treat voice as a property of transitive verbs only. 

IT. In parsing" a verb, observe the following order: Principal parts, regular or 
irregular, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agree- 
ment. 

12. The special use of an infinitive or a participle is given after tense. 

1-2. According to note 2 above, classify the subordinate 
clauses, and state what each modifies. (20) 

3. Parse to stand (line 2). 

4. Give syntax of {a) years (line i) ; {b) vessel (line 7). (10) 

5. Parse ago (line i) ; next (line 2). (10) 

6. By brief sentences, illustrate the use of the verb laid in the 

passive voice of each mode. (10) 

7. Name five verbs after which the infinitive mode is used 

without to. (10) 

8. Write a sentence containing a clause used (a) as the object 

of a preposition ; {b) as an object of a transitive verb. 

(10) 

9. Illustrate by sentences the use of three different relative 

pronouns. (10) 
10. Give examples of ^vc different uses of the participle and 
explain the special use of each, (10) 



Tuesday and IVednesday, August i^ and 14, i88g, 205 



Current Topics. 

Of the following questions, the candidate will answer only five, to each of which 
twenty credits are assigned. 

1. {a) Our tenth State Normal School will open next Septem- 

ber. Where is it located.^ (p) The last Legislature 
authorized another. Where will it be located ? 

2. What change did our Legislature make in the length of the 

school year? 

3. What is the Paris Exposition intended to commemorate } 

4. State something about Laura Bridgman. 

$. To what country does each of the following belong: Bou- 
langer, John Bright, and Legitime? 

6. With what two projects has the name of M. De Lesseps 

been prominently connected ? 

7. Locate Johnstown, Pa., and state what has recently directed 

public attention to that city. 

American History. 

1. When and where did the second Centennial Congress 

meet ? What w^as the most important act of that Con- 
gress ? (10) 

2. Tell the story of Nathan Hale. (10) 

3. W^hy is the surrender of Burgoyne regarded as the turning- 

point of the Revolutionary War? (10) 

4. What brought about the Boston tea-party? 

5. Describe the destruction of the frigate Philadelphia by 

Lieutenant Decatur. (10) 

6. State facts about Jackson and the United States Bank. 

(10) 

7. What v/ere the Anti-rent troubles in the State of New 

York ? (10) 

8. What was the prominent idea of the Know-nothing, or 

American, party? (10) 

9. Give an account of the attack on Fort Sumter in 1861. 

(10) 
10. Name ten States which were admitted into the Union be- 
tween the Revolution and the Civil War. (10) 

Algebra. 

1. When a minus sign precedes a parenthesis, how may that 

parenthesis be removed without changing the value of 
the expression ? (10) 

2. What is the sign {a) of Involution ? {b) of Evolution ? Ex- 

press two powers and two roots of the same quantity. 
(10) 



2o6 Uniform Graded Examination Qiiestions. 

3. Resolve x — 2x^ + x^ into its prime factors. (10) 

4. Find the least common multiple of x'^ — 16, x'^ +4-^4-4 

and x"^ — 4. (10) 

5. What fraction is that whose numerator being doubled, and 

whose denominator being increased by 7, the value be- 
comes f; but the denominator being doubled, and the 
numerator being increased by 2, the value becomes J ? 
(10) 



x_^y 



Solve the following equations by com- \ 2 3 



parison 



X y 

-3 + ? 



(!0) 



7. Extract the square root of x^ + ^x^ — 6x'' — 2o,r + 25. (10) 

8. Expand {2a + 2by by the binomial theorem. (10) 

9. Given x"^ — ^x = 24, to find the values of x. (10) 
10. From 4/243/ take VioS/. (10) 

Book-keeping. 

1. Define {a) net capital; {b) acceptance. 

Memoranda. — John Sherman, dealer in general merchan- 
dise, of Plattsburg, N. Y., does business on account with 
Thomas Mann, as follows: June i, 1889, he sells Mann 
I bbl. of flour at $9.75; 8 cwt. of meal at 90c; i bbl. 
granulated sugar, 190 lbs., at iic. June 13, 1889, he buys 
of Mann 2 cd. of dry wood at §3, and 4 cd. of green wood 
at $2. June 20, 1889, Mann pays him $14 on account. 

2. Rule form of day book and ledger. (15) 

3. Enter and post in said forms the foregoing memoranda. 

(25) 

4. Balance the account and tell what the balance shows. (15) 

5. Write a receipt for the cash paid on account. (15) 

6. Write a note to balance the account at this date, payable in 

sixty days, without interest. (15) 

7. Find the date of maturity of said note. (5) 

Physics. 

1. Find the specific gravity of a piece of flint-glass weighing 

4320 grains in air, and 3023 grains in water. (10) 

2. Describe the construction of a parachute, and explain its 

action. (10) 

3. Show by diagram or description the essential parts of a 

force-pump. (10) 

4. Describe the construction of a barometer. (10) 

5. At about what tem.perature does water have its greatest 

density ? (10) 



Tuesday and Wednesday, August 13 and 14, i88g. 207 

6. Explain what is called the sweating of an ice-pitcher. (10) 

7. What causes the snapping in roasting chestnuts? (10) 

8. Give an illustration of cohesion; of adhesion. (10) 

9. Mention three ways in which heat is transmitted, and give 

an illustration of each. (10) 
10. Name three simple tools or implements, each involving dif- 
ferent mechanical powers, and state which mechanical 
power each illustrates. (10) 

Methods. 

1. Name two good results to be obtained by the use of supple- 

mentary reading. (10) 

2. Upon what faculties of the child must the primary teacher 

principally rely in imparting knowledge? (10) 

3. What three lines of culture and development are calculated 

to diminish, respectively, disease, ignorance, and vicious- 
ness ? To how many of these does the teacher's respon- 
sibility extend ? (10) 

4. What do you understand by the educational maxim, Pro- 

ceed from the known to the unknown ? (10) 

5. Mention two mental faculties that are especially cultivated 

in the study of arithmetic. (10) 

6. State the difference between gramm.atical and rhetorical 

pauses, and their relation to each other in oral reading. 
(10) 

7. Mention a cause of poor enunciation in reading or reciting 

that is induced by schoolroom work, and suggest a 
remedy. (10) 

8. How would you teach the cardinal points of the compass ? 

What map would you have a beginner in geography draw 
first? (10) 

9. Give an instance when concert recitation would be com- 

mendable. Give an instance when it would not be com- 
mendable. (10) 
10. Name three material aids that a teacher may employ to 
make the teaching of Physiology objective, i.e., to bring 
the subject within the scope of the senses. (10) 



Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. What is serum ? What is connective tissue ? (10) 

2. Where are the kidneys located ? What office do they per- 

form for the blood ? (10) 

3. Describe the dura mater. (10) 

4. In what fluid or juice is pepsin found ? What class of foods 

does pepsin dissolve ? (10) 



2o8 Uniform Graded Examinatioti Questions. 

5. Where does the ascending vena cava empty its contents ? 

(10) 

6. What are the lumbar vertebrae, and where are they located ? 

(10) 

7. What effect has alcohol, when taken into the blood, on the 

capillary blood-vessels ? (10) 

8. What system of vessels conveys the chyle from the small 

intestine to the receptacle of the chyle ? (10) 

9. Describe the convolutions of the brain ; in what way do 

they indicate the extent of intellectual development? 

(10) 

10. What is the difference between the veins and arteries as to 
(a) v/alls, (d) valves, (c) elasticity, (d) course of the 
blood ? (10) 



ANSWERS FOR AUGUST 13-14, 1889. 
SECOND AND THIRD GRADES, 



These answers were prepared by the editors, as the Department of Public In- 
struction does not issue answers. 

Arithmetic 

I. Sir 



2. Answers may differ. 

o 450 

4- t^tt; tV; 75 per cent; 62^ per cent. 

6. $628.01. 

7. 3.8648 — feet. 

8. .0005207. 

9. i7tt. 

10. 9f per cent. 

Geography. 



1. Hudson into New York Bay, Racket into the St. Lawrence, and 

Saranac into Lake Champlain. 

2. Virginia, West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, and 

Tennessee. 

3. Answers will differ. 

4. {li) Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, {h) Hudson Bay and At- 

lantic Ocean, {c) Baffin's Bay and Atlantic Ocean, {d) Gulf of 
St. Lawrence and Atlantic Ocean. 

5. {a) New South Wales, Australia, {b) Eastern coast of the Island 

of Niphon. {c) Eastern part of India. 



August I ^ and 14, i88g. 209 

6. {a) Everest, in the Himalayas ; 29,002 feet, {b) Elburz (on Asiatic 

boundary); 18,572 feet, {c) Illampu, in the Andes ; 24,812 feet. 

7. {a) Altai, {b) Himalaya, {c) Ural. 

8. On the west coast of England, at the mouth of the Mersey. In 

Germany, near the mouth of the Elbe. On the west coast of 
India. 

9. (a) Mineral springs, {b) The capital of the state, (r) Salt. (<-/) 

For a double tier of five locks, by which boats are passed up and 
down the ** mountain ridge." 
10. The difference in temperature of the ocean currents. 

Civil Government. 

1. By direct vote of the people. 

2. It serves as a check on law-makers. 

3. Exorbitant interest. It prevents the lender from oppressing the 

borrower. 

4. Congress is given power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, 

and excises. 

5. The power of impeachment. 

6. (i) The person declares his intention of becoming a citizen of the 

United States. (2) Two years after he takes the oath of alle- 
giance, when he must prove that he has lived in the United 
States five years, and in the State where he seeks to be natural- 
ized one year. 

7. By a member of the house. 

8 Chairman of the board of supervisors, sheriff, and county judge. 
9. The legislative, judicial, and executive departments. 
10. By the President. By the Postmaster-General. 

Grammar. 

1. Principal causes: Corner-stone' was ; It was constructed; Enact- 

7nents have had ; It is. 

2. Whose ce7itenary we are celebrating modifies corner-stone of edifice. 

That confederatio?t shotdd have welded modifies It is one of the 
subli??iest paradoxes of history. 

3. Answers will differ. 

4. Centenary, object of are celebrating. Ordinance, object of was. 

5. Fra7ttically ; after seventy- four years ; fretful efforts. 

6. Feeblest, object of by. 

7. Who, whose, whoift ; possesses centenary. 

8. Fretful, more far-reaching, subliniest, 

9. Its ; it, its, it. Far-reachi7ig. 
10. Answers will differ. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. {a) Nitrogenous. {b) Fat. (r) Nitrogenous. {a) Nitrogenous. 

{e) Mineral. 

2. They absorb the nutritious part of every sort of food. 

3. A tube-like canal which carries the hXood fro??i the heart. 

4. The white matter is on the outside, and the gray matter within. 



210 Uniform Graded Examination Qtiestions. 

5. " Hob-nailed liver." The surface has a nodulated appearance. 

6. Right auricle and right ventricle ; left auricle and left ventricle. 

7. A network of fine tubes connecting the ends of the arteries v/ith the 

veins. 

8. Lime. 

9. Indigestion. Overtaxing the digestive organs ; eating irregularly. 
10. Sweat-glands ; sebaceous glands, secreting an oily substance to 

keep the skin soft. 

American History. 

1. On account of Cartier ascending the river to the present site of 

Montreal. 

2. {a) Obtained from Queen Elizabeth a patent for territory, which he 

named Virginia, {b) Saved the Virginia colony from ruin, {c) 
Sailed down the Mississippi to its mouth, {d) Discovered the 
Mississippi, {e) Discovered the Pacific Ocean. 

3. The Indians. 

4. Forts Crown Point, Ticonderoga, and Edward. 
5-6. Answers will vary. 

7. The South said, ** Cotton is king," believing that France and Eng- 

land so depended on them for that staple that their republic 
would soon be recognized by those powers. 

8. At Vicksburg his terms were ' * unconditional surrender." 

9. The inauguration of Washington. 
10. Answers will differ. 

FIRST GRADE, 

Arithmetic. 

1. .00375; .004; .85875. 

2. Factors : 2X2X3X2. Greatest common divisor : 24. Least 

common multiple : 53,592. 

3. 3 bu. o pk. 7 qt. J pt. 

4- ^1163 555+. 

5. It will be increased by y^^. 

6. Eight and three hundred and eighty-four thousand nine hundred 

and sixty-four millionths. 

7. $8.99. 

8. $1533.75. 

9. I yr. 4 mo. 26 da. 

10. 5of days. 

Geography. 

1. Philadelphia, on the Delaware River; Pittsburg, at the junction of 

the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers; Allegheny, opposite 
Pittsburg. 

2. Yonkers, Poughkeepsie, Hudson, Albany, Troy, Schenectady, 

Amsterdam, Utica, Syracuse, Rochester. 

3. The Missouri, Ohio, Arkansas, and Red rivers, and other branches, 

4. On the Chesapeake Bay. United States Naval Academy, 



August I ^ and 14, i88g, 211 

5. {a) Mitchell's Peak, in North Carolina, {b) Mount Washington. 

{c) Mount Marcy. 

6. Answers will vary. 

7. Nile flows into the Mediterranean; Niger flows into the Gulf of 

Guinea. 
S. {a) Asia, {b) Asia, (c) North America, {d) North America, {e) 

Europe. 
9. Greenland, British America, Siberia, Russia, Norway, and Sweden. 
10. Icebergs are huge pieces broken from glaciers. These are formed 
of snow and ice, and move slowly toward the sea. By ocean 
currents. 

Civil Government. 

1. When a bill becomes a law without the interference of the Presi- 

dent. 

2. Because it is governed by representatives elected by the people. 

3. Those cases only are heard that are appealed from the lower courts. 

4. The nation. The constitution specially provides for it. 

5. Because the President is chosen by the electoral vote of the States; 

Congress by popular vote. 

6. The commissioner, between the first and second Tuesdays in Octo- 

ber. The clerk of the town. 

7. By obtaining a normal-school diploma, or a certificate from either 

the superintendent of public instruction, the school commissioner 
in his district, or the school officer in the city or village in which 
he is employed. 

8. Christmas, New Year. Washington's Birthday, Decoration Day, 

Fourth of July, Labor Day, any general election day, and any 
other day appointed by the Governor or President as one of 
fasting or prayer or other religious observance. 

9. Answers will vary. 

10. The clerk of the district. 

Grammar. 

1-2. When he /(7iV modifies I had the privilege to stand. His return 
7aas greeted" modifies It is i77tpossil)le to realize. Whejt he applied 
modifies All knew. They were obliged to answer modifies All 
knew. 

3. Infinitive mode, present tense, and modifies had. 

4. {a) Subject of is, understood, {b) Object of of, understood. 

5. Adverb modifies is. Adverb modifies to stand. 
6-10. Answers may vary. 

Current Topics. 

1. («) Oneonta. {B) Plattsburg. 

2. There must be at least thirty-tw^o weeks of school, instead of 

twenty-eight. 

3. The fall of the Bastile. 

4. Though deprived of sight and hearing, and other senses were 

blunted, she was taught many things. 

5. France; England; Hayti, 



212 Uniform Graded Examination Questions. 

6. The Suez and Panama canals. 

7. In the southwestern part of the State. It was nearly destroyed by 

the bursting of the Coneraaugh dam. 

American History. 

1. In Philadelphia, May 10, 1775. Voting to raise 20,000 men, and 

appointing Washington commander-in-chief. 

2. Answers will vary. 

3. It encouraged France to aid the colonies. 

4. The tax on tea. 

5-7. Answers will vary. 

8. To resist the influence of foreigners. 

9. Answers will var}- . 

10. Vermont, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Missis- 
sippi, Illinois, Alabama, and Maine. 

Algebra. 

1. By changing the signs of the quantities in the parenthesis. 

2. (a) The exponent, showing how many times the quantity is repeated 

to produce the power indicated, {b) The radical sign. 

o^ X (i x^) (i — x^). 

4! (A'2~4)(x2^4)(^+4)(.r+2). 

6. a- = 6; jK = 6. 

si i6«'*+"64fl^^/4- 96^2^2 + 64^/^3 + 16^4^ 
9. .r = 7. 

Book-keeping. 

I. {a) Capital clear of all encumbrances. (/;) An assent and engage- 
ment to pay a bill when due. 
2-3. Answers unnecessary. 

4. S9.85. 

5. Plattsburg, N. Y., June 20, 1889, 
Received of Thomas Mann $14 on account. 

John Sherman. 

6. Plattsburg, N. Y., Aug. 13, 1889. 
Sixty days after date I promise to pay John Sherman $9.85, with- 
out interest, to balance account. 

Thomas Mann. 

7. Sixty-three days from August 13, 1889, or October 15, 1889. 

Physics. 

1. 8.330. 

2. An umbrella-shaped apparatus, with basket attached, with which 

aeronauts descend from balloons. 

3. Piston, valves, and delivery-pipe. 

4. A 34- inch tube, closed at the top, filled V\rith mercury, and the 

lower end immersed in water, 

5. 39.2° F., or 4° C. 



August 13 and 14, i88g, 213 

6. The pitcher being colder than the atmosphere, vapor from the air 

condenses on the surface. 

7. Steam forming inside causes it to burst. 

8. By cohesion water is formed into globules. Water adheres to the 

side of a glass, 
g. Radiation, conduction, and convection. 

10. The balance illustrates the lever; the knife-blade, the wedge; and 
a common nut, the screw. 

Methods. 

1. Increases the interest of the pupils; gives fluency in the art. 

2. Observation, memory, judgment, imagination. 

3. Physical, intellectual, and moral. To some extent, all. 

4. From facts within the knowledge of the child proceed to those be- 

yond it. 
J. Judgment and reasoning. 
6. Grammatical pauses mark the sense ; rhetorical pauses make words 

or phrases more emphatic. They sometimes coincide with 

grammatical pauses, but not always. 
7-9. Answers may differ. 
10. Charts, simple apparatus, and parts of animals. 

Physiology and Hygiene. 

1. The clear, yellow liquid that separates from the blood on coagula- 

tion. The tough substance that binds the parts together. 

2. Back of the abdominal cavity, on the sides of the vertebral column, 

a short way below the diaphragm. They remove the urea and 
other waste matters from the blood. 

3. The membrane that lines the skull, and separates the different 

parts of the brain. 

4. Gastric juice. Albuminoids. 

5. Into the right auricle of the heart. 

6. The five vertebrae at the loins. 

7. Absorbs moisture from the red corpuscles, causing them to shrink, 

harden, and adhere in masses, hindering their passage through 
the capillaries. 

8. The lacteals. 

9. The gray matter is wrinkled. Deep and intricate convolutions in- 

dicate high mental power. 
10. {a) The walls of veins are much thinner, {b) Arterial valves open 
from the heart; venous valves toward the heart, {c) The walls 
of arteries are more elastic, {d) Arteries carry blood from the 
heart; veins, to the heart. 



EIGHTEENTH YEAR! 

Xhe S chool J ournal 

-*- is published weekly at $2.50 a year. Amos M. Kel- 

logg and Jerome Allen, two teachers of life-long 
experience and progressive ideas, devote their whole 

jfr time to editing it. Established 18 years ago, it is to- 
day the best known and widest circulated educational 

^ weekly in the country. This reputation has been won 
strictly en its merits, as its subscribers know, and you 
will too (if not now a subscriber), if you send 6 cents 

^ for a sample copy. 

TENTH YEAR! 

The T eachers^ I nstitute 

-^ is published monthly at $1.25 a year; 12 large 44 page 

papers constitute a year (most other educational 

. mo thlies publish but g or 10). It is edited by the 

^ same editors as the School Journal, and has, ever 
since it v/as started in 1878, been the most popular 

-^ monthly educational published, circulating in every 
state — a national paper. This was because it was 
practical — little theory and much practice — crammed 

^ with it. Sample copy 10 cents. 

ELEl^ENTH YEAR! 

T reasure- T rove 

"^ is a beautiful illustrated 36 page monthly, for the boys 
and girls. Price, $1.00 a year. We must refer you 
to our descriptive circular for particulars about this 

^ charming paper, for we have not room here to tell you 
the half of its value. It is used by thousands of 
teachers as an aid to their school room work. 

"jlr Sample, 10 cents. 

E. L. KELLOGG Sr CO., Educational Publishers, 

NEW YORK AND CHICAGO. 



SSKD A1.L. OtlD^BRS TO 

.42 K L. KELLOGG <& CO,, NEW YORK & CHICAGO, 

Southwick's Handy Helps. 

Handy Helps. A Manual of Curious and Interesting Infor- 
mation. By Albert P. Southwick, A.M., Author of 
'* Quizzism and Its Key," etc. 16mo, cloth, 290 pp. Prico, 
$1.00 ; to teachers, 80 cents ; by mail, 8 cents extra. 

1. This volume contains five hundred questions that arc of 
interest to every reading man and woman in the Unite.l 
States. To hunt up an answer to even one of these would 
require sometimes days of research. 

2. The volimie will be valuable to the teacher especially, 
because he is surrounded with an inquiring set of young 
beings. For instance, ** What is the origin of the term John 
Bull?" If asked this the teacher might be unable to answer 
it, yet this and many other similar queries are answered by 
this book. 

Such a volume can be used in the school-room, and it wdll 
enliven it, for many young peopl<5 are roused by the questions 
it contains. Something new can be found in it every day to 
interest and instruct the school. It is an invaluable aid in 
oral teaching, unequaled for general exercises, and interesting 
dull pupils. 

4. It will afford refined entertainment at a gathering of 
young people in the evening, and really add to their knowl- 
edge. 

5. The queries in it pertain to matters that the well- 
informed should know about. Here are a few of them : 

Animal with Eight Eyes ; The Burning Lakes ; Boycotting ; 
Burial Place of Coliunbus ; Bride of Death ; Bluebeard's Cas- 
tle ; City of the Violet Crown ; Dead Sea Fruit ; Doors that 
are Books ; Derivation of the words. Uncle Sam ; First use of 
the expression, ** Defend me from my friends"; Flogged for 
Kissing his Wife ; How Pens are Slit; Key of the Ba stile; 
Mother Goose ; Origin of All Fooi's Day ; Reason Ilhode Island 
has two capitals ; Silhouette ; Simplest Post-office in the 
World; Umbrella a mile Wide; ** Sharpshooters" among 
fishes ; Unlucky days for matrimony ; Year with 445 days ; 
Why black is used for mourning ; etc., etc. 

6. It is a capital book to take on a railroad journey ; it 
entertains, it instructs. 

Hortie Journal.— " One can scarcely turn a pa??c without finding 
something he desires to learn, and which every well-read man ought to 
know. 

Interior. — "Immensely Instructive and entertaining in echool-rooms^ 
Camilles and reading circlea,^ 



gEKD ALL ORDERS TO 

E. L. KELLOGG & CO,, NEW YORK & CHICAGO. 43 

Southwicks Qtiii Manual of the Theory 

AND Practice of Teaching. By A. P. Southwick, 
author of " Handy Helps/' ''Quizzism and Key," etc. Can- 
vas binding, 16mo, 132 pp. Price, 75 cents; to teachers, 60 
cents; by mail, 6 cents extra. 

Much real aid to all classes of teachers may be got from a 
volume like this. To county superintendents, examiners, prin- 
cipals, it will be specially helpful in suggesting proper questions 
for examinations. There is more attention every year being 
given to Theory and Practice of Teaching, once wholly neglected. 
This is one of the six books recommended by the N. Y. State 
Department to teachers preparing for an examination in State 
certificates. 

THIS VOLUME CONTAINS 
The following questions on Teaching these subjects: 

47 questions on Reading. 
3 '* Natural History. 

2 '' Rhetoric. 
13 ** Literature. 

3 " Psychology. 
24 * * Physiology. 
32 '' History. 
10 '* Drawing. 
12 '* Attention. 
54 *' Miscellaneous. 



28 questions on Education. 

67 '' Arithmetic. 
21 *' Composition. 

3 ** Etymology. 

27 '•' Orthography. 

6 '' Natural Science. 

40 *' Geography. 

12 '* Penmanship. 

68 *' Discipline. 
6 '' Manual Training.' 

Making in all over 500 questions; each question being concisely 
yet fully answered. 

The answers are printed on the back of the book, numbered to 
correspond with the questions. 

Ed. Becord (Can.). — " To anyone preparing for an examination in profes- 
sional subjects, no better book than this could be found." 

Can. Ed. Journal.—" Cannot fail to prove of great service to young 
teachers.'" 

Neb. Teacher.— " The answers are of sufiQcient length to be of real 
service." 

V/estern School Journal.—" The section on discipline abounds in golden 
and practical srig:gestioDS." 

Pa. School Journal.—" Well-arranged, comprehensive, reliable, and thor- 
oughly ada})ted to fulfil its purpose." 

La. Prog. Teacher.— The wisdom of a dozen works boiled down in get-at- 
able question-and-answer form." 

Central School Journal.—" A helpmeet to teachers of all grades. Every 
subject tau;<ht in common and high schools is treated. It contains 506 
questions and answers, simple and leading. We recommend the work as 
one of the best published." 



SEND ALL ORDERS TO 

E. L. KELLOGG & CO., NEW YOBK AND CHICAGO. 3/ 



Shaw's Rational Qiiestion "Book. 

*' The National Question Book." A graded course of 
study for those preparing to teach. By Edward R. Shaw, 
Principal of the High School, Yonkers, N. Y., author of 
'* School Devices," etc Bound in durable English buck« 
ram cloth, with beautiful side-starup. 12mo, 400 pp. 
Price, $1.75; net to teachers, postpaid. 
A new edition of this popular book is now ready, containing 
the following 

NEW FEATURES: 
READING. An entirely new chapter with answers. 
ALCOHOL and its effects on the body. An entirely new 
chapter with answers. 

THE PROFESSIONAL GRADE has been entirely re- 
written and now contains answers to every question. 

TJiis work contains 0,500 Questions and Ansivers on 24: 
Different Branches of Study. 

ITS DISTINGUISHING FEATURES. 

1. It ainis to make the teacher a better teacher. 
''How to Make Teaching a Profession" has challenged t' e 

attention of the wisest teacher. It is plain that to accomphsh 
this the teacher must pass from the stage of a knowledge of 
the rudiments, to the stage of somewhat extensive acquire- 
ment. There are steps in this movement; if a teacher will 
take the first and see what the next is, he will probably go on 
to the next, and so on. One of the reasons why there has 
been no movement forward by those who have made this first 
step, is that there was nothing marked cut as a second step. 

2. This book will show the teacher how to go forward. 

la the preface the course of study usually pursued in our 
best normal schools is given. This proposes four grades ; 
third J second, first, and professional. Then, questions are 
given appropriate for each of these grades. Answers follow 
each section. A teacher will use the book somewhat as 
follows : — If he is in the third grade he will put the questions 
found in this book concerning numbers, geography, history, 
grammar, orthography, and theory and practice" of teaching 
to himself and get out the answer. Havin^i,- donethis lio will 
go on to the other grades in a similar manner. In this way 
ho vvili know as to his fitness to pass an exammation for 



SiEND ALL ORJDiCKS 'iO 

38 E, L, KELLOGG & CO., NEW YORK & CHICAGO. 



tliese grades. The selection of questions is a good one. 

8. It proposes questions concerning teacliing itself. 

The need of studying the Art of Teacliing is becoming more 
and more apparent. There are questions that will prove very 
suggestive and valuable on the Theory and Practice of Educa- 
tion. 

4. It is a general review of the common school and higher 
studies. 

Each department of questions is followed by department of 
answers on same subject, each question being numbered, and 
answer having corresponding number. 

Arithmetic, 3d grade. English Literature, 1st grade. 

Geography, 2d and 3d grade. Natural Philosophy, " 

U. S. History, 2d and 3d grade. Algebra, professional grade. 

Grammar, 1st, 2d, and 3d grade. General History, profess, grade. 

Orthography and Orthoepy,3d grade. 
Theory and Practice of Teaching, 

1st, 2d, and 3d grade. 
Rhetoric and Composition, 2d grade, 
Physiology, 1st and 2d grade. 
Bookkeeping, 1st and 2d grade. 
Civil Government, 1st and 2d grade. 
Physical Geography, 1st grade. 

5. It is carefully graded into grades corresponding to those 
into which teachers are usually classed. 

It is important for a teacher to know what are appropriate 
questions to ask a third grade teacher, for example. Exam- 
iners of teachers, too, need to knov/ what are appropriate 
questions. In fact, to put the examination of the teacher into 
a proper system is most important. 

6. Again, this book broadens the field, and will advance 
education. The second grade teacher, for example, is exam- 
ined in rhetoric and composition, physiology, book-keeping, 
and civil government, subjects usually omitted. The teacher 
who follows this book faithfully will become as near as possi- 
ble a normal school graduate. It is really a contribution to 
pedagogic progress. It points out to the teacher a road to 
professional fitness. 

7. It is a useful reference work for every teacher and priv- 
ate library. 

Every teacher needs a book to turn to for questions, for 
example, a history class. Time is precious ; he gives a pupil 
the book saying, '' AVrite five of those questions on the black- 
board ; the class may bring in ansv/ers to~morrov/." A book, 



Geometry, 
Latin, 


it i 


Zoology, 
Astronomy, 
Botany, 
Physics, 


Ih ( 


Geology, 





